首頁 > 市場調查報告書 > 能源/環境

市場調查報告書

商品編碼

1568991

全球永續化學品市場（2025-2035）

The Global Market for Sustainable Chemicals 2025-2035

出版日期: 2024年10月17日 | 出版商:

Future Markets, Inc. | 英文 1,002 Pages, 449 Tables, 149 Figures | 訂單完成後即時交付

價格

簡介目錄圖表

由於對永續性、技術進步和不斷變化的市場需求的需求，化學品的新時代代表了化學工業的範式轉移。這種轉變的特點是從化石原材料轉向再生、循環資源和最大限度地減少對環境影響的創新生產方法。

這個新時代的主要特徵如下。

永續原料：使用生物質、二氧化碳和廢棄物作為化學品生產的原料，減少對化石資源的依賴。
綠色化學：應用原則來減少或消除化學過程中有害物質的使用或產生。
循環經濟：最大限度地減少浪費並最大限度地提高資源效率。
電氣化：將再生電力整合到化學過程中，包括電催化和電化學合成。
數位化：利用人工智慧、機器學習和進階分析來最佳化流程並加速創新。

這個新時代涵蓋的科技領域如下：

生物精煉：將生物質轉化為各種有價值的化學品和材料。
二氧化碳利用：捕獲二氧化碳並將其轉化為化學品、燃料和材料。
先進催化：開發用於永續製程的高選擇性和高效催化劑。
合成生物學：利用再生原料生產化學品的微生物工程。
流動化學：連續製造製程可提高效率和控制力。
積層製造：透過 3D 列印客製化學品和材料的生產。
先進材料：開發永續高性能材料，例如生物塑膠和先進複合材料。
綠色溶劑：開發生物基和低環境影響溶劑來取代有害的傳統溶劑。
製程進步：設計更緊湊、更有效率的整合化學製程。
廢棄物利用：將廢棄物流轉化為有價值的化學品和材料。
化學設計中的人工智慧：將人工智慧和機器學習用於分子設計、製程最佳化和預測建模成為化學創新的重要市場領域。
個人化化學：包括為個人化醫療、化妝品和其他消費品開發客製化學品和材料。
量子化學：雖然仍然是一個新領域，但量子力學原理可用於開發有潛力徹底改變各個行業的新材料和化學過程。

這個化學新時代不僅意味著單獨的技術，還意味著將它們整合到一個整體和可持續的化學價值鏈中。預計它將創造新的經濟機會並減少化學工業的環境足跡，同時為應對全球挑戰提供創新的解決方案。

本報告審視並分析了全球永續化學品市場，提供了2025年至2035年趨勢、技術和市場機會的見解。

代謝工程
基因和DNA合成
基因合成與組裝
基因體工程
蛋白質/酵素工程
合成基因組學
庫存建置與最佳化
智慧生物過程
底盤生物學
仿生學
永續材料
機器人與自動化
生物資訊學與計算工具
異質生物學和擴展的遺傳字母表
生物感測器與生物電子學
原料

第12章綠色溶劑與替代反應介質

生物基溶劑
可切換溶劑
低共熔溶劑（DES）
工業應用中的超臨界流體
無溶劑反應與機械化學
溶劑選擇工具和框架
公司

第13章廢棄物加值與資源回收

從都市垃圾到化學品
農業廢棄物和食品廢棄物的加值
重要物質萃取技術
廢水處理與資源回收
採礦廢棄物的增值
公司

第14章能源效率與再生能源整合

化工廠的能源效率措施
熱回收與夾點分析
化學製造中的再生能源
面向製程工業的儲能技術
熱電聯產（CHP）系統
產業共生與能源融合

第15章安全與永續性評估

綠色化學指標與永續性指標
化學製程中的生命週期評估（LCA）
設計安全原則
評估和管理新化學技術的風險
環境影響評價
化學新時代的社會與道德考慮

第16章法規政策

全球化學品法規及其演變
促進永續化學的環境政策
綠色化學的激勵與支持機制
監管新科技面臨的挑戰
國際合作與協調努力

第17章市場與產品

永續材料、聚合物
永續農業化學品
永續建築材料
永續包裝
綠色化妝品、個人護理品
生物基環保油漆與塗料
綠色電子產品
永續紡織品和纖維
替代燃料、潤滑油
綠色醫藥、醫療保健
用於3D列印的先進材料
化學設計中的人工智慧
量子化學的應用

第18章經濟面與商業模式

永續化學技術的成本競爭力
綠色化學投資趨勢
循環經濟的新商業模式
市場動態與消費者偏好
知識產權注意事項
個案研究

第19章未來展望與新趨勢

生物、奈米與 IT 的融合
化學研發中的量子計算
在太空製造化學品
人工光合作用與太陽能燃料
個人化按需化學品製造
化學在實現淨零排放方面的作用
循環經濟解決方案
人工智慧和數位化的影響
量子化學的前景

第20章附錄

第21章參考文獻

簡介目錄圖表

The new era of chemicals represents a paradigm shift in the chemical industry, driven by the need for sustainability, technological advancements, and changing market demands. This transformation is characterized by a move away from fossil-based feedstocks towards renewable and circular resources, coupled with innovative production methods that minimize environmental impact.

Key aspects of this new era include:

Sustainable Feedstocks: Utilization of biomass, CO2, and waste materials as raw materials for chemical production, reducing dependence on fossil resources.
Green Chemistry: Application of principles that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances in chemical processes.
Circular Economy: Design of chemical products and processes for reuse, recycling, and upcycling, minimizing waste and maximizing resource efficiency.
Electrification: Integration of renewable electricity in chemical processes, including electrocatalysis and electrochemical synthesis.
Digitalization: Use of AI, machine learning, and advanced analytics to optimize processes and accelerate innovation.

Technology areas covered in this new era include:

Biorefining: Converting biomass into a spectrum of valuable chemicals and materials.
CO2 Utilization: Capturing and converting CO2 into chemicals, fuels, and materials.
Advanced Catalysis: Developing highly selective and efficient catalysts for sustainable processes.
Synthetic Biology: Engineering microorganisms to produce chemicals from renewable feedstocks.
Flow Chemistry: Continuous manufacturing processes for improved efficiency and control.
Additive Manufacturing: 3D printing of chemicals and materials for customized production.
Advanced Materials: Developing sustainable, high-performance materials like bioplastics and advanced composites.
Green Solvents: Creating bio-based and low-impact solvents to replace harmful traditional solvents.
Process Intensification: Designing more compact, efficient, and integrated chemical processes.
Waste Valorization: Converting waste streams into valuable chemicals and materials.
Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Design: The use of AI and machine learning for molecular design, process optimization, and predictive modeling is becoming a significant market area in chemical innovation.
Personalized Chemistry: This includes the development of customized chemicals and materials for personalized medicine, cosmetics, and other consumer products.
Quantum Chemistry: Although still emerging, this field uses quantum mechanical principles to develop new materials and chemical processes, potentially revolutionizing various industries.

This new era of chemicals is not just about individual technologies but their integration into holistic, sustainable chemical value chains. It promises to deliver innovative solutions to global challenges while creating new economic opportunities and reducing the environmental footprint of the chemical industry. This report analyzes the sustainable chemicals market, offering insights into trends, technologies, and market opportunities from 2025 to 2035.

