封面
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1489483

全球 CF 和 CFRP(碳纖維和碳纖維增強塑膠)市場 - 2024-2031

Global CF & CFRP (Carbon Fibers And Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) Market - 2024-2031

出版日期: | 出版商: DataM Intelligence | 英文 210 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

價格

本網頁內容可能與最新版本有所差異。詳細情況請與我們聯繫。

簡介目錄

概述

2023年,全球CF和CFRP(碳纖維和碳纖維增強塑膠)市場達到331億美元,預計2031年將達到849億美元,2024-2031年預測期間複合年成長率為12.5%。

消費性電子產業有可能為全球市場開闢一條主要成長途徑。 2023 年 12 月,中國消費電子巨頭聯想宣布,將使用東麗工業有限公司開發的再生碳纖維來製造其廣受歡迎的 ThinkPad 系列筆記型電腦的機身。

儘管對碳纖維的需求迅速增加,但整體回收能力並沒有太大成長。隨著複合材料在工程應用中變得越來越普遍,迫切需要加強回收和再生複合材料的使用。只要回收能力仍然較低,就會阻礙全球市場的成長。

動力學

航太應用中擴大採用碳纖維

現代商用客機的機身結構已用鋁合金取代碳纖維複合材料。它有助於減輕重量並提高燃油效率。新型空中巴士 A350 和波音 787 就是這一趨勢最突出的例子。軍用飛機也使用複合材料,因為它提高了飛機的隱身特性。美國的洛克希德·馬丁公司的F-35、韓國的KF-21 Boramae和俄羅斯的蘇霍伊Su-57都是採用複合材料的第五代隱形戰鬥機。

航太運載火箭也利用碳纖維複合材料來製造酬載整流罩和燃料箱。 SpaceX 的獵鷹 9 號運載火箭的推進劑箱和整流罩大量使用碳纖維複合材料。隨著私人航太公司成為航太發射產業中越來越重要的參與者,未來幾年航空航太領域對碳纖維複合材料的需求將持續成長。

全球風能產量的成長

國際能源總署(IEA)資料顯示,2023年全球風能產量較上年成長14%,達906吉瓦。全球風能理事會(GWEC)進一步估計,2023年至2028年的未來五年內將新增近680吉瓦的新增產能。

風力渦輪機幾乎全部由碳纖維複合材料製造,以減輕整體重量並使運輸和安裝相對容易。此外,複合材料的使用確保不存在腐蝕,並且風力渦輪機可以在整個季節保持運作。風能生產的擴大將在預測期內繼續產生大量需求。

缺乏統一的監管標準

由於碳纖維及其複合材料是相對較新的材料,全球監管指南和標準尚未隨著時代的變化而發展。與鋼合金、鋁和鈦等更主流的材料不同,目前對於材料性能和標準還沒有統一的國際指南。因此,每個製造商都制定了自己的標準。

缺乏統一標準會阻礙互通性,從而阻礙全球市場的成長,因為每個最終用戶都需要重新驗證規範以確保在範圍內。它不僅更耗時,而且阻礙了產業使用碳纖維複合材料,而是更喜歡金屬合金等標準化材料的安全性。

目錄

第 1 章:方法與範圍

  • 研究方法論
  • 報告的研究目的和範圍

第 2 章:定義與概述

第 3 章:執行摘要

  • 來源片段
  • 先行者的片段
  • 樹脂片段
  • 按製造程序分類的片段
  • 最終使用者的片段
  • 按地區分類的片段

第 4 章:動力學

  • 影響因素
    • 促進要素
      • 航空航太應用中擴大採用碳纖維
      • 全球風能產量的成長
    • 限制
      • 缺乏統一的監管標準
    • 機會
    • 影響分析

第 5 章:產業分析

  • 波特五力分析
  • 供應鏈分析
  • 定價分析
  • 監管分析
  • 俄烏戰爭影響分析
  • DMI 意見

第 6 章:COVID-19 分析

  • COVID-19 分析
    • COVID-19 之前的情況
    • COVID-19 期間的情況
    • COVID-19 後的情景
  • COVID-19 期間的定價動態
  • 供需譜
  • 疫情期間政府與市場相關的舉措
  • 製造商策略舉措
  • 結論

