巴士座椅全球市場規模研究與預測：按座椅（標準、躺椅）、按組件（框架、內飾）、按巴士（公交車、校車、其他）、區域分析2022-2029

全球巴士座椅市場預計在 2021 年達到約 117.5 億美元，在 2022 年至 2029 年的預測期內以超過 5.6% 的強勁增長率增長。

公共汽車是有很多座位的長車。 座位數因巴士類型而異，根據容量和結構從 15 到 50 或更多不等。 受電動汽車普及率上升、兒童座椅需求增加等因素影響，公交座椅市場規模不斷擴大。

根據 2022 Statista 的數據，電動汽車市場的銷售額將達到約 3840 億美元。 並以17.75%左右的增長率增長，預計到2027年將達到8693億美元的規模。 越來越多地更換舊公共汽車和不斷進步的技術為這個市場創造了有利可圖的機會。 然而，嚴格的政府法規阻礙了 2022-2029 年預測期內的市場增長。

全球汽車座椅市場研究考慮的主要區域包括亞太地區、北美、歐洲、拉丁美洲和世界其他地區。 由於對電動汽車的需求不斷增長、對兒童約束裝置的需求不斷增長以及對移動交通的需求不斷增長，亞太地區在收入方面佔據了市場主導地位。 另一方面，預計亞太地區在預測期內將以最高複合年增長率增長。 這是由於諸如交通運輸中對豪華和舒適的需求以及技術進步不斷增加等因素造成的。

本研究的目的是闡明近年來各個細分市場和國家/地區的市場規模，並預測未來幾年的市場規模。 該報告旨在捕捉被調查國家中該行業的定性和定量方面的情況。

它還提供了關鍵方面的詳細信息，例如決定市場未來增長的驅動因素和挑戰。 此外，它還包含供利益相關者投資的微觀市場潛在機會，以及對主要參與者的競爭格局和產品供應的深入分析。

內容

第 1 章執行摘要

• 市場概況
• 2019-2029 年各細分市場的全球市場估計和預測
  • 2019-2029 年按地區劃分的巴士座椅市場
  • 巴士座椅市場：按座位劃分，2019-2029 年
  • 按組件劃分的巴士座椅市場，2019 年至 2029 年
  • 2019-2029 年公交車座椅市場
• 主要趨勢
• 調查方法
• 調查先決條件

第 2 章全球汽車座椅市場定義和範圍

• 調查的目的
• 市場定義和範圍
  • 調查範圍
  • 工業發展
• 調查年份
• 貨幣兌換率

第三章全球客車座椅市場動態

• 公交座椅市場影響分析（2019-2029）
  • 市場驅動因素
    • 提高電動汽車的普及率
    • 對兒童座椅安裝的需求不斷擴大
  • 市場挑戰
    • 嚴格的政府法規
  • 市場機會
    • 正在更換老化的公交車
    • 不斷進步的技術進步

第 4 章汽車座椅全球市場行業分析

• 波特 5 力模型
  • 供應商的議價能力
  • 買家的議價能力
  • 新進入者的威脅
  • 替代品的威脅
  • 競爭公司之間的敵對關係
• 波特 5 力模型的未來方法 (2019-2029)
• 害蟲分析
  • 政治
  • 經濟的
  • 社交
  • 技術
• 頂級投資機會
• 關鍵成功策略
• 行業專家的展望
• 分析師的結論和建議

第 5 章風險評估：COVID-19 的影響

• 評估 COVID-19 對行業的總體影響
• COVID-19 之前和 COVID-19 之後的市場情景

第 6 章全球巴士座椅市場：按座位

• 市場概況
• 世界巴士座椅市場：按座椅、性能潛力分析
• 2019-2029 年世界客車座椅市場按座椅估算和預測
• 公交座椅市場、細分市場分析
  • 標準
  • 躺椅

第 7 章全球汽車座椅市場：按組件分類

• 市場概況
• 世界巴士座椅市場：按組件、按性能、潛力分析
• 世界客車座椅市場、按組件估算和預測（2019-2029 年）
• 全球公交座椅市場、細分市場分析
  • 框架
  • 室內裝潢

第 8 章全球巴士座椅市場：乘坐巴士

• 市場概況
• 世界巴士座椅市場：按巴士、按性能、潛力分析
• 世界巴士座椅市場、巴士估計和預測（2019-2029）
• 全球公交座椅市場、細分市場分析
  • 公交車
  • 校車
  • 其他