Report contents include:

Market Drivers and Trends
Sustainable Feedstocks and Green Chemistry
Circular Economy in the Chemical Industry
Emerging Technologies and Manufacturing Processes
- Electrification of chemical processes
- Digitalization and Industry 4.0 applications
- Advanced manufacturing technologies
- Biorefining and industrial biotechnology
- CO2 utilization technologies
- Advanced catalysts
- Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering
Market Segments and Applications:
- Sustainable materials and polymers
- Green solvents and process chemicals
- Sustainable agriculture chemicals
- Renewable energy technologies
- Sustainable construction materials
- Green cosmetics and personal care products
- Sustainable packaging
- Eco-friendly paints and coatings
- Green electronics
- Sustainable textiles and fibers
- Alternative fuels and lubricants
- Pharmaceuticals and healthcare applications
- Water treatment and purification solutions
- Carbon capture and utilization products
- Industrial biotechnology products
- Advanced materials for 3D printing
Regulatory Landscape and Policy Analysis
Economic Aspects and Business Models
Future Outlook and Emerging Trends
Company Profiles and Competitive Landscape-profiles of over 1,000 key players in the sustainable chemicals market, analyzing their strategies, products, and market positions. Companies profiled include Aanika Biosciences, ACCUREC-Recycling GmbH, Aduro Clean Technologies, Aemetis, Agra Energy, Agilyx, Air Company, Aircela, Algenol, Allozymes, Alpha Biofuels, AM Green, Amyris, Andritz, APChemi, Apeiron Bioenergy, Aperam BioEnergia, Applied Research Associates (ARA), Aralez Bio, Arcadia eFuels, Ascend Elements, ASB Biodiesel, Atmonia, Avalon BioEnergy, Avantium, Avioxx, BANiQL, BASF, BBCA Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid, BBGI, BDI-BioEnergy International, BEE Biofuel, Benefuel, Bio2Oil, Bio-Oils, Biofibre GmbH, Bioform Technologies, Biofine Technology, Biofy, BiogasClean, BIOD Energy, Biojet, Biokemik, BIOLO, BioLogiQ, Inc., Biome Bioplastics, Biomass Resin Holdings Co., Ltd., Biomatter, BIO-FED, BIO-LUTIONS International AG, Bioplastech Ltd, BioSmart Nano, BIOTEC GmbH & Co. KG, Biovectra, Biovox GmbH, BlockTexx Pty Ltd., Bloom Biorenewables, Blue BioFuels, Blue Ocean Closures, BlueAlp Technology, Bluepha Beijing Lanjing Microbiology Technology Co., Ltd., BOBST, Borealis AG, Braskem, Braven Environmental, Brightmark Energy, Brightplus Oy, bse Methanol, BTG Bioliquids, Bucha Bio, Business Innovation Partners Co., Ltd., Buyo, Byogy Renewables, C1 Green Chemicals, Caphenia, Carbiolice, Carbios, Carbonade, CarbonBridge, Carbon Collect, Carbon Engineering, Carbon Infinity, Carbon Neutral Fuels, Carbon Recycling International, Carbon Sink, Carbyon, Cardia Bioplastics Ltd., CARAPAC Company, Cargill, Cascade Biocatalysts, Cass Materials Pty Ltd, Cassandra Oil, Casterra Ag, Celanese Corporation, Celtic Renewables, Cellugy, Cellutech AB (Stora Enso), Cereal Process Technologies (CPT), CERT Systems, CF Industries Holdings, Chemkey Advanced Materials Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Chemol Company (Seydel), Chitose Bio Evolution, Circla Nordic, Cirba Solutions, CJ Biomaterials, Inc., CleanJoule, Climeworks, Coastgrass ApS, CNF Biofuel, Concord Blue Engineering, Constructive Bio, Cool Planet Energy Systems, Corumat, Inc., Corsair Group International, Coval Energy, Crimson Renewable Energy, Cruz Foam, Cryotech, CuanTec Ltd., Cyclic Materials, C-Zero, Daicel Polymer Ltd., Daio Paper Corporation, Danimer Scientific, D-CRBN, Debut Biotechnology, DIC Corporation, DIC Products, Inc., Diamond Green Diesel, Dimensional Energy, Dioxide Materials, Dioxycle, DKS Co. Ltd., Domsjo Fabriker, Dow, Inc., DuFor Resins B.V., DuPont, Earthodic Pty Ltd., EarthForm, EcoCeres, Eco Environmental, Eco Fuel Technology, Ecomann Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ecoshell, Electro-Active Technologies, Eligo Bioscience, Enim, Enginzyme AB, Enzymit, Erebagen, EV Biotech, eversyn, Evolutor, FabricNano, FlexSea, Floreon, Gevo, Ginkgo Bioworks, Heraeus Remloy, HyProMag, Hyfe, Invizyne Technologies, JPM Silicon GmbH, LanzaTech, Librec AG, Lygos, MagREEsource, Mammoth Biosciences, MetaCycler BioInnovations, Mi Terro, NeoMetals, Noveon Magnetics, Novozymes A/S, NTx, Origin Materials, Phoenix Tailings, PlantSwitch, Posco, Pow.bio, Protein Evolution, REEtec, Rivalia Chemical, Samsara Eco, SiTration, Solugen, Sumitomo and Summit Nanotech, Synthego, Taiwan Bio-Manufacturing Corp. (TBMC), Teijin Limited, Twist Bioscience, Uluu, Van Heron Labs, Verde Bioresins, Versalis, Xampla and more....
Market Forecasts and Data Analysis

This report is relevant for:

Chemical industry executives and strategists
Sustainability officers and environmental managers
Investors and financial analysts
R&D professionals
Policy makers and regulatory bodies
Environmental NGOs
Academic researchers

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1. The Need for a New Era in the Chemical Industry
1.2. Defining the New Era of Chemicals
1.3. Global Drivers and Trends
1.4. The Changing Landscape of the Chemical Industry
- 1.4.1. Historical Context: From Coal to Oil to Renewables
- 1.4.2. Current State of the Global Chemical Industry
- 1.4.3. Environmental Challenges and Regulatory Pressures
- 1.4.4. Shifting Consumer Demands and Market Dynamics
- 1.4.5. The Role of Digitalization and Industry 4.0
1.5. Emerging and Transforming Markets in the New Era of Chemicals
- 1.5.1. Sustainable Agriculture Chemicals
- 1.5.2. Green Cosmetics and Personal Care
- 1.5.3. Sustainable Packaging
- 1.5.4. Eco-friendly Paints and Coatings
- 1.5.5. Alternative Fuels and Lubricants
- 1.5.6. Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare
- 1.5.7. Water Treatment and Purification
- 1.5.8. Carbon Capture and Utilization Products
- 1.5.9. Advanced Materials for 3D Printing
- 1.5.10. Sustainable Mining and Metallurgy

2. FEEDSTOCKS

2.1. Sustainable Feedstocks: The Foundation of the New Era
2.2. Overview of Sustainable Feedstock Options
2.3. Biomass as a Chemical Feedstock
- 2.3.1. Types of Biomass and Their Chemical Compositions
- 2.3.2. Pretreatment and Conversion Technologies
- 2.3.3. Challenges in Scaling Up Biomass Utilization
2.4. CO2 as a Carbon Source
- 2.4.1. CO2 Capture Technologies
- 2.4.2. Chemical Conversion Pathways for CO2
- 2.4.3. Economic and Technical Barriers to CO2 Utilization
2.5. Waste Valorization
- 2.5.1. Municipal Solid Waste as a Feedstock
- 2.5.2. Industrial Waste Streams and By-products
- 2.5.3. Plastic Waste Recycling and Upcycling
2.6. Renewable (Green) Hydrogen
- 2.6.1. Electrolysis Technologies
- 2.6.2. Integration of Renewable Energy in Hydrogen Production
- 2.6.3. Hydrogen's Role in Chemical Synthesis

3. GREEN CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS

3.1. The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry
3.2. Atom Economy and Step Economy in Synthesis
3.3. Solvent Reduction and Green Solvents
- 3.3.1. Water as a Reaction Medium
- 3.3.2. Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents
- 3.3.3. Supercritical Fluids in Chemical Processes
3.4. Catalysis for Green Chemistry
- 3.4.1. Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering
- 3.4.2. Heterogeneous Catalysis Advancements
- 3.4.3. Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis
3.5. Green Metrics and Life Cycle Assessment in Chemistry

4. CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

4.1. Principles of Circular Economy
4.2. Design for Circularity in Chemical Products
4.3. Chemical Recycling Technologies
- 4.3.1. Applications
- 4.3.2. Pyrolysis
  - 4.3.2.1. Non-catalytic
  - 4.3.2.2. Catalytic
    - 4.3.2.2.1. Polystyrene pyrolysis
    - 4.3.2.2.2. Pyrolysis for production of bio fuel
    - 4.3.2.2.3. Used tires pyrolysis
      - 4.3.2.2.3.1. Conversion to biofuel
    - 4.3.2.2.4. Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes
  - 4.3.2.3. Companies and capacities
- 4.3.3. Gasification
  - 4.3.3.1. Technology overview
    - 4.3.3.1.1. Syngas conversion to methanol
    - 4.3.3.1.2. Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
    - 4.3.3.1.3. Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
  - 4.3.3.2. Companies and capacities (current and planned)
- 4.3.4. Dissolution
  - 4.3.4.1. Technology overview
  - 4.3.4.2. Companies and capacities (current and planned)
- 4.3.5. Depolymerisation
  - 4.3.5.1. Hydrolysis
    - 4.3.5.1.1. Technology overview
  - 4.3.5.2. Enzymolysis
    - 4.3.5.2.1. Technology overview
  - 4.3.5.3. Methanolysis
    - 4.3.5.3.1. Technology overview
  - 4.3.5.4. Glycolysis
    - 4.3.5.4.1. Technology overview
  - 4.3.5.5. Aminolysis
    - 4.3.5.5.1. Technology overview
  - 4.3.5.6. Companies and capacities (current and planned)
- 4.3.6. Other advanced chemical recycling technologies
  - 4.3.6.1. Hydrothermal cracking
  - 4.3.6.2. Pyrolysis with in-line reforming
  - 4.3.6.3. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis
  - 4.3.6.4. Plasma pyrolysis
  - 4.3.6.5. Plasma gasification
  - 4.3.6.6. Supercritical fluids
4.4. Upcycling of Chemical Waste
4.5. Circular Business Models in the Chemical Sector
4.6. Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing Circularity
4.7. Companies

5. ELECTRIFICATION OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES

5.1. The Role of Renewable Electricity in Chemical Production
5.2. Electrochemical Synthesis
- 5.2.1. Electroorganic Synthesis
- 5.2.2. Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
- 5.2.3. Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation
5.3. Plasma Chemistry
5.4. Microwave-Assisted Chemistry
5.5. Integration of Power-to-X Technologies in Chemical Production

6. DIGITALIZATION AND INDUSTRY 4.0 IN CHEMISTRY

6.1. Big Data and Advanced Analytics in Chemical Research
6.2. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications
- 6.2.1. In Silico Design of Molecules and Materials
- 6.2.2. Process Optimization and Predictive Maintenance
- 6.2.3. Automated Synthesis and High-Throughput Experimentation
6.3. Digital Twins in Chemical Plant Operations
6.4. Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency and Traceability
6.5. Cybersecurity Challenges in the Digitalized Chemical Industry

7. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES

7.1. Continuous Flow Chemistry
- 7.1.1. Microreactors and Process Intensification
- 7.1.2. Advantages in Pharmaceuticals and Fine Chemicals
- 7.1.3. Challenges in Scale-up and Implementation
7.2. Modular and Distributed Manufacturing
7.3. 3D Printing of Chemicals and Materials
- 7.3.1. Direct Ink Writing and Reactive Printing
- 7.3.2. Applications in Custom Synthesis and Formulation
7.4. Advanced Process Control and Real-time Monitoring
7.5. Flexible and Adaptable Production Systems

8. BIOREFINING AND INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

8.1. Biorefinery Concepts and Configurations
- 8.1.1. Biorefinery Classifications
- 8.1.2. Biorefinery Configurations
  - 8.1.2.1. Lignocellulosic Biorefinery:
  - 8.1.2.2. Whole-Crop Biorefinery
  - 8.1.2.3. Green Biorefinery
  - 8.1.2.4. Thermochemical Biorefinery
  - 8.1.2.5. Marine Biorefinery
  - 8.1.2.6. Integrated Forest Biorefinery
  - 8.1.2.7. Integration and Process Intensification
8.2. Lignocellulosic Biomass Processing
8.3. Algal Biorefineries
8.4. Upstream Processing
- 8.4.1. Cell Culture
  - 8.4.1.1. Overview
  - 8.4.1.2. Types of Cell Culture Systems
  - 8.4.1.3. Factors Affecting Cell Culture Performance
  - 8.4.1.4. Advances in Cell Culture Technology
    - 8.4.1.4.1. Single-use systems
    - 8.4.1.4.2. Process analytical technology (PAT)
    - 8.4.1.4.3. Cell line development
8.5. Fermentation
- 8.5.1. Overview
  - 8.5.1.1. Types of Fermentation Processes
  - 8.5.1.2. Factors Affecting Fermentation Performance
  - 8.5.1.3. Advances in Fermentation Technology
    - 8.5.1.3.1. High-cell-density fermentation
    - 8.5.1.3.2. Continuous processing
    - 8.5.1.3.3. Metabolic engineering
8.6. Downstream Processing
- 8.6.1. Purification
  - 8.6.1.1. Overview
  - 8.6.1.2. Types of Purification Methods
    - 8.6.1.2.1. Factors Affecting Purification Performance
  - 8.6.1.3. Advances in Purification Technology
    - 8.6.1.3.1. Affinity chromatography
    - 8.6.1.3.2. Membrane chromatography
    - 8.6.1.3.3. Continuous chromatography
8.7. Formulation
- 8.7.1. Overview
  - 8.7.1.1. Types of Formulation Methods
  - 8.7.1.2. Factors Affecting Formulation Performance
  - 8.7.1.3. Advances in Formulation Technology
    - 8.7.1.3.1. Controlled release
    - 8.7.1.3.2. Nanoparticle formulation
    - 8.7.1.3.3. 3D printing
8.8. Bioprocess Development
- 8.8.1. Scale-up
  - 8.8.1.1. Overview
  - 8.8.1.2. Factors Affecting Scale-up Performance
  - 8.8.1.3. Scale-up Strategies
- 8.8.2. Optimization
  - 8.8.2.1. Overview
  - 8.8.2.2. Factors Affecting Optimization Performance
  - 8.8.2.3. Optimization Strategies
8.9. Analytical Methods
- 8.9.1. Quality Control
  - 8.9.1.1. Overview
  - 8.9.1.2. Types of Quality Control Tests
  - 8.9.1.3. Factors Affecting Quality Control Performance
- 8.9.2. Characterization
  - 8.9.2.1. Overview
  - 8.9.2.2. Types of Characterization Methods
  - 8.9.2.3. Factors Affecting Characterization Performance
8.10. Scale of Production
- 8.10.1. Laboratory Scale
  - 8.10.1.1. Overview
  - 8.10.1.2. Scale and Equipment
  - 8.10.1.3. Advantages
  - 8.10.1.4. Disadvantages
- 8.10.2. Pilot Scale
  - 8.10.2.1. Overview
  - 8.10.2.2. Scale and Equipment
  - 8.10.2.3. Advantages
  - 8.10.2.4. Disadvantages
- 8.10.3. Commercial Scale
  - 8.10.3.1. Overview
  - 8.10.3.2. Scale and Equipment
  - 8.10.3.3. Advantages
  - 8.10.3.4. Disadvantages
8.11. Mode of Operation
- 8.11.1. Batch Production
  - 8.11.1.1. Overview
  - 8.11.1.2. Advantages
  - 8.11.1.3. Disadvantages
  - 8.11.1.4. Applications
- 8.11.2. Fed-batch Production
  - 8.11.2.1. Overview
  - 8.11.2.2. Advantages
  - 8.11.2.3. Disadvantages
  - 8.11.2.4. Applications
- 8.11.3. Continuous Production
  - 8.11.3.1. Overview
  - 8.11.3.2. Advantages
  - 8.11.3.3. Disadvantages
  - 8.11.3.4. Applications
- 8.11.4. Cell factories for biomanufacturing
- 8.11.5. Perfusion Culture
  - 8.11.5.1. Overview
  - 8.11.5.2. Advantages
  - 8.11.5.3. Disadvantages
  - 8.11.5.4. Applications
- 8.11.6. Other Modes of Operation
  - 8.11.6.1. Immobilized Cell Culture
  - 8.11.6.2. Two-Stage Production
  - 8.11.6.3. Hybrid Systems
8.12. Host Organisms