第 7 章:按來源

  • 原生碳纖維
  • 再生碳纖維

第 8 章:按前體

  • 聚丙烯腈 (PAN)
  • 石油瀝青
  • 人造絲
  • 生物基
  • 其他

第 9 章:透過樹脂

  • 熱固性CFRP
  • 熱塑性碳纖維增強塑膠
  • 高功率

第 10 章:依模數

  • 標準
  • 中間的
  • 高的

第 11 章:依製造流程分類

  • 上籃
  • 壓縮成型
  • 樹脂傳遞模塑
  • 纖維絲纏繞
  • 拉擠成型
  • 射出成型
  • 其他

第 12 章:最終用戶

  • 航太與國防
  • 風能
  • 汽車與運輸
  • 體育用品
  • 建築與施工
  • 電氣與電子
  • 海洋
  • 醫療的
  • 其他

第 13 章:按地區

  • 北美洲
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 歐洲
    • 德國
    • 英國
    • 法國
    • 義大利
    • 西班牙
    • 歐洲其他地區
  • 南美洲
    • 巴西
    • 阿根廷
    • 南美洲其他地區
  • 亞太
    • 中國
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 澳洲
    • 亞太其他地區
  • 中東和非洲

第14章:競爭格局

  • 競爭場景
  • 市場定位/佔有率分析
  • 併購分析

第 15 章:公司簡介

  • Toray Industries Ltd.
    • 公司簡介
    • 產品組合和描述
    • 財務概覽
    • 主要進展
  • Teijin Limited
  • Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
  • Hexcel Corporation
  • Solvay SA
  • SGL Carbon
  • Kureha Corporation
  • Hyosung Advanced Materials
  • Jilin Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.
  • Jiangsu Hengshen Co., Ltd.

第 16 章:附錄

簡介目錄
Product Code: MA8462

Overview

Global CF & CFRP (Carbon Fibers And Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) Market reached US$ 33.1 Billion in 2023 and is expected to reach US$ 84.9 Billion by 2031, growing with a CAGR of 12.5% during the forecast period 2024-2031.

The consumer electronics industry could potentially open up a major avenue of growth for the global market. In December 2023, the Chinese consumer electronic giant Lenovo announced that it was using recycled carbon fiber developed by Toray Industries Ltd, for fabricating the body of its popular ThinkPad series of laptops.

Overall recycling capacity hasn't grown much, even as demand for carbon fiber increases rapidly. As composites become more common in engineering applications, there is a glaring need to step up the usage of recycled and reclaimed composites. As long as the recycling capacity remains low, it will hamstring global market growth.

Dynamics

Increasing Adoption of Carbon Fiber in Aerospace Applications

Modern commercial airliners have substituted aluminum alloys for carbon fiber composites in their body structure. It helps in reducing weight and improving fuel efficiency. The new Airbus A350 and the Boeing 787 are the most prominent examples of this trend. Military aircraft are also making usage of composite materials since it improves the aircraft's stealth characteristics. The U.S.'s Lockheed Martin F-35, South Korea's KF-21 Boramae and Russia's Sukhoi Su-57 are some of the fifth generation stealth fighter jets which make use of composite materials.

Space launch vehicles are also utilizing carbon fiber composites for manufacturing payload fairings and fuel tanks. The Falcon 9 launch rocket of SpaceX makes extensive usage of carbon fiber composites for its propellant tanks and fairings. With private space companies becoming increasingly important players in the space launch industry, the demand for carbon fiber composites from the aerospace sector will continue to rise in the coming years.

Growth of Global Wind Energy Production

According to data from the international energy agency (IEA), global wind energy production increased by 14% in 2023 from the previous year to reach 906 GW. The global wind energy council (GWEC) further estimates that nearly 680 GW of new capacity will added over the next five years from 2023 to 2028. China is expected to account for nearly half of the total global wind energy capacity addition over this period.

