全球水處理化學品市場 - 2024 - 2031

報告概述

全球水處理化學品市場2023年達到367億美元，預計2031年將達504億美元，2024-2031年預測期間複合年成長率為4.1%。

將化學品整合到水處理過程中，以提高水對各種最終用途的適用性，包括飲用、烹飪、灌溉和其他工業活動。清單中包含的三種物質是焦亞硫酸鈉、氯化鐵和六偏磷酸鈉 (SHMP)。化學工業採用一系列水處理技術，包括物理和化學過程，以消除沙子、礦物質、細菌、病毒和其他污染物等物質。

水是家庭的重要資源，並在最終用途行業中有許多應用，因此對水處理以促進再利用和回收產生了巨大的需求。預計人口成長和工業活動導致的用水需求不斷成長將推動全球市場的發展。

北美收集的廢水 95% 以上都經過處理和隨後的回收利用，因此為水處理化學品製造商提供了一個充滿前景的市場。發電、製藥以及食品和飲料行業對處理水的需求不斷成長，大大推動了市場的擴張。

市場動態

都市化和人口成長推動城市的需求

城市化和人口擴張導致對市政供水設施的更高需求。公共當局必須對水進行處理，以確保其飲用安全，而水處理化學品對此過程至關重要。此外，大都市地區的擴張導致工業和生活廢水量增加，因此需要實施複雜的水處理方法。

大都市的發展往往伴隨著人口的快速成長以及家庭消費、商業營運和政府服務等多種用途的用水量的相應增加。隨著城市的擴張，保證新興城市人口的永續性和安全性的必要性越來越大。

此外，市政當局有責任確保為其居民提供未受污染和安全的飲用水。大都會地區人口集中度的增加加劇了與水的取得、處理和分配有關的困難。水化學物質是城市水處理程序的重要組成部分，在去除水源中的污染物和病原體方面發揮著至關重要的作用。

替代處理技術和永續性的影響

水處理技術的日益普及和補充處理技術的存在將阻礙該行業的擴張。同時，對環保配方的要求和易受專利侵權的影響將阻礙其擴張。替代水處理技術是指新穎且環保的水淨化方法，包括先進的過濾系統、薄膜技術和快速發展的非化學處理技術。

尋求生態和成本效益解決方案的工業和市政實體通常會被這些選擇所吸引，這些選擇不同於傳統的基於化學的水處理方法。例如，薄膜過濾提供了一種不含化學物質的方法，可大幅減少環境足跡。此外，紫外線 (UV) 和電化學技術因其在無需添加化學物質的情況下消毒的有效性而日益得到認可。

細分市場分析

全球水處理化學品市場根據類型、應用、最終用戶、來源和地區進行細分。

混凝劑和絮凝劑主導市場

隨著農民越來越意識到孕育劑在提高生產利潤方面的諸多優勢，對孕育劑的需求急劇成長。在農業領域，接種劑的發展受到其提高土壤品質和促進作物生長的能力的推動。青貯飼料接種劑是指含有乳酸（一種厭氧細菌）的添加物。

青貯飼料接種劑廣泛用於增強和控制發酵過程。這種接種劑的主要應用是青貯飼料的生產，因為它有效地限制了乾物質和營養成分的消耗。青貯飼料接種劑是澳洲廣泛使用的水處理化學品的主要類別。接種劑對於產生令人愉悅的香氣至關重要。

為了提高農業產量而對有機投入的需求不斷增加，推動了孕育劑市場的擴張。在農業中擴大使用接種劑來培育具有抗生物脅迫能力的作物。此外，包括印度在內的幾個新興國家政府正在為農民過渡到有機和永續農業方法提供援助。

市場地域佔有率

北美不斷發展的石油和天然氣工業

水力壓裂技術的最新發展導致非常規能源資源的開採量增加，包括頁岩氣和緻密油，主要集中在北美的北達科他州和西德克薩斯地理區域。因此，上游石油和天然氣產業對水處理設施的需求不斷增加。

根據國際貿易管理局（ITA）的說法，美國在能源的生產、利用和分配方面佔據著突出的地位，這主要歸功於熱電廠的存在。美國電力產業對處理生活廢水的處理化學品的需求不斷增加，可能會對預期的市場成長產生正面影響。

市場競爭格局

市場的主要全球參與者包括 BASF SE、Ecolab、Kemira、Kurita Water Industries Ltd.、Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.、American Water Chemicals, Inc.、Lenntech BV、Thermax Limited、Hydrite Chemical 和 Dow。