9. CO2. UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGIES

9.1. Overview
9.2. CO2. non-conversion and conversion technology
9.3. Carbon utilization business models
- 9.3.1. Benefits of carbon utilization
- 9.3.2. Market challenges
9.4. Co2. utilization pathways
9.5. Conversion processes
- 9.5.1. Thermochemical
  - 9.5.1.1. Process overview
  - 9.5.1.2. Plasma-assisted CO2 conversion
- 9.5.2. Electrochemical conversion of CO2
  - 9.5.2.1. Process overview
- 9.5.3. Photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic conversion of CO2
- 9.5.4. Catalytic conversion of CO2
- 9.5.5. Biological conversion of CO2
- 9.5.6. Copolymerization of CO2
- 9.5.7. Mineral carbonation
9.6. CO2-derived products
- 9.6.1. Fuels
  - 9.6.1.1. Overview
  - 9.6.1.2. Production routes
  - 9.6.1.3. CO2 -fuels in road vehicles
  - 9.6.1.4. CO2 -fuels in shipping
  - 9.6.1.5. CO2 -fuels in aviation
  - 9.6.1.6. Power-to-methane
    - 9.6.1.6.1. Biological fermentation
    - 9.6.1.6.2. Costs
  - 9.6.1.7. Algae based biofuels
  - 9.6.1.8. CO2-fuels from solar
  - 9.6.1.9. Companies
  - 9.6.1.10. Challenges
- 9.6.2. Chemicals and polymers
  - 9.6.2.1. Polycarbonate from CO2
  - 9.6.2.2. Carbon nanostructures
  - 9.6.2.3. Scalability
  - 9.6.2.4. Applications
    - 9.6.2.4.1. Urea production
    - 9.6.2.4.2. CO2-derived polymers
    - 9.6.2.4.3. Inert gas in semiconductor manufacturing
    - 9.6.2.4.4. Carbon nanotubes
  - 9.6.2.5. Companies
- 9.6.3. Construction materials
  - 9.6.3.1. Overview
  - 9.6.3.2. CCUS technologies
  - 9.6.3.3. Carbonated aggregates
  - 9.6.3.4. Additives during mixing
  - 9.6.3.5. Concrete curing
  - 9.6.3.6. Costs
  - 9.6.3.7. Market trends and business models
  - 9.6.3.8. Companies
  - 9.6.3.9. Challenges
- 9.6.4. CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
  - 9.6.4.1. Overview
  - 9.6.4.2. Applications
    - 9.6.4.2.1. Greenhouses
    - 9.6.4.2.2. Algae cultivation
      - 9.6.4.2.2.1. CO2-enhanced algae cultivation: open systems
      - 9.6.4.2.2.2. CO2-enhanced algae cultivation: closed systems
    - 9.6.4.2.3. Microbial conversion
    - 9.6.4.2.4. Food and feed production
  - 9.6.4.3. Companies
9.7. CO2 Utilization in Enhanced Oil Recovery
- 9.7.1. Overview
  - 9.7.1.1. Process
  - 9.7.1.2. CO2 sources
- 9.7.2. CO2-EOR facilities and projects
- 9.7.3. Challenges
9.8. Enhanced mineralization
- 9.8.1. Advantages
- 9.8.2. In situ and ex-situ mineralization
- 9.8.3. Enhanced mineralization pathways
- 9.8.4. Challenges

10. ADVANCED CATALYSTS FOR SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY

10.1. Overview of biocatalyst technology
- 10.1.1. Biotransformations
- 10.1.2. Cascade biocatalysis
- 10.1.3. Co-factor recycling
- 10.1.4. Immobilization
10.2. Types of biocatalysts
- 10.2.1. Microorganisms
  - 10.2.1.1. Bacteria
  - 10.2.1.2. Fungi
  - 10.2.1.3. Yeast
  - 10.2.1.4. Archaea
  - 10.2.1.5. Algae
  - 10.2.1.6. Cyanobacteria
- 10.2.2. Engineered biocatalysts
  - 10.2.2.1. Directed Evolution
  - 10.2.2.2. Rational Design
  - 10.2.2.3. Semi-Rational Design
  - 10.2.2.4. Immobilization
  - 10.2.2.5. Fusion Proteins
- 10.2.3. Enzymes
  - 10.2.3.1. Detergent Enzymes
  - 10.2.3.2. Food Processing Enzymes
  - 10.2.3.3. Textile Processing Enzymes
  - 10.2.3.4. Paper and Pulp Processing Enzymes
  - 10.2.3.5. Leather Processing Enzymes
  - 10.2.3.6. Biofuel Production Enzymes
  - 10.2.3.7. Animal Feed Enzymes
  - 10.2.3.8. Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Enzymes
  - 10.2.3.9. Waste Management and Bioremediation Enzymes
  - 10.2.3.10. Agriculture and Crop Improvement Enzymes
- 10.2.4. Other types
  - 10.2.4.1. Ribozymes
  - 10.2.4.2. DNAzymes
  - 10.2.4.3. Abzymes
  - 10.2.4.4. Nanozymes
  - 10.2.4.5. Organocatalysts
10.3. Production methods and processes
- 10.3.1. Fermentation
- 10.3.2. Recombinant DNA technology
- 10.3.3. ell-Free Protein Synthesis
- 10.3.4. Extraction from Natural Sources
- 10.3.5. Solid-State Fermentation
10.4. Emerging technologies and innovations in biocatalysis
- 10.4.1. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering
  - 10.4.1.1. Batch biomanufacturing
  - 10.4.1.2. Continuous biomanufacturing
  - 10.4.1.3. Fermentation Processes
  - 10.4.1.4. Cell-free synthesis
- 10.4.2. Generative biology and Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  - 10.4.2.1. Molecular Dynamics Simulations
  - 10.4.2.2. Quantum Mechanical Calculations
  - 10.4.2.3. Systems Biology Modeling
  - 10.4.2.4. Metabolic Engineering Modeling
- 10.4.3. Genome engineering
- 10.4.4. Immobilization and encapsulation techniques
- 10.4.5. Biomimetics
- 10.4.6. Nanoparticle-based biocatalysts
- 10.4.7. Biocatalytic cascades and multi-enzyme systems
- 10.4.8. Microfluidics
10.5. Companies

11. SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY AND METABOLIC ENGINEERING

11.1. Metabolic engineering
11.2. Gene and DNA synthesis
11.3. Gene Synthesis and Assembly
11.4. Genome engineering
- 11.4.1. CRISPR
  - 11.4.1.1. CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways
  - 11.4.1.2. TALENs
  - 11.4.1.3. ZFNs
11.5. Protein/Enzyme Engineering
11.6. Synthetic genomics
- 11.6.1. Principles of Synthetic Genomics
- 11.6.2. Synthetic Chromosomes and Genomes
11.7. Strain construction and optimization
11.8. Smart bioprocessing
11.9. Chassis organisms
11.10. Biomimetics
11.11. Sustainable materials
11.12. Robotics and automation
- 11.12.1. Robotic cloud laboratories
- 11.12.2. Automating organism design
- 11.12.3. Artificial intelligence and machine learning
11.13. Bioinformatics and computational tools
- 11.13.1. Role of Bioinformatics in Synthetic Biology
- 11.13.2. Computational Tools for Design and Analysis
11.14. Xenobiology and expanded genetic alphabets
11.15. Biosensors and bioelectronics
11.16. Feedstocks
- 11.16.1. C1 feedstocks
  - 11.16.1.1. Advantages
  - 11.16.1.2. Pathways
  - 11.16.1.3. Challenges
  - 11.16.1.4. Non-methane C1 feedstocks
  - 11.16.1.5. Gas fermentation
- 11.16.2. C2 feedstocks
- 11.16.3. Biological conversion of CO2
- 11.16.4. Food processing wastes
  - 11.16.4.1. Syngas
  - 11.16.4.2. Glycerol
  - 11.16.4.3. Methane
  - 11.16.4.4. Municipal solid wastes
  - 11.16.4.5. Plastic wastes
  - 11.16.4.6. Plant oils
  - 11.16.4.7. Starch
  - 11.16.4.8. Sugars
  - 11.16.4.9. Used cooking oils
  - 11.16.4.10. Green hydrogen production
  - 11.16.4.11. Blue hydrogen production
- 11.16.5. Marine biotechnology
  - 11.16.5.1. Cyanobacteria
  - 11.16.5.2. Macroalgae
  - 11.16.5.3. Companies