第 9 章：全球汽車座椅市場：區域分析

• 公交座椅全球市場、區域市場概況
• 北美
  • 美國
    • 2019 年至 2029 年按席位估算和預測
    • 2019-2029 年各組成部分的估計和預測
    • 2019 年至 2029 年各公交車的估計和預測
  • 加拿大
• 歐洲巴士座椅市場概況
  • 英國
  • 德國
  • 法國
  • 西班牙
  • 意大利
  • 其他歐洲地區
• 亞太地區巴士座椅市場概況
  • 中國
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 澳大利亞
  • 韓國
  • 其他亞太地區
• 拉丁美洲巴士座椅市場概況
  • 巴西
  • 墨西哥
  • 其他拉丁美洲地區
• 世界其他地方

第 10 章衝突信息

• 頂級市場策略
• 公司簡介
  • TACHI-S 有限公司
    • 主要信息
    • 概覽
    • 財務信息（取決於數據可用性）
    • 產品概述
    • 近期趨勢
  • Commercial Vehicle Group Inc.
  • Franz Kiel GmbH
  • Grammer AG
  • Freedman seating company
  • Harita Seating Company
  • Magna International Inc.
  • Toyota Boshoku Corporation
  • Prakash Seating Private Ltd
  • Lazzerini SRL

第 11 章研究過程

• 研究過程
  • 數據挖掘
  • 分析
  • 市場評估
  • 驗證
  • 出版
• 調查屬性
• 調查先決條件

The global Bus Seat Market is valued at approximately USD 11.75 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 5.6 % over the forecast period 2022-2029. The bus is a long vehicle with a large number of seats. The number of seats varies by bus type, with seats ranging from 15 to more than 50 depending on the capacity and structure of the bus. The Bus Seat market is expanding because of factors such as the rising adoption of electric vehicles and growing demand to integrate child seats.

According to Statista in 2022, the electric vehicles market generated revenue of around USD 384.00 billion in 2022. And it is growing with a growth rate of around 17.75 % and is expected to attain a volume of USD 869.30 billion by 2027. Whereas rising replacement of old buses and growing technological advancement create lucrative opportunities for the market. However, stringent government regulation hampers the market growth in the forecast period of 2022-2029.

The key regions considered for the Global Bus Seat Market study include Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and the Rest of the World. Asia Pacific dominated the market in terms of revenue, owing to the increasing demand for electric vehicles, rising demand for child seats, and demand for mobile vehicles for transportation. Whereas the Asia Pacific is expected to grow with the highest CAGR during the forecast period, owing to factors such as the need for luxury and comfort across transportation and growing technological advancement.

Major market players included in this report are:

TACHI-S Co. Ltd

Commercial Vehicle Group Inc.

Franz Kiel GmbH

Grammer AG

Freedman seating company

Harita Seating Company

Magna International Inc.

Toyota Boshoku Corporation

Prakash Seating Private Ltd

Lazzerini SRL

Recent Developments in the Market:

• In April 2021, SeatLinkTM, a seat information tracking system powered by InterMotive Vehicle Controls, a leading manufacturer of electronic control systems, was developed by Freedman Seating Company, a leading manufacturer of transportation seating. The system can be expanded to accommodate vehicles carrying up to 90 passengers. It can also be battery powered, making it possible to retrofit the system into older vehicles.
• In October 2021, Lear Corporation announced its intention to buy all of Kongsberg Automotive's Interior Comfort Systems (ICS) business units. The ICS business unit of Kongsberg Automotive specialises in comfort seating solutions, with a leadership position in seating product areas experiencing growth in the auto industry, such as massage, lumbar, seat heat, and ventilation.

Global Bus Seat Market Report Scope:

Historical Data: 2019-2020-2021

Base Year for Estimation: 2021

Forecast period: 2022-2029

Report Coverage: Revenue forecast, Company Ranking, Competitive Landscape, Growth factors, and Trends

Segments Covered: Seat, Component, Bus, Region

Regional Scope: North America; Europe; Asia Pacific; Latin America; Rest of the World

Customization Scope: Free report customization (equivalent up to 8 analyst's working hours) with purchase. Addition or alteration to country, regional & segment scope*

The objective of the study is to define market sizes of different segments & countries in recent years and to forecast the values to the coming years. The report is designed to incorporate both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the industry within countries involved in the study.

The report also caters detailed information about the crucial aspects such as driving factors & challenges which will define the future growth of the market. Additionally, it also incorporates potential opportunities in micro markets for stakeholders to invest along with the detailed analysis of competitive landscape and product offerings of key players. The detailed segments and sub-segment of the market are explained below:

By Seat:

Standard

Recliner

By Component:

Frame

Upholstery

By Bus:

Transit Bus

School Bus

Others

By Region:

North America

U.S.

