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全球風疹診斷測試市場 - 2023-2030Global Rubella Diagnostic Testing Market - 2023-2030 |
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麻疹具有高度傳染性。大約十分之九未受到保護的人會在接觸麻疹病毒後被感染。懷孕早期感染風疹的孕婦生出患有先天性風疹症候群(CRS)的嬰兒的可能性高達 90%。一名麻疹患者可感染 12 至 18 人,使其成為傳染性最強但可通過疫苗預防的疾病。
接觸麻疹的易感人群(未接種疫苗/從未患過麻疹)中約有十分之九會患病。 33% 患有先天性風疹症候群的嬰兒在一歲之前死亡。風疹 IgG 血清學檢測應用於評估風疹免疫力,包括懷疑先天性風疹症候群的懷孕前、懷孕期間和懷孕後。懷孕期間感染風疹可導致流產(受孕 20 週內胎兒流產)和死產(20 週後死亡)。
世界某些地區再次爆發麻疹疫情增加了診斷檢測。美國疾病控制與預防中心的數據顯示,儘管美國在2000年就宣布麻疹被消滅,但2019年美國31個州報告了近1300例麻疹病例,是1992年以來的最高數位。世界衛生組織於2023 年8 月上旬表示,與世界其他國家相比,印度的麻疹病例數最多,截至2023 年有57,550 例。也門有24,596 例,巴基斯坦有10,549 例。
2000 年至 2021 年間,麻疹疫苗在全球挽救了超過 5600 萬人的生命。然而,由於其再次發生,這一數位正在下降。診斷測試可用於治療生活在觀察到麻疹疫情的特定地區的個人的疾病。據聯合國國際兒童緊急基金會(UNICEF)稱,全球疫苗接種覆蓋率已於2022年恢復。然而,全球仍有2050萬兒童錯過了救生疫苗,比2019年增加了210萬。
2022 年,儘管印度的覆蓋率達到 93%,但仍有 160 萬兒童未接種疫苗和疫苗接種不足。數量的減少使得該疾病在少數地區再次出現,並立即傳播到其他地區,因為該疾病具有高度傳染性。疫情發生在疫苗接種率最低的地區。因此,預計上述因素將在預測期內推動市場。
推動市場的其他一些因素包括測試程序的進步、風疹疫情的再次爆發以及疫苗接種數量的減少,這些因素預計將在未來一段時間內推動市場。
風疹 IgM 檢測應僅限於疑似風疹病例。不建議用於篩查無症狀人群。類風濕因子的存在也可能導致 IgM 假陽性。由於存在假陽性結果的可能性,IgM 不應包含在常規檢測中以確定先前風疹免疫的證據。對無症狀、未暴露的孕婦進行風疹 IgM 檢測是不合適的,因為可能會出現假陽性結果,從而產生誤導。
Measles is highly contagious. Around 9 out of 10 people who are not protected will become infected following exposure to the measles virus. A pregnant woman infected with rubella in early pregnancy has up to a 90% chance of giving birth to a baby with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). One person with measles can infect 12-18 people, making it the most infectious yet vaccine-preventable disease.
Around 9 out of 10 susceptible people (unvaccinated/have never had measles) who are exposed to measles will get sick. 33% of infants with congenital rubella syndrome die before one year. Rubella IgG serology testing should be used for assessing rubella immunity, including before, during, and after pregnancy suspecting congenital rubella syndrome. Rubella infection during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage (loss of the fetus within 20 weeks of conception) and stillbirth (death after 20 weeks).
The Reoccurrence of measles outbreaks in some parts of the world increases diagnostic testing. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, although measles was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000, almost 1,300 cases of measles were reported in 31 states in the U.S. in 2019, the most significant number since 1992. According to data, the World Health Organization said in early August 2023, India had the highest number of measles cases compared to the rest of the world, with 57,550 cases as of 2023. Yemen with 24,596 and Pakistan with 10,549 patients.
Measles vaccines saved more than 56 million lives worldwide between 2000-2021. However, the numbers are declining due to its reoccurrence. Diagnostic testing comes into play to treat the disease in individuals living in specific regions where measles outbreaks are observed. According to the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), global vaccination coverage has recovered in 2022. However, there are still 20.5 million children missing out on lifesaving vaccines globally, 2.1 million more than in 2019.
In 2022, India accounted for 1.6 million unvaccinated and under-vaccinated children despite achieving 93 percent coverage. These reducing numbers make the reoccurrence of the disease in a few regions and immediately spread to other regions as well because the disease is highly contagious. The outbreaks happen in those areas where the vaccination is at its lowest. Hence, the above factor is expected to drive the market in the forecast period.
Some of the other factors that drive the market are advancements in testing procedures, reoccurrence of rubella outbreaks, and decreased number of vaccinations are a few factors that are expected to drive the market in the forthcoming period.
Rubella IgM testing should be limited to suspected rubella cases. It is not recommended for screening asymptomatic people. The presence of rheumatoid factor can also result in a false positive IgM. Due to the possibility of false positive results, IgM should not be included in routine testing to determine evidence of prior rubella immunity. Rubella IgM testing in asymptomatic, unexposed pregnant people is inappropriate because false positive results can occur, which can be misleading.
The global rubella diagnostic testing is segmented based on diagnostic test, age group, end user, and region.
The enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is expected to hold the largest market share during the forecast period, owing to the rising incidences of rubella and the advantages of the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. For instance, the enzyme immunoassay is the most used as it is relatively inexpensive, technically easy to perform, rapid, and susceptible.
EIA is used to detect rubella-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. IgM testing is the most commonly performed technique using commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits. The blood test detects antibodies the immune system makes to kill the rubella virus, which remains in the bloodstream for years. The EIA is also suitable for diagnosing acute infections, as a significant increase in antibody levels was detected in all paired specimens tested from patients with acute rubella infection.
In July 2021, it reported that measles and rubella are two of the most globally critical vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD), and measuring antibodies to measles and rubella viruses in samples collected from serosurveys can play an important role in estimating population immunity and guiding immunization activities and enzyme immunoassay is the most convenient method and accessible approach for detecting the rubella virus. Hence, the efficacy is elevated if ELISA kits are used. This factor is expected to drive the market in the forecast period.
Asia Pacific is expected to hold the largest segment in the market. According to information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, India has the highest number of cases between April and September 2022. Pakistan stayed in 7th position with 3635 cases, while the US had 33 cases by the end of 2022.
Due to the increased number of cases in 2022, the Indian government has launched a scheme to improve the diagnostic services related to measles disease. For instance, in July 2022, the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India, to improve the quality and coverage of antenatal care (ANC), including diagnostics and counseling services, as part of the Reproductive Maternal Neonatal Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH + A) strategy.
COVID-19 negatively impacted the global market during the outburst because to prevent further COVID-19 infection, restrictions and regulations were imposed, making it difficult for people to perform rubella diagnoses affecting the sales of the rubella diagnostic kits. Furthermore, during the pandemic, regular vaccination programs were on hold, which according to NIH estimation, put 80 million infants at risk of infection by measles, polio, and diphtheria, negatively impacting the global market.
The major global players in the rubella diagnostic testing market include: Siemens Healthineers AG, Bio Rad Laboratories Inc., Abbott Laboratories, BioMerieux SA, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., ZEUS, Scientific Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, InDevR, Inc., and Beckman Coulter Inc. among others.
The global rubella diagnostic testing market report would provide approximately 61 tables, 61 figures, and 185 Pages.
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