12. GREEN SOLVENTS AND ALTERNATIVE REACTION MEDIA

12.1. Bio-based Solvents
12.2. Switchable Solvents
12.3. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES)
12.4. Supercritical Fluids in Industrial Applications
12.5. Solvent-free Reactions and Mechanochemistry
12.6. Solvent Selection Tools and Frameworks
12.7. Companies

13. WASTE VALORIZATION AND RESOURCE RECOVERY

13.1. Municipal Solid Waste to Chemicals
13.2. Agricultural and Food Waste Valorization
13.3. Critical Material Extraction Technology
- 13.3.1. Recovery of critical materials from secondary sources (e.g., end-of-life products, industrial waste)
- 13.3.2. Critical rare-earth element recovery from secondary sources
- 13.3.3. Li-ion battery technology metal recovery
- 13.3.4. Critical semiconductor materials recovery
- 13.3.5. Critical semiconductor materials recovery
- 13.3.6. Critical platinum group metal recovery
- 13.3.7. Critical platinum Group metal recovery
13.4. Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery
- 13.4.1. Bio-based Flocculants and Coagulants
- 13.4.2. Green Oxidants and Disinfectants
- 13.4.3. Sustainable Membrane Materials
  - 13.4.3.1. Bio-based polymer membranes
  - 13.4.3.2. Ceramic membranes from recycled materials
  - 13.4.3.3. Self-healing membranes
- 13.4.4. Advanced Adsorbents for Contaminant Removal
  - 13.4.4.1. Biochar
  - 13.4.4.2. Activated carbon from waste biomass
  - 13.4.4.3. Green zeolites and MOFs (Metal-Organic Frameworks)
- 13.4.5. Nutrient Recovery Technologies
- 13.4.6. Resource Recovery from Industrial Wastewater
- 13.4.7. Bioelectrochemical Systems
- 13.4.8. Green Solvents in Extraction Processes
- 13.4.9. Photocatalytic Materials
- 13.4.10. Biodegradable Chelating Agents
- 13.4.11. Biocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment
- 13.4.12. Advanced Adsorption Materials
- 13.4.13. Sustainable pH Adjustment Chemicals
13.5. Mining Waste Valorization
- 13.5.1. Bioleaching and Biooxidation
- 13.5.2. Green Lixiviants for Metal Extraction
- 13.5.3. Phytomining and Phytoremediation
- 13.5.4. Sustainable Flotation Chemicals
- 13.5.5. Electrochemical Recovery Methods
- 13.5.6. Geopolymers and Mine Tailings Utilization
- 13.5.7. CO2 Mineralization
- 13.5.8. Sustainable Remediation Technologies
- 13.5.9. Waste-to-Energy Technologies
- 13.5.10. Advanced Separation Techniques
13.6. Companies

14. ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION

14.1. Energy Efficiency Measures in Chemical Plants
14.2. Heat Recovery and Pinch Analysis
14.3. Renewable Energy Sources in Chemical Production
14.4. Energy Storage Technologies for Process Industries
14.5. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Systems
14.6. Industrial Symbiosis and Energy Integration

15. SAFETY AND SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT

15.1. Green Chemistry Metrics and Sustainability Indicators
15.2. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Chemical Processes
15.3. Safety by Design Principles
15.4. Risk Assessment and Management in New Chemical Technologies
15.5. Environmental Impact Assessment
15.6. Social and Ethical Considerations in the New Era of Chemicals

16. REGULATIONS AND POLICY

16.1. Global Chemical Regulations and Their Evolution
16.2. Environmental Policies Driving Sustainable Chemistry
16.3. Incentives and Support Mechanisms for Green Chemistry
16.4. Challenges in Regulating Emerging Technologies
16.5. International Cooperation and Harmonization Efforts

17. MARKETS AND PRODUCTS

17.1. Sustainable Materials and Polymers
- 17.1.1. Bioplastics and Biodegradable Polymers
  - 17.1.1.1. Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA)
    - 17.1.1.1.1. Overview
    - 17.1.1.1.2. Properties
    - 17.1.1.1.3. Applications
    - 17.1.1.1.4. Advantages
    - 17.1.1.1.5. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.2. Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET)
    - 17.1.1.2.1. Overview
    - 17.1.1.2.2. Properties
    - 17.1.1.2.3. Applications
    - 17.1.1.2.4. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.3. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (Bio-PTT)
    - 17.1.1.3.1. Overview
    - 17.1.1.3.2. Production Process
    - 17.1.1.3.3. Properties
    - 17.1.1.3.4. Applications
    - 17.1.1.3.5. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.4. Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF)
    - 17.1.1.4.1. Overview
    - 17.1.1.4.2. Properties
    - 17.1.1.4.3. Applications
    - 17.1.1.4.4. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.5. Bio-PA
    - 17.1.1.5.1. Overview
    - 17.1.1.5.2. Properties
    - 17.1.1.5.3. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.6. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT)- Aliphatic aromatic copolyesters
    - 17.1.1.6.1. Overview
    - 17.1.1.6.2. Properties
    - 17.1.1.6.3. Applications
    - 17.1.1.6.4. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.7. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers
    - 17.1.1.7.1. Overview
    - 17.1.1.7.2. Properties
    - 17.1.1.7.3. Applications
    - 17.1.1.7.4. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.8. Polypropylene (Bio-PP)
    - 17.1.1.8.1. Overview
    - 17.1.1.8.2. Properties
    - 17.1.1.8.3. Applications
    - 17.1.1.8.4. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.9. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
    - 17.1.1.9.1. Properties
    - 17.1.1.9.2. Applications
    - 17.1.1.9.3. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.10. Starch-based blends
    - 17.1.1.10.1. Overview
    - 17.1.1.10.2. Properties
    - 17.1.1.10.3. Applications
    - 17.1.1.10.4. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.11. Cellulose
    - 17.1.1.11.1. Feedstocks
  - 17.1.1.12. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)
    - 17.1.1.12.1. Properties
  - 17.1.1.13. Nanocellulose
    - 17.1.1.13.1. Cellulose nanocrystals
      - 17.1.1.13.1.1. Applications
    - 17.1.1.13.2. Cellulose nanofibers
      - 17.1.1.13.2.1. Applications
        
        17.1.1.13.2.1.1. Reinforcement and barrier
        17.1.1.13.2.1.2. Biodegradable food packaging foil and films
        17.1.1.13.2.1.3. Paperboard coatings
    - 17.1.1.13.3. Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC)
      - 17.1.1.13.3.1. Applications in packaging
      - 17.1.1.13.3.2. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.14. Protein-based bioplastics in packaging
    - 17.1.1.14.1. Feedstocks
    - 17.1.1.14.2. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.15. Alginate
    - 17.1.1.15.1. Overview
    - 17.1.1.15.2. Production
    - 17.1.1.15.3. Applications
    - 17.1.1.15.4. Producers
  - 17.1.1.16. Mycelium
    - 17.1.1.16.1. Overview
    - 17.1.1.16.2. Applications
    - 17.1.1.16.3. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.17. Chitosan
    - 17.1.1.17.1. Overview
    - 17.1.1.17.2. Applications
    - 17.1.1.17.3. Commercial examples
  - 17.1.1.18. Bio-naphtha
    - 17.1.1.18.1. Overview
    - 17.1.1.18.2. Markets and applications
    - 17.1.1.18.3. Commercial examples
- 17.1.2. Recycled and Upcycled Plastics
- 17.1.3. High-Performance Bio-based Materials
- 17.1.4. Companies
17.2. Sustainable Agriculture Chemicals
- 17.2.1. Overview
- 17.2.2. Biopesticides and Biocontrol Agents
- 17.2.3. Precision Agriculture Chemicals
- 17.2.4. Controlled-Release Fertilizers
- 17.2.5. Biostimulants
- 17.2.6. Microbials
  - 17.2.6.1. Overview
  - 17.2.6.2. Microbial biostimulants and biofertilizers
  - 17.2.6.3. Microbiome manipulation
  - 17.2.6.4. Prebiotics
- 17.2.7. Biochemicals
- 17.2.8. Semiochemicals
- 17.2.9. Macrobials
- 17.2.10. Biopesticides
  - 17.2.10.1. Natural herbicides and insecticides
- 17.2.11. Companies
17.3. Sustainable Construction Materials
- 17.3.1. Established bio-based construction materials
- 17.3.2. Hemp-based Materials
  - 17.3.2.1. Hemp Concrete (Hempcrete)
  - 17.3.2.2. Hemp Fiberboard
  - 17.3.2.3. Hemp Insulation
- 17.3.3. Mycelium-based Materials
  - 17.3.3.1. Insulation
  - 17.3.3.2. Structural Elements
  - 17.3.3.3. Acoustic Panels
  - 17.3.3.4. Decorative Elements
- 17.3.4. Sustainable Concrete and Cement Alternatives
  - 17.3.4.1. Geopolymer Concrete
  - 17.3.4.2. Recycled Aggregate Concrete
  - 17.3.4.3. Lime-Based Materials
  - 17.3.4.4. Self-healing concrete
    - 17.3.4.4.1. Bioconcrete
    - 17.3.4.4.2. Fiber concrete
  - 17.3.4.5. Microalgae biocement
  - 17.3.4.6. Carbon-negative concrete
  - 17.3.4.7. Biomineral binders
- 17.3.5. Natural Fiber Composites
  - 17.3.5.1. Types of Natural Fibers
  - 17.3.5.2. Properties
  - 17.3.5.3. Applications in Construction
- 17.3.6. Cellulose nanofibers
  - 17.3.6.1. Sandwich composites
  - 17.3.6.2. Cement additives
  - 17.3.6.3. Pump primers
  - 17.3.6.4. Insulation materials
- 17.3.7. Sustainable Insulation Materials
  - 17.3.7.1. Types of sustainable insulation materials
  - 17.3.7.2. Biobased and sustainable aerogels (bio-aerogels)
- 17.3.8. Companies
17.4. Sustainable Packaging
- 17.4.1. Paper and board packaging
- 17.4.2. Food packaging
  - 17.4.2.1. Bio-Based films and trays
  - 17.4.2.2. Bio-Based pouches and bags
  - 17.4.2.3. Bio-Based textiles and nets
  - 17.4.2.4. Bioadhesives
    - 17.4.2.4.1. Starch
    - 17.4.2.4.2. Cellulose
    - 17.4.2.4.3. Protein-Based
  - 17.4.2.5. Barrier coatings and films
    - 17.4.2.5.1. Polysaccharides
      - 17.4.2.5.1.1 Chitin
      - 17.4.2.5.1.2 Chitosan
      - 17.4.2.5.1.3 Starch
    - 17.4.2.5.2. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)
    - 17.4.2.5.3. Poly(butylene Succinate)
    - 17.4.2.5.4. Functional Lipid and Proteins Based Coatings
  - 17.4.2.6. Active and Smart Food Packaging
    - 17.4.2.6.1. Active Materials and Packaging Systems
    - 17.4.2.6.2. Intelligent and Smart Food Packaging
  - 17.4.2.7. Antimicrobial films and agents
    - 17.4.2.7.1. Natural
    - 17.4.2.7.2. Inorganic nanoparticles
    - 17.4.2.7.3. Biopolymers
  - 17.4.2.8. Bio-based Inks and Dyes
  - 17.4.2.9. Edible films and coatings
    - 17.4.2.9.1. Overview
    - 17.4.2.9.2. Commercial examples
  - 17.4.2.10. Types of bio-based coatings and films in packaging
    - 17.4.2.10.1. Polyurethane coatings
      - 17.4.2.10.1.1. Properties
      - 17.4.2.10.1.2. Bio-based polyurethane coatings
      - 17.4.2.10.1.3. Products
    - 17.4.2.10.2. Acrylate resins
      - 17.4.2.10.2.1. Properties
      - 17.4.2.10.2.2. Bio-based acrylates
      - 17.4.2.10.2.3. Products
    - 17.4.2.10.3. Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA)
      - 17.4.2.10.3.1. Properties
      - 17.4.2.10.3.2. Bio-PLA coatings and films
    - 17.4.2.10.4. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) coatings
    - 17.4.2.10.5. Cellulose coatings and films
      - 17.4.2.10.5.1. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)
      - 17.4.2.10.5.2. Cellulose nanofibers
        
        17.4.2.10.5.2.1. Properties
        17.4.2.10.5.2.2. Product developers
    - 17.4.2.10.6. Lignin coatings
    - 17.4.2.10.7. Protein-based biomaterials for coatings
      - 17.4.2.10.7.1. Plant derived proteins
      - 17.4.2.10.7.2. Animal origin proteins
- 17.4.3. Carbon capture derived materials for packaging
  - 17.4.3.1. Benefits of carbon utilization for plastics feedstocks
  - 17.4.3.2. CO2-derived polymers and plastics
  - 17.4.3.3. CO2 utilization products
- 17.4.4. Companies
17.5. Green Cosmetics and Personal Care
- 17.5.1. Natural and Bio-based Ingredients
- 17.5.2. Microplastic Alternatives
  - 17.5.2.1. Natural hard materials
  - 17.5.2.2. Polysaccharides
    - 17.5.2.2.1. Starch
    - 17.5.2.2.2. Cellulose
      - 17.5.2.2.2.1 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)
      - 17.5.2.2.2.2 Regenerated cellulose microspheres
      - 17.5.2.2.2.3 Cellulose nanocrystals
      - 17.5.2.2.2.4 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)
    - 17.5.2.2.3. Chitin
  - 17.5.2.3. Proteins
    - 17.5.2.3.1. Collagen/Gelatin
    - 17.5.2.3.2. Casein
  - 17.5.2.4. Polyesters
    - 17.5.2.4.1. Polyhydroxyalkanoates
    - 17.5.2.4.2. Polylactic acid
  - 17.5.2.5. Other natural polymers
    - 17.5.2.5.1. Lignin
      - 17.5.2.5.1.1 Description
      - 17.5.2.5.1.2 Applications and commercial status
    - 17.5.2.5.2. Alginate
      - 17.5.2.5.2.1 Applications and commercial status
- 17.5.3. Waterless Formulations
- 17.5.4. Companies
17.6. Bio-based and Eco-Friendly Paints and Coatings
- 17.6.1. UV-cure
- 17.6.2. Waterborne coatings
- 17.6.3. Treatments with less or no solvents
- 17.6.4. Hyperbranched polymers for coatings
- 17.6.5. Powder coatings
- 17.6.6. High solid (HS) coatings
- 17.6.7. Use of bio-based materials in coatings
  - 17.6.7.1. Biopolymers
  - 17.6.7.2. Coatings based on agricultural waste
  - 17.6.7.3. Vegetable oils and fatty acids
  - 17.6.7.4. Proteins
  - 17.6.7.5. Cellulose
  - 17.6.7.6. Plant-Based wax coatings
- 17.6.8. Barrier coatings
  - 17.6.8.1. Polysaccharides
    - 17.6.8.1.1. Chitin
    - 17.6.8.1.2. Chitosan
    - 17.6.8.1.3. Starch
  - 17.6.8.2. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)
  - 17.6.8.3. Poly(butylene Succinate
  - 17.6.8.4. Functional Lipid and Proteins Based Coatings
- 17.6.9. Alkyd coatings
  - 17.6.9.1. Alkyd resin properties
  - 17.6.9.2. Bio-based alkyd coatings
  - 17.6.9.3. Products
- 17.6.10. Polyurethane coatings
  - 17.6.10.1. Properties
  - 17.6.10.2. Bio-based polyurethane coatings
    - 17.6.10.2.1. Bio-based polyols
    - 17.6.10.2.2. Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU)
  - 17.6.10.3. Products
- 17.6.11. Epoxy coatings
  - 17.6.11.1. Properties
  - 17.6.11.2. Bio-based epoxy coatings
  - 17.6.11.3. Products
- 17.6.12. Acrylate resins
  - 17.6.12.1. Properties
  - 17.6.12.2. Bio-based acrylates
  - 17.6.12.3. Products
- 17.6.13. Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA)
  - 17.6.13.1. Bio-PLA coatings and films
- 17.6.14. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
- 17.6.15. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)
- 17.6.16. Cellulose nanofibers
- 17.6.17. Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC)
- 17.6.18. Rosins
- 17.6.19. Bio-based carbon black
  - 17.6.19.1. Lignin-based
  - 17.6.19.2. Algae-based
- 17.6.20. Lignin
- 17.6.21. Antimicrobial films and agents
  - 17.6.21.1. Natural
  - 17.6.21.2. Inorganic nanoparticles
  - 17.6.21.3. Biopolymers
- 17.6.22. Nanocoatings
- 17.6.23. Protein-based biomaterials for coatings
  - 17.6.23.1. Plant derived proteins
  - 17.6.23.2. Animal origin proteins
- 17.6.24. Algal coatings
- 17.6.25. Polypeptides
- 17.6.26. Companies
17.7. Green Electronics
- 17.7.1. Biodegradable Electronics
- 17.7.2. Recycled and Recoverable Electronic Materials
- 17.7.3. Conventional electronics manufacturing
- 17.7.4. Benefits of Green Electronics manufacturing
- 17.7.5. Challenges in adopting Green Electronics manufacturing
- 17.7.6. Green Electronics Manufacturing
- 17.7.7. Sustainability in PCB manufacturing
  - 17.7.7.1. Sustainable cleaning of PCBs
- 17.7.8. Design of PCBs for sustainability
  - 17.7.8.1. Rigid
  - 17.7.8.2. Flexible
  - 17.7.8.3. Additive manufacturing
  - 17.7.8.4. In-mold elctronics (IME)
- 17.7.9. Materials
  - 17.7.9.1. Metal cores
  - 17.7.9.2. Recycled laminates
  - 17.7.9.3. Conductive inks
  - 17.7.9.4. Green and lead-free solder
  - 17.7.9.5. Biodegradable substrates
    - 17.7.9.5.1. Bacterial Cellulose
    - 17.7.9.5.2. Mycelium
    - 17.7.9.5.3. Lignin
    - 17.7.9.5.4. Cellulose Nanofibers
    - 17.7.9.5.5. Soy Protein
    - 17.7.9.5.6. Algae
    - 17.7.9.5.7. PHAs
  - 17.7.9.6. Biobased inks
- 17.7.10. Substrates
  - 17.7.10.1. Halogen-free FR4
    - 17.7.10.1.1. FR4 limitations
    - 17.7.10.1.2. FR4 alternatives
    - 17.7.10.1.3. Bio-Polyimide
  - 17.7.10.2. Metal-core PCBs
  - 17.7.10.3. Biobased PCBs
    - 17.7.10.3.1. Flexible (bio) polyimide PCBs
    - 17.7.10.3.2. Recent commercial activity
  - 17.7.10.4. Paper-based PCBs
  - 17.7.10.5. PCBs without solder mask
  - 17.7.10.6. Thinner dielectrics
  - 17.7.10.7. Recycled plastic substrates
  - 17.7.10.8. Flexible substrates
- 17.7.11. Sustainable patterning and metallization in electronics manufacturing
  - 17.7.11.1. Introduction
  - 17.7.11.2. Issues with sustainability
  - 17.7.11.3. Regeneration and reuse of etching chemicals
  - 17.7.11.4. Transition from Wet to Dry phase patterning
  - 17.7.11.5. Print-and-plate
  - 17.7.11.6. Approaches
    - 17.7.11.6.1. Direct Printed Electronics
    - 17.7.11.6.2. Photonic Sintering
    - 17.7.11.6.3. Biometallization
    - 17.7.11.6.4. Plating Resist Alternatives
    - 17.7.11.6.5. Laser-Induced Forward Transfer
    - 17.7.11.6.6. Electrohydrodynamic Printing
    - 17.7.11.6.7. Electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs
    - 17.7.11.6.8. Green electroless plating
    - 17.7.11.6.9. Smart Masking
    - 17.7.11.6.10 Component Integration
    - 17.7.11.6.11 Bio-inspired material deposition
    - 17.7.11.6.12 Multi-material jetting
    - 17.7.11.6.13 Vacuumless deposition
    - 17.7.11.6.14 Upcycling waste streams
- 17.7.12. Sustainable attachment and integration of components
  - 17.7.12.1. Conventional component attachment materials
  - 17.7.12.2. Materials
    - 17.7.12.2.1. Conductive adhesives
    - 17.7.12.2.2. Biodegradable adhesives
    - 17.7.12.2.3. Magnets
    - 17.7.12.2.4. Bio-based solders
    - 17.7.12.2.5. Bio-derived solders
    - 17.7.12.2.6. Recycled plastics
    - 17.7.12.2.7. Nano adhesives
    - 17.7.12.2.8. Shape memory polymers
    - 17.7.12.2.9. Photo-reversible polymers
    - 17.7.12.2.10 Conductive biopolymers
  - 17.7.12.3. Processes
    - 17.7.12.3.1. Traditional thermal processing methods
    - 17.7.12.3.2. Low temperature solder
    - 17.7.12.3.3. Reflow soldering
    - 17.7.12.3.4. Induction soldering
    - 17.7.12.3.5. UV curing
    - 17.7.12.3.6. Near-infrared (NIR) radiation curing
    - 17.7.12.3.7. Photonic sintering/curing
    - 17.7.12.3.8. Hybrid integration
- 17.7.13. Sustainable integrated circuits
  - 17.7.13.1. IC manufacturing
  - 17.7.13.2. Sustainable IC manufacturing
  - 17.7.13.3. Wafer production
    - 17.7.13.3.1. Silicon
    - 17.7.13.3.2. Gallium nitride ICs
    - 17.7.13.3.3. Flexible ICs
    - 17.7.13.3.4. Fully printed organic ICs
  - 17.7.13.4. Oxidation methods
    - 17.7.13.4.1. Sustainable oxidation
    - 17.7.13.4.2. Metal oxides
    - 17.7.13.4.3. Recycling
    - 17.7.13.4.4. Thin gate oxide layers
  - 17.7.13.5. Patterning and doping
    - 17.7.13.5.1. Processes
      - 17.7.13.5.1.1. Wet etching
      - 17.7.13.5.1.2. Dry plasma etching
      - 17.7.13.5.1.3. Lift-off patterning
      - 17.7.13.5.1.4. Surface doping
  - 17.7.13.6. Metallization
    - 17.7.13.6.1. Evaporation
    - 17.7.13.6.2. Plating
    - 17.7.13.6.3. Printing
      - 17.7.13.6.3.1. Printed metal gates for organic thin film transistors
    - 17.7.13.6.4. Physical vapour deposition (PVD)
- 17.7.14. End of life
  - 17.7.14.1. Hazardous waste
  - 17.7.14.2. Emissions
  - 17.7.14.3. Water Usage
  - 17.7.14.4. Recycling
    - 17.7.14.4.1. Mechanical recycling
    - 17.7.14.4.2. Electro-Mechanical Separation
    - 17.7.14.4.3. Chemical Recycling
    - 17.7.14.4.4. Electrochemical Processes
    - 17.7.14.4.5. Thermal Recycling
- 17.7.15. Green Certification
- 17.7.16. Companies
17.8. Sustainable Textiles and Fibers
- 17.8.1. Types of bio-based fibres
  - 17.8.1.1. Natural fibres
  - 17.8.1.2. Main-made bio-based fibres
- 17.8.2. Bio-based synthetics
- 17.8.3. Recyclability of bio-based fibres
- 17.8.4. Lyocell
- 17.8.5. Bacterial cellulose
- 17.8.6. Algae textiles
- 17.8.7. Bio-based leather
  - 17.8.7.1. Properties of bio-based leathers
    - 17.8.7.1.1. Tear strength.
    - 17.8.7.1.2. Tensile strength
    - 17.8.7.1.3. Bally flexing
  - 17.8.7.2. Comparison with conventional leathers
  - 17.8.7.3. Comparative analysis of bio-based leathers
  - 17.8.7.4. Plant-based leather
    - 17.8.7.4.1. Overview
    - 17.8.7.4.2. Production processes
      - 17.8.7.4.2.1 Feedstocks
      - 17.8.7.4.2.1 Agriculture Residues
      - 17.8.7.4.2.2 Food Processing Waste
      - 17.8.7.4.2.3 Invasive Plants
      - 17.8.7.4.2.4 Culture-Grown Inputs
      - 17.8.7.4.2.5 Textile-Based
      - 17.8.7.4.2.6 Bio-Composite
    - 17.8.7.4.3. Products
    - 17.8.7.4.4. Market players
  - 17.8.7.5. Mycelium leather
    - 17.8.7.5.1. Overview
    - 17.8.7.5.2. Production process
      - 17.8.7.5.2.1 Growth conditions
      - 17.8.7.5.2.2 Tanning Mycelium Leather
      - 17.8.7.5.2.3 Dyeing Mycelium Leather
    - 17.8.7.5.3. Products
    - 17.8.7.5.4. Market players
  - 17.8.7.6. Microbial leather
    - 17.8.7.6.1. Overview
    - 17.8.7.6.2. Production process
    - 17.8.7.6.3. Fermentation conditions
    - 17.8.7.6.4. Harvesting
    - 17.8.7.6.5. Products
    - 17.8.7.6.6. Market players
  - 17.8.7.7. Lab grown leather
    - 17.8.7.7.1. Overview
    - 17.8.7.7.2. Production process
    - 17.8.7.7.3. Products
    - 17.8.7.7.4. Market players
  - 17.8.7.8. Protein-based leather
    - 17.8.7.8.1. Overview
    - 17.8.7.8.2. Production process
    - 17.8.7.8.3. Commercial activity
  - 17.8.7.9. Sustainable textiles coatings and dyes
    - 17.8.7.9.1. Overview
      - 17.8.7.9.1.1 Coatings
      - 17.8.7.9.1.2 Dyes
    - 17.8.7.9.2. Commercial activity
- 17.8.8. Companies
17.9. Alternative Fuels and Lubricants
- 17.9.1. Biofuels and Synthetic Fuels
- 17.9.2. Biodiesel
  - 17.9.2.1. Biodiesel by generation
  - 17.9.2.2. Production of biodiesel and other biofuels
    - 17.9.2.2.1. Pyrolysis of biomass
    - 17.9.2.2.2. Vegetable oil transesterification
    - 17.9.2.2.3. Vegetable oil hydrogenation (HVO)
      - 17.9.2.2.3.1 Production process
    - 17.9.2.2.4. Biodiesel from tall oil
    - 17.9.2.2.5. Fischer-Tropsch BioDiesel
    - 17.9.2.2.6. Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass
    - 17.9.2.2.7. CO2 capture and Fischer-Tropsch (FT)
    - 17.9.2.2.8. Dymethyl ether (DME)
  - 17.9.2.3. Prices
  - 17.9.2.4. Global production and consumption
- 17.9.3. Renewable diesel
  - 17.9.3.1. Production
  - 17.9.3.2. SWOT analysis
  - 17.9.3.3. Global consumption
  - 17.9.3.4. Prices
- 17.9.4. Bio-aviation fuel (bio-jet fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, renewable jet fuel or aviation biofuel)
  - 17.9.4.1. Description
  - 17.9.4.2. SWOT analysis
  - 17.9.4.3. Global production and consumption
  - 17.9.4.4. Production pathways
  - 17.9.4.5. Prices
  - 17.9.4.6. Bio-aviation fuel production capacities
  - 17.9.4.7. Market challenges
  - 17.9.4.8. Global consumption
- 17.9.5. Bio-naphtha
  - 17.9.5.1. Overview
  - 17.9.5.2. SWOT analysis
  - 17.9.5.3. Markets and applications
  - 17.9.5.4. Prices
  - 17.9.5.5. Production capacities, by producer, current and planned
  - 17.9.5.6. Production capacities, total (tonnes), historical, current and planned
- 17.9.6. Biomethanol
  - 17.9.6.1. SWOT analysis
  - 17.9.6.2. Methanol-to gasoline technology
    - 17.9.6.2.1. Production processes
      - 17.9.6.2.1.1 Anaerobic digestion
      - 17.9.6.2.1.2 Biomass gasification
      - 17.9.6.2.1.3 Power to Methane
- 17.9.7. Ethanol
  - 17.9.7.1. Technology description
  - 17.9.7.2. 1G Bio-Ethanol
  - 17.9.7.3. SWOT analysis
  - 17.9.7.4. Ethanol to jet fuel technology
  - 17.9.7.5. Methanol from pulp & paper production
  - 17.9.7.6. Sulfite spent liquor fermentation
  - 17.9.7.7. Gasification
    - 17.9.7.7.1. Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
    - 17.9.7.7.2. Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
  - 17.9.7.8. CO2 capture and alcohol synthesis
  - 17.9.7.9. Biomass hydrolysis and fermentation
    - 17.9.7.9.1. Separate hydrolysis and fermentation
    - 17.9.7.9.2. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
    - 17.9.7.9.3. Pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF)
    - 17.9.7.9.4. Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF)
    - 17.9.7.9.5. Direct conversion (consolidated bioprocessing) (CBP)
  - 17.9.7.10. Global ethanol consumption
- 17.9.8. Biobutanol
  - 17.9.8.1. Production
  - 17.9.8.2. Prices
- 17.9.9. Biomass-based Gas
  - 17.9.9.1. Biomethane
  - 17.9.9.2. Production pathways
    - 17.9.9.2.1. Landfill gas recovery
    - 17.9.9.2.2. Anaerobic digestion
    - 17.9.9.2.3. Thermal gasification
  - 17.9.9.3. SWOT analysis
  - 17.9.9.4. Global production
  - 17.9.9.5. Prices
    - 17.9.9.5.1. Raw Biogas
    - 17.9.9.5.2. Upgraded Biomethane
  - 17.9.9.6. Bio-LNG
    - 17.9.9.6.1. Markets
      - 17.9.9.6.1.1 Trucks
      - 17.9.9.6.1.2 Marine
    - 17.9.9.6.2. Production
    - 17.9.9.6.3. Plants
  - 17.9.9.7. bio-CNG (compressed natural gas derived from biogas)
  - 17.9.9.8. Carbon capture from biogas
- 17.9.10. Biosyngas
  - 17.9.10.1. Production
  - 17.9.10.2. Prices
- 17.9.11. Biohydrogen
  - 17.9.11.1. Description
  - 17.9.11.2. SWOT analysis
  - 17.9.11.3. Production of biohydrogen from biomass
    - 17.9.11.3.1. Biological Conversion Routes
      - 17.9.11.3.1.1. Bio-photochemical Reaction
      - 17.9.11.3.1.2. Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion
    - 17.9.11.3.2. Thermochemical conversion routes
      - 17.9.11.3.2.1. Biomass Gasification
      - 17.9.11.3.2.2. Biomass Pyrolysis
      - 17.9.11.3.2.3. Biomethane Reforming
  - 17.9.11.4. Applications
  - 17.9.11.5. Prices
- 17.9.12. Biochar in biogas production
- 17.9.13. Bio-DME
- 17.9.14. Chemical recycling for biofuels
  - 17.9.14.1. Plastic pyrolysis
  - 17.9.14.2. Used tires pyrolysis
    - 17.9.14.2.1. Conversion to biofuel
  - 17.9.14.3. Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes
  - 17.9.14.4. Gasification
    - 17.9.14.4.1. Syngas conversion to methanol
    - 17.9.14.4.2. Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
    - 17.9.14.4.3. Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
  - 17.9.14.5. Hydrothermal cracking
- 17.9.15. Electrofuels (E-fuels, power-to-gas/liquids/fuels)
  - 17.9.15.1. Introduction
  - 17.9.15.2. Benefits of e-fuels
  - 17.9.15.3. Feedstocks
    - 17.9.15.3.1. Hydrogen electrolysis
  - 17.9.15.4. CO2 capture
  - 17.9.15.5. Production
    - 17.9.15.5.1. eFuel