Canada

Europe

UK

Germany

France

Spain

Italy

ROE

Asia Pacific

China

India

Japan

Australia

South Korea

RoAPAC

Latin America

Brazil

Mexico

ROLA

Rest of the World

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Executive Summary

• 1.1. Market Snapshot
• 1.2. Global & Segmental Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
  • 1.2.1. Bus Seat Market, by Region, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
  • 1.2.2. Bus Seat Market, by Seat, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
  • 1.2.3. Bus Seat Market, by Component, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
  • 1.2.4. Bus Seat Market, by Bus, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• 1.3. Key Trends
• 1.4. Estimation Methodology
• 1.5. Research Assumption

Chapter 2. Global Bus Seat Market Definition and Scope

• 2.1. Objective of the Study
• 2.2. Market Definition & Scope
  • 2.2.1. Scope of the Study
  • 2.2.2. Industry Evolution
• 2.3. Years Considered for the Study
• 2.4. Currency Conversion Rates

Chapter 3. Global Bus Seat Market Dynamics

• 3.1. Bus Seat Market Impact Analysis (2019-2029)
  • 3.1.1. Market Drivers
    • 3.1.1.1. Rising adoption of electric vehicles
    • 3.1.1.2. Growing demand to integrate child seats
  • 3.1.2. Market Challenges
    • 3.1.2.1. Stringent government regulation
  • 3.1.3. Market Opportunities
    • 3.1.3.1. Rising replacement of old buses
    • 3.1.3.2. Growing technological advancement

Chapter 4. Global Bus Seat Market Industry Analysis

• 4.1. Porter's 5 Force Model
  • 4.1.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
  • 4.1.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
  • 4.1.3. Threat of New Entrants
  • 4.1.4. Threat of Substitutes
  • 4.1.5. Competitive Rivalry
• 4.2. Futuristic Approach to Porter's 5 Force Model (2019-2029)
• 4.3. PEST Analysis
  • 4.3.1. Political
  • 4.3.2. Economical
  • 4.3.3. Social
  • 4.3.4. Technological
• 4.4. Top investment opportunity
• 4.5. Top winning strategies
• 4.6. Industry Experts Prospective
• 4.7. Analyst Recommendation & Conclusion

Chapter 5. Risk Assessment: COVID-19 Impact

• 5.1. Assessment of the overall impact of COVID-19 on the industry
• 5.2. Pre COVID-19 and post COVID-19 Market scenario

Chapter 6. Global Bus Seat Market, by Seat

• 6.1. Market Snapshot
• 6.2. Global Bus Seat Market by Seat, Performance - Potential Analysis
• 6.3. Global Bus Seat Market Estimates & Forecasts by Seat 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• 6.4. Bus Seat Market, Sub Segment Analysis
  • 6.4.1. Standard
  • 6.4.2. Recliner

Chapter 7. Global Bus Seat Market, by Component

• 7.1. Market Snapshot
• 7.2. Global Bus Seat Market by Component, Performance - Potential Analysis
• 7.3. Global Bus Seat Market Estimates & Forecasts by Component 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• 7.4. Bus Seat Market, Sub Segment Analysis
  • 7.4.1. Frame
  • 7.4.2. Upholstery

Chapter 8. Global Bus Seat Market, by Bus

• 8.1. Market Snapshot
• 8.2. Global Bus Seat Market by Bus, Performance - Potential Analysis
• 8.3. Global Bus Seat Market Estimates & Forecasts by Bus 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• 8.4. Bus Seat Market, Sub Segment Analysis
  • 8.4.1. Transit Bus
  • 8.4.2. School Bus
  • 8.4.3. Others

Chapter 9. Global Bus Seat Market, Regional Analysis

• 9.1. Bus Seat Market, Regional Market Snapshot
• 9.2. North America Bus Seat Market
  • 9.2.1. U.S. Bus Seat Market
    • 9.2.1.1. Seat breakdown estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029
    • 9.2.1.2. Component breakdown estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029
    • 9.2.1.3. Bus breakdown estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029
  • 9.2.2. Canada Bus Seat Market
• 9.3. Europe Bus Seat Market Snapshot
  • 9.3.1. U.K. Bus Seat Market
  • 9.3.2. Germany Bus Seat Market
  • 9.3.3. France Bus Seat Market
  • 9.3.4. Spain Bus Seat Market
  • 9.3.5. Italy Bus Seat Market
  • 9.3.6. Rest of Europe Bus Seat Market
• 9.4. Asia-Pacific Bus Seat Market Snapshot
  • 9.4.1. China Bus Seat Market
  • 9.4.2. India Bus Seat Market
  • 9.4.3. Japan Bus Seat Market
  • 9.4.4. Australia Bus Seat Market
  • 9.4.5. South Korea Bus Seat Market
  • 9.4.6. Rest of Asia Pacific Bus Seat Market
• 9.5. Latin America Bus Seat Market Snapshot
  • 9.5.1. Brazil Bus Seat Market
  • 9.5.2. Mexico Bus Seat Market
  • 9.5.3. Rest of Latin America Bus Seat Market
• 9.6. Rest of The World Bus Seat Market