Wind turbines are almost exclusively manufactured from carbon fiber composites in order to reduce overall weight and make transportation and installation relatively easier. Furthermore, composite usage ensures that there is no corrosion and that the wind turbine can remain operational throughout the seasons. The expansion of wind energy production will continue to generate significant demand during the forecast period.

Lack of Uniform Regulatory Standards

Since carbon fiber and its composites are relatively new materials, global regulatory guidelines and standards have not yet evolved in line with changing times. Unlike more mainstream materials like steel alloys, aluminum and titanium, there are currently no uniform international guidelines for material performance and standards. As a result, each manufacturer devises his own standards.

The lack of uniform standards handicaps global market growth by preventing interoperability, as each end-user needs to re-verify the specifications to ensure that there are within bounds. Not only is it more time-consuming, but also prevents the industries from utilizing carbon fiber composites, instead preferring the safety of standardized materials like metal alloys.

Segment Analysis

The global CF & CFRP market is segmented based on source, precursor, resin, modulus, manufacturing process, end-user and region.

Virgin Carbon Fiber Will Continue to Remain the Main Source for CFRP Production

Since the application of carbon fiber and its derivatives is increasing in various engineering industries, the demand for virgin carbon fiber has grown over the past decade. A key advantages of using virgin carbon fiber is that its production can be scaled up rapidly, allowing producers to respond quickly to changes in demand dynamics. Also, anew production methods have led to a reduction in carbon fiber prices.

Modern recycling technologies have ensured that nearly 90% of carbon fiber can be reused without compromising its mechanical properties. However, there isn't a lot of recycled carbon fiber that can be utilized for industrial applications. It will take another decade of sustained demand growth to see an appreciable increase in the usage of recycled carbon fiber.

Geographical Penetration

Asia-Pacific Will Have the Fastest Market Growth

China is currently in the midst of a decades-long plan to increase the share of renewables within its energy mix. It is partially linked towards reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels. Chinese OEMs accounted for nearly 85% of the global production of onshore wind turbines in 2023. India also increased its installed capacity by 53% in 2023 and is expected to follow China by having the second-highest total capacity in the region.

Apart from wind energy, the aerospace sector in Asia-Pacific has witnessed a boom in demand for carbon fiber composites. India is set to launch its first manned space mission, Gaganyaan in mid to late 2025. Similarly, China has committed towards launching a manned lunar mission by early 2031. The expansion of national space programs will create major growth opportunities for the market over the long term.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

For manufacturers, the key challenge during the beginning of the pandemic was fulfilling existing orders, especially as lockdowns began to disrupt global trade. Research and development projects of the industry also began to suffer as most companies drastically slashed R&D budgets to stay afloat.

The pandemic period did lead to an overall decline in the market, however demand recovered strongly, especially in aerospace and electronics manufacturing industries. Companies are also devoting a large amount of capital towards accelerating high-value R&D. Overall, there will not be any negative implications in the long term for the global CF & CFRP market due to the pandemic.

Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis

The war has mostly impacted the markets for carbon fiber and its composites in Russia and Ukraine. Ukraine has experienced widespread devastation due to the war and hence, civilian demand for carbon fiber has been almost entirely wiped out. Currently, most demand is generated by Ukrainian military for air and naval drone manufacturing.

In Russia, the trade embargoes put in place by U.S. and EU have cutoff access to western-made carbon fiber supplies for domestic companies. To keep up defence production, many Russian companies are actively using shell corporations and routing shipping through third countries to source material from western companies. Furthermore, under a government directive, domestic producers have increased the production of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials.

By Source

  • Virgin Carbon Fiber
  • Recycled Carbon Fiber

By Precursor

  • Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
  • Pitch
  • Rayon
  • Bio-Based
  • Others

By Resin

  • Thermosetting CFRP
  • Thermoplastic CFRP

By Modulus

  • Standard
  • Intermediate
  • High

By Manufacturing Process

  • Lay-up
  • Compression Molding
  • Resin Transfer Molding
  • Filament Winding
  • Pultrusion
  • Injection Molding
  • Others

By End-User

  • Aerospace & Defense
  • Wind Energy
  • Automotive & Transportation
  • Sporting Goods
  • Building & Construction
  • Electrical & Electronics
  • Marine
  • Medical
  • Others

By Region

  • North America
    • U.S.
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • France
    • Italy
    • Spain
    • Rest of Europe
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Rest of South America
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

  • In February 2024, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), a major U.S. research lab, announced the development of a new carbon fiber composite developed entirely from recycled carbon fiber.
  • In April 2024, Feize Composites, a Chinese composite materials manufacturer, unveiled a medical bed board completely manufactured from carbon fiber reinforced composites.
  • In April 2024, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) announced the development of a new carbon fiber composite reinforced by 'nano stitching'. Such reinforcement would significantly improve the mechanical properties of the material and lead to its eventual adoption for high-performance aerospace applications.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the market include Toray Industries Ltd., Teijin Limited, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Hexcel Corporation, Solvay SA, SGL Carbon, Kureha Corporation, Hyosung Advanced Materials, Jilin Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd. and Jiangsu Hengshen Co., Ltd.

Why Purchase the Report?

  • To visualize the global CF & CFRP market segmentation based on source, precursor, resin, modulus, manufacturing process, end-user and region, as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
  • Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
  • Excel data sheet with numerous data points of CF & CFRP market-level with all segments.
  • PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
  • Product mapping available as excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global CF & CFRP market report would provide approximately 86 tables, 93 figures and 210 Pages.

Target Audience 2024

  • Aerospace Companies
  • Renewable Energy Companies
  • Electronics Manufacturers
  • Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
  • Research Professionals

Table of Contents

1.Methodology and Scope

  • 1.1.Research Methodology
  • 1.2.Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2.Definition and Overview

3.Executive Summary

  • 3.1.Snippet by Source
  • 3.2.Snippet by Precursor
  • 3.3.Snippet by Resin
  • 3.4.Snippet by Manufacturing Process
  • 3.5.Snippet by End-User
  • 3.6.Snippet by Region

4.Dynamics

  • 4.1.Impacting Factors
    • 4.1.1.Drivers
      • 4.1.1.1.Increasing adoption of carbon fiber in aerospace applications
      • 4.1.1.2.Growth of global wind energy production
    • 4.1.2.Restraints
      • 4.1.2.1.Lack of uniform regulatory standards
    • 4.1.3.Opportunity
    • 4.1.4.Impact Analysis

5.Industry Analysis

  • 5.1.Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 5.2.Supply Chain Analysis
  • 5.3.Pricing Analysis
  • 5.4.Regulatory Analysis
  • 5.5.Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis
  • 5.6.DMI Opinion

6.COVID-19 Analysis

  • 6.1.Analysis of COVID-19
    • 6.1.1.Scenario Before COVID-19
    • 6.1.2.Scenario During COVID-19
    • 6.1.3.Scenario Post COVID-19
  • 6.2.Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
  • 6.3.Demand-Supply Spectrum
  • 6.4.Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
  • 6.5.Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
  • 6.6.Conclusion

7.By Source

  • 7.1.Introduction
    • 7.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
    • 7.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Source
  • 7.2.Virgin Carbon Fiber*
    • 7.2.1.Introduction
    • 7.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 7.3.Recycled Carbon Fiber

8.By Precursor

  • 8.1.Introduction
    • 8.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Precursor
    • 8.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Precursor
  • 8.2.Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)*
    • 8.2.1.Introduction
    • 8.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 8.3.Petroleum Pitch
  • 8.4.Rayon
  • 8.5.Bio-Based
  • 8.6.Others

9.By Resin

  • 9.1.Introduction
    • 9.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Resin
    • 9.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Resin
  • 9.2.Thermosetting CFRP*
    • 9.2.1.Introduction
    • 9.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 9.3.Thermoplastic CFRP
  • 9.4.High Power

10.By Modulus

  • 10.1.Introduction
    • 10.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Resin
    • 10.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Resin
  • 10.2.Standard*
    • 10.2.1.Introduction
    • 10.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 10.3.Intermediate
  • 10.4.High

11.By Manufacturing Process

  • 11.1.Introduction
    • 11.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Manufacturing Process
    • 11.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Manufacturing Process
  • 11.2.Lay-up*
    • 11.2.1.Introduction
    • 11.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 11.3.Compression Molding
  • 11.4.Resin Transfer Molding
  • 11.5.Filament Winding
  • 11.6.Pultrusion
  • 11.7.Injection Molding
  • 11.8.Others

12.By End-User

  • 12.1.Introduction
    • 12.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 12.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By End-User
  • 12.2.Aerospace & Defense*
    • 12.2.1.Introduction
    • 12.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 12.3.Wind Energy
  • 12.4.Automotive & Transportation
  • 12.5.Sporting Goods
  • 12.6.Building & Construction
  • 12.7.Electrical & Electronics
  • 12.8.Marine
  • 12.9.Medical
  • 12.10.Others

13.By Region

  • 13.1.Introduction
    • 13.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
    • 13.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
  • 13.2.North America
    • 13.2.1.Introduction
    • 13.2.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.2.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
    • 13.2.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Precursor
    • 13.2.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Resin
    • 13.2.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Modulus
    • 13.2.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Manufacturing Process
    • 13.2.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 13.2.9.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 13.2.9.1.U.S.
      • 13.2.9.2.Canada
      • 13.2.9.3.Mexico
  • 13.3.Europe
    • 13.3.1.Introduction
    • 13.3.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.3.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
    • 13.3.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Precursor
    • 13.3.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Resin
    • 13.3.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Modulus
    • 13.3.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Manufacturing Process
    • 13.3.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 13.3.9.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 13.3.9.1.Germany
      • 13.3.9.2.UK
      • 13.3.9.3.France
      • 13.3.9.4.Italy
      • 13.3.9.5.Spain
      • 13.3.9.6.Rest of Europe
  • 13.4.South America
    • 13.4.1.Introduction
    • 13.4.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.4.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
    • 13.4.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Precursor
    • 13.4.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Resin
    • 13.4.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Modulus
    • 13.4.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Manufacturing Process
    • 13.4.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 13.4.9.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 13.4.9.1.Brazil
      • 13.4.9.2.Argentina
      • 13.4.9.3.Rest of South America
  • 13.5.Asia-Pacific
    • 13.5.1.Introduction
    • 13.5.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.5.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
    • 13.5.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Precursor
    • 13.5.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Resin
    • 13.5.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Modulus
    • 13.5.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Manufacturing Process
    • 13.5.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 13.5.9.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 13.5.9.1.China
      • 13.5.9.2.India
      • 13.5.9.3.Japan
      • 13.5.9.4.Australia
      • 13.5.9.5.Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 13.6.Middle East and Africa
    • 13.6.1.Introduction
    • 13.6.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.6.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
    • 13.6.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Precursor
    • 13.6.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Resin
    • 13.6.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Modulus
    • 13.6.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Manufacturing Process
    • 13.6.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 13.6.9.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Manufacturing Process
    • 13.6.10.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User

14.Competitive Landscape

  • 14.1.Competitive Scenario
  • 14.2.Market Positioning/Share Analysis
  • 14.3.Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

15.Company Profiles

  • 15.1.Toray Industries Ltd.*
    • 15.1.1.Company Overview
    • 15.1.2.Product Portfolio and Description
    • 15.1.3.Financial Overview
    • 15.1.4.Key Developments
  • 15.2.Teijin Limited
  • 15.3.Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
  • 15.4.Hexcel Corporation
  • 15.5.Solvay SA
  • 15.6.SGL Carbon
  • 15.7.Kureha Corporation
  • 15.8.Hyosung Advanced Materials
  • 15.9.Jilin Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.
  • 15.10.Jiangsu Hengshen Co., Ltd.

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

16.Appendix

  • 16.1.About Us and Services
  • 16.2.Contact Us