俄烏戰爭影響分析

俄羅斯-烏克蘭戰爭對水處理化學品市場產生了重大影響，特別是在烏克蘭。衝突導致與水有關的基礎設施遭到廣泛破壞，包括處理廠和污水管網，導致水系統中的污染物排放增加。由於 35-40% 的城市處理廠遭到破壞，未經處理的城市廢物進入河流的數量大幅增加，特別是第聶伯河流域，該盆地擁有烏克蘭全國 80% 的水資源。

隨著減輕環境退化的力度加大，污染的增加推動了對水處理化學品的需求。此外，污染源轉向直接輸入未經處理的城市廢棄物，進一步提高了對有效水處理解決方案的需求。由於基礎設施受損，衝突導致流入第聶伯河的營養物質、止痛藥、抗菌劑和微塑膠等各種污染物增加了2%至34%。

不斷上升的污染物水平凸顯了水處理化學物質在應對因戰爭而加劇的日益嚴峻的環境挑戰方面的關鍵作用。因此，這些化學物質的市場需求可能會增加，特別是在受衝突影響最嚴重的地區。

按類型

緩蝕劑

阻垢劑

殺菌劑和消毒劑

混凝劑和絮凝劑

螯合劑

消泡劑

pH調節劑與穩定劑

其他

按申請

鍋爐水處理

冷卻水處理

原水處理

海水淡化

其他

按最終用戶

住宅

商業的

工業的

按來源

合成的

生物基

按地區

北美洲

我們

加拿大

墨西哥

歐洲

德國

英國

法國

義大利

西班牙

歐洲其他地區

南美洲

巴西

阿根廷

南美洲其他地區

亞太

中國

印度

日本

澳洲

亞太其他地區

中東和非洲

主要進展

到 2023 年 10 月，索理思獲得了位於喬治亞州錫達敦的 CedarChem 總部的所有權。 CedarChem 提供專為工業和市政部門設計的廣泛的水和廢水處理解決方案，主要專注於滿足美國南部地區的需求。透過本次交易，該公司增強了其在美國的市場地位。

Kemira 是一家面向水密集型產業的化學解決方案提供商，於2023 年1 月完成了對SimAnalytics 的全面收購。以有效地幫助其客戶的企業。

2022年9月，蘇伊士推出了2027年策略，目標是成為水和廢棄物管理循環解決方案的可靠合作者。該公司的策略強調其致力於透過提供成熟的解決方案、促進創新和增強投資能力來創造價值。

為了實現這一目標，公司製定了明確且雄心勃勃的成長計劃，目標是到 2027 年銷售額每年成長 4% 至 5%。發展承諾。

為什麼購買報告？

根據類型、應用、最終用戶、來源和地區可視化全球水處理化學品市場細分，並了解關鍵商業資產和參與者。

透過分析趨勢和共同開發來識別商業機會。

Excel資料表包含水處理化學品市場所有細分市場的大量資料點。

PDF 報告由詳盡的質性訪談和深入研究後的綜合分析組成。

產品映射以 Excel 形式提供，包含所有主要參與者的關鍵產品。

全球水處理化學品市場報告將提供約 70 個表格、68 個圖表和 215 頁。

2024 年目標受眾

製造商/買家

產業投資者/投資銀行家

研究專業人員

新興公司

目錄

第 1 章：方法與範圍

第 2 章：定義與概述

第 3 章：執行摘要

第 4 章：動力學

• 影響因素
  • 促進要素
    • 都市化和人口成長推動城市需求
  • 限制
    • 替代處理技術和永續性的影響
  • 機會
  • 影響分析

第 5 章：產業分析

• 波特五力分析
• 供應鏈分析
• 定價分析
• 監管分析
• 俄烏戰爭影響分析
• DMI 意見

第 6 章：按類型

• 緩蝕劑
• 阻垢劑
• 殺菌劑和消毒劑
• 混凝劑和絮凝劑
• 螯合劑
• 消泡劑
• pH調節劑與穩定劑
• 其他

第 7 章：按申請

• 鍋爐水處理
• 冷卻水處理
• 原水處理
• 海水淡化
• 其他

第 8 章：最終用戶

• 住宅
• 商業的
• 工業的

第 9 章：按來源

• 合成的
• 生物基

第 10 章：按地區

• 北美洲
  • 美國
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥
• 歐洲
  • 德國
  • 英國
  • 法國
  • 義大利
  • 西班牙
  • 歐洲其他地區
• 南美洲
  • 巴西
  • 阿根廷
  • 南美洲其他地區
• 亞太
  • 中國
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 澳洲
  • 亞太其他地區
• 中東和非洲

第 11 章：競爭格局

• 競爭場景
• 市場定位/佔有率分析
• 併購分析

第 12 章：公司簡介

• BASF SE
• 公司概況
• 產品組合和描述
• 財務概覽
• 主要進展
• Ecolab
• Kemira
• Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
• Air Products and Chemicals, Inc
• American Water Chemicals, Inc.
• Lenntech BV
• Thermax Limited
• Hydrite Chemical
• Dow (*LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE)

第 13 章：附錄

Report Overview

Global Water Treatment Chemicals Market reached US$ 36.7 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach US$ 50.4 billion by 2031, growing with a CAGR of 4.1% during the forecast period 2024-2031.

Chemicals are integrated into the water treatment process to enhance the suitability of water for various end-uses, including drinking, cooking, irrigation and other industrial activities. Three substances included in the list are sodium metabisulfite, ferric chloride and Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP). The chemical industry employs a range of water treatment techniques, including both physical and chemical processes, to eliminate agents such as sand, minerals, germs, viruses and other contaminants.

Water, being a vital resource for families and having many applications in end-use industries, has generated a significant need for water treatment to facilitate reuse and recycling. Forecasted to propel the market worldwide is the rising need for water consumption resulting from population growth and industrial activities.

More than 95% of the wastewater collected in North America undergoes treatment and subsequent recycling, so presenting a promising prospective market for manufacturers of water treatment chemicals. The growing need for treated water from the power generation, pharmaceuticals and food and beverage sectors is greatly driving market expansion.

Market Dynamics

Urbanization And Population Growth Drive The Demand In Municipalities

Urbanization and population expansion lead to higher demands for municipal water utilities. Public authorities must treat water to guarantee its safety for drinking and water treatment chemicals are essential to this procedure. Furthermore, the expansion of metropolitan areas leads to increased quantities of industrial and residential wastewater, thereby requiring the implementation of sophisticated water treatment methods.

Metropolitan development is frequently accompanied by a rapid increase in population and a corresponding escalation in water usage for diverse purposes including household consumption, commercial operations and governmental services. As cities undergo expansion, there arises an increased imperative to guarantee sustainability and safety for the burgeoning urban populace.

Furthermore, municipalities have the responsibility of ensuring the provision of uncontaminated and secure drinking water to their inhabitants. The increase in population concentration in metropolitan regions intensifies the difficulties related to the acquisition, processing and distribution of water. Hydrochemicals are essential constituents of municipal water treatment procedures, playing a crucial role in the removal of pollutants and pathogens from the water source.

Impact of Alternative Treatment Technologies And Sustainability

The increasing proliferation of water treatment techniques and the existence of complementary treatment technologies will impede the expansion of the industry. Concurrently, the requirement for environmentally-friendly formulations and vulnerability to patent infringement will hinder its expansion. Alternative water treatment technologies refer to novel and environmentally friendly methods for purifying water, including sophisticated filtration systems, membrane technologies and rapidly developing non-chemical treatment techniques.

Industrial and municipal entities seeking ecological and cost-effective solutions are typically drawn to these options, which diverge from conventional chemical-based water treatment methods. Membrane filtration, for example, provides a chemical-free method that considerably minimises the environmental footprint. Furthermore, ultraviolet (UV) and electrochemical techniques are increasingly being recognized for their effectiveness in disinfection without the need of chemical additions.

Market Segment Analysis

The global water treatment chemicals market is segmented based on type, application, End-User, source and region.

Coagulants And Flocculants Dominated The Market

The demand for inoculants is rising dramatically as farmers become more aware of the several advantages provided by inoculants in enhancing production profitability. In the field of agriculture, the development of inoculants has been driven by their capacity to enhance soil quality and promote crop growth. Silage inoculants refer to additions that contain lactic acid, a type of anaerobic bacterium.

Silage inoculants are extensively employed to enhance and control the fermentation process. The primary application of this inoculant is in the production of forage silage since it effectively restricts the depletion of dry matter and nutritional content. Silage inoculants are the primary category of water treatment chemicals extensively utilised in Australia. Inoculants are vital for generating a pleasant aroma.

Increasing demand for organic inputs to enhance agricultural yield is driving the expansion of the inoculants market. There has been a rise in the usage of inoculants in agriculture to cultivate crops that possess resistance to anabiotic stress. Furthermore, governments of several emerging nations, including India, are providing assistance to farmers in transitioning to organic and sustainable agriculture methods.

Market Geographical Share

Growing Oil And Gas Industry In North America

Recent developments in hydraulic fracturing technology have resulted in a rise in the extraction of unconventional energy resources, including shale gas and tight oil, mainly in the North Dakota and West Texas geographical areas of North America. Hence, there has been an increasing need for water treatment facilities in the upstream oil and gas industry.

As to the International Trade Administration (ITA), US holds a prominent position in the generation, utilization and distribution of energy, mostly due to the existence of thermoelectric power plants. Anticipated market growth is likely to be influenced positively by the increasing demand for treatment chemicals from US power industry to treat domestic wastewater.

Market Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the market include BASF SE, Ecolab, Kemira, Kurita Water Industries Ltd., Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., American Water Chemicals, Inc., Lenntech B.V., Thermax Limited, Hydrite Chemical and Dow.

Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis

The Russian-Ukrainian war has significantly impacted the water treatment chemicals market, particularly in Ukraine. The conflict has led to extensive damage to water-related infrastructure, including treatment plants and sewage connections, resulting in increased pollutant release into water systems. With 35-40% of urban treatment plants damaged, there has been a substantial rise in untreated urban waste entering rivers, particularly the Dnipro Basin, which holds 80% of Ukraine's national water resources.

The increased pollution has driven demand for water treatment chemicals as efforts to mitigate environmental degradation intensify. Moreover, the shift in pollution sources towards direct inputs of untreated urban waste has further heightened the need for effective water treatment solutions. The conflict has caused an increase of 2-34% in various pollutants, such as nutrients, painkillers, antibacterial agents and microplastics, into the Dnipro River due to damaged infrastructure.

The rising pollutant levels underscore the critical role of water treatment chemicals in addressing the growing environmental challenges exacerbated by the war. As a result, the market for these chemicals is likely experiencing increased demand, particularly in regions most affected by the conflict.

By Type

Corrosion inhibitors

Scale inhibitors

Biocides & disinfectants

Coagulants & flocculants

Chelating agents

Anti-foaming agents

pH adjusters and stabilizers

Others

By Application

Boiler water treatment

Cooling water treatment

Raw water treatment

Water Desalination

Others

By End-User

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

By Source

Synthetic

Bio-based

By Region

North America

US

Canada

Mexico

Europe

Germany

UK

France

Italy

Spain

Rest of Europe

South America

Brazil

Argentina

Rest of South America

Asia-Pacific

China

India

Japan

Australia

Rest of Asia-Pacific

Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

By October 2023, Solenis obtained ownership of CedarChem's headquarters located in Cedartown, Georgia. CedarChem offers an extensive selection of water and wastewater treatment solutions specifically designed for industrial and municipal sectors, with a main emphasis on catering to the southern Region of US. Through this transaction, the corporation has enhanced its market position in US.

The full acquisition of SimAnalytics was finalized by Kemira, a chemical solutions provider catering to water-intensive sectors, in January 2023. Implementing this strategic decision strengthens Kemira's capacity to offer data-driven predictive services and machine learning solutions to efficiently assist its clients' enterprises.

In September 2022, SUEZ introduced its strategic strategy for the year 2027, which set forth its goal to establish itself as a reliable collaborator in circular solutions for water and waste management. The company's strategy highlights its dedication to generating value by offering established solutions, fostering innovation and strengthening investment capabilities.

To achieve this goal, the company has established a well-defined and ambitious growth plan, aiming for a yearly increase in sales of 4 to 5 percent by 2027. This aim will be bolstered by substantial financial resources and a remarkable 50 percent surge in research and development commitments.

Why Purchase the Report?

To visualize the global water treatment chemicals market segmentation based on type, application, end-user, source and region, as well as understand key commercial assets and players.

Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.

Excel data sheet with numerous data points of the water treatment chemicals market with all segments.

PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.

Product mapping available as Excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global water treatment chemicals market report would provide approximately 70 tables, 68 figures and 215 pages.

Target Audience 2024

Manufacturers/ Buyers

Industry Investors/Investment Bankers

Research Professionals

Emerging Companies

Table of Contents

1. Methodology and Scope

• 1.1. Research Methodology
• 1.2. Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2. Definition and Overview

3. Executive Summary

• 3.1. Snippet by Type
• 3.2. Snippet by Application
• 3.3. Snippet by End-User
• 3.4. Snippet by Source
• 3.5. Snippet by Region

4. Dynamics

• 4.1. Impacting Factors
  • 4.1.1. Drivers
    • 4.1.1.1. Urbanization and Population Growth Drive Demand in Municipalities
  • 4.1.2. Restraints
    • 4.1.2.1. Impact of Alternative Treatment Technologies and Sustainability
  • 4.1.3. Opportunity
  • 4.1.4. Impact Analysis

5. Industry Analysis

• 5.1. Porter's Five Force Analysis
• 5.2. Supply Chain Analysis
• 5.3. Pricing Analysis
• 5.4. Regulatory Analysis
• 5.5. Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis
• 5.6. DMI Opinion

6. By Type

• 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
  • 6.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Type
• 6.2. Corrosion inhibitors*
  • 6.2.1. Introduction
  • 6.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 6.3. Scale inhibitors
• 6.4. Biocides & disinfectants
• 6.5. Coagulants & flocculants
• 6.6. Chelating agents
• 6.7. Anti-foaming agents
• 6.8. pH adjusters and stabilizers
• 6.9. Others

7. By Application

• 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
  • 7.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Application
• 7.2. Boiler Water Treatment*
  • 7.2.1. Introduction
  • 7.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 7.3. Cooling Water Treatment
• 7.4. Raw Water Treatment
• 7.5. Water Desalination
• 7.6. Others

8. By End-User

• 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
  • 8.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By End-User
• 8.2. Residential*
  • 8.2.1. Introduction
  • 8.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 8.3. Commercial
• 8.4. Industrial

9. By Source

• 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
  • 9.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Source
• 9.2. Synthetic*
  • 9.2.1. Introduction
  • 9.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 9.3. Bio-based

10. By Region

• 10.1. Introduction
  • 10.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
  • 10.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
• 10.2. North America
  • 10.2.1. Introduction
  • 10.2.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 10.2.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
  • 10.2.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
  • 10.2.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
  • 10.2.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
  • 10.2.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 10.2.7.1. US
    • 10.2.7.2. Canada
    • 10.2.7.3. Mexico
• 10.3. Europe
  • 10.3.1. Introduction
  • 10.3.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 10.3.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
  • 10.3.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
  • 10.3.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
  • 10.3.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
  • 10.3.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 10.3.7.1. Germany
    • 10.3.7.2. UK
    • 10.3.7.3. France
    • 10.3.7.4. Italy
    • 10.3.7.5. Spain
    • 10.3.7.6. Rest of Europe
• 10.4. South America
  • 10.4.1. Introduction
  • 10.4.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 10.4.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
  • 10.4.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
  • 10.4.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
  • 10.4.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
  • 10.4.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 10.4.7.1. Brazil
    • 10.4.7.2. Argentina
    • 10.4.7.3. Rest of South America
• 10.5. Asia-Pacific
  • 10.5.1. Introduction
  • 10.5.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 10.5.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
  • 10.5.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
  • 10.5.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
  • 10.5.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source
  • 10.5.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 10.5.7.1. China
    • 10.5.7.2. India
    • 10.5.7.3. Japan
    • 10.5.7.4. Australia
    • 10.5.7.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
• 10.6. Middle East and Africa
  • 10.6.1. Introduction
  • 10.6.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 10.6.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
  • 10.6.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
  • 10.6.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
  • 10.6.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Source

11. Competitive Landscape

• 11.1. Competitive Scenario
• 11.2. Market Positioning/Share Analysis
• 11.3. Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

12. Company Profiles

• 12.1. BASF SE*
  • 12.1.1. Company Overview
  • 12.1.2. Product Portfolio and Description
  • 12.1.3. Financial Overview
  • 12.1.4. Key Developments
• 12.2. Ecolab
• 12.3. Kemira
• 12.4. Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
• 12.5. Air Products and Chemicals, Inc
• 12.6. American Water Chemicals, Inc.
• 12.7. Lenntech B.V.
• 12.8. Thermax Limited
• 12.9. Hydrite Chemical
• 12.10. Dow (*LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE)

13. Appendix

• 13.1. About Us and Services
• 13.2. Contact Us