Chapter 10. Competitive Intelligence

• 10.1. Top Market Strategies
• 10.2. Company Profiles
  • 10.2.1. TACHI-S Co. Ltd
    • 10.2.1.1. Key Information
    • 10.2.1.2. Overview
    • 10.2.1.3. Financial (Subject to Data Availability)
    • 10.2.1.4. Product Summary
    • 10.2.1.5. Recent Developments
  • 10.2.2. Commercial Vehicle Group Inc.
  • 10.2.3. Franz Kiel GmbH
  • 10.2.4. Grammer AG
  • 10.2.5. Freedman seating company
  • 10.2.6. Harita Seating Company
  • 10.2.7. Magna International Inc.
  • 10.2.8. Toyota Boshoku Corporation
  • 10.2.9. Prakash Seating Private Ltd
  • 10.2.10. Lazzerini SRL

Chapter 11. Research Process

• 11.1. Research Process
  • 11.1.1. Data Mining
  • 11.1.2. Analysis
  • 11.1.3. Market Estimation
  • 11.1.4. Validation
  • 11.1.5. Publishing
• 11.2. Research Attributes
• 11.3. Research Assumption

LIST OF TABLES

• TABLE 1. Global Bus Seat Market, report scope
• TABLE 2. Global Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by Region 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 3. Global Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by Seat 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 4. Global Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by Component 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 5. Global Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by Bus 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 6. Global Bus Seat Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 7. Global Bus Seat Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 8. Global Bus Seat Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 9. Global Bus Seat Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 10. Global Bus Seat Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 11. Global Bus Seat Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 12. Global Bus Seat Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 13. Global Bus Seat Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 14. Global Bus Seat Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 15. Global Bus Seat Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 16. U.S. Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 17. U.S. Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 18. U.S. Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 19. Canada Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 20. Canada Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 21. Canada Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 22. UK Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 23. UK Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 24. UK Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 25. Germany Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 26. Germany Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 27. Germany Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 28. France Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 29. France Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 30. France Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 31. Italy Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 32. Italy Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 33. Italy Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 34. Spain Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 35. Spain Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 36. Spain Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 37. RoE Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 38. RoE Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 39. RoE Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 40. China Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 41. China Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 42. China Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 43. India Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 44. India Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 45. India Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 46. Japan Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 47. Japan Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 48. Japan Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 49. South Korea Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 50. South Korea Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 51. South Korea Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 52. Australia Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 53. Australia Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 54. Australia Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 55. RoAPAC Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 56. RoAPAC Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 57. RoAPAC Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 58. Brazil Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 59. Brazil Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 60. Brazil Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 61. Mexico Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 62. Mexico Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 63. Mexico Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 64. RoLA Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 65. RoLA Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 66. RoLA Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 67. Row Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts, 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 68. Row Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 69. Row Bus Seat Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2019-2029 (USD Billion)
• TABLE 70. List of secondary sources, used in the study of global Bus Seat Market
• TABLE 71. List of primary sources, used in the study of global Bus Seat Market
• TABLE 72. Years considered for the study
• TABLE 73. Exchange rates considered

List of tables and figures and dummy in nature, final lists may vary in the final deliverable

LIST OF FIGURES

List of figures

• FIG 1. Global Bus Seat Market, research methodology
• FIG 2. Global Bus Seat Market, Market estimation techniques
• FIG 3. Global Market size estimates & forecast methods
• FIG 4. Global Bus Seat Market, key trends 2021
• FIG 5. Global Bus Seat Market, growth prospects 2022-2029
• FIG 6. Global Bus Seat Market, porters 5 force model
• FIG 7. Global Bus Seat Market, pest analysis
• FIG 8. Global Bus Seat Market, value chain analysis
• FIG 9. Global Bus Seat Market by segment, 2019 & 2029 (USD Billion)
• FIG 10. Global Bus Seat Market by segment, 2019 & 2029 (USD Billion)
• FIG 11. Global Bus Seat Market by segment, 2019 & 2029 (USD Billion)
• FIG 12. Global Bus Seat Market by segment, 2019 & 2029 (USD Billion)
• FIG 13. Global Bus Seat Market by segment, 2019 & 2029 (USD Billion)
• FIG 14. Global Bus Seat Market, regional snapshot 2019 & 2029
• FIG 15. North America Bus Seat Market 2019 & 2029 (USD Billion)
• FIG 16. Europe Bus Seat Market 2019 & 2029 (USD Billion)
• FIG 17. Asia Pacific Bus Seat Market 2019 & 2029 (USD Billion)
• FIG 18. Latin America Bus Seat Market 2019 & 2029 (USD Billion)
• FIG 19. Global Bus Seat Market, company Market share analysis (2021)

List of tables and figures and dummy in nature, final lists may vary in the final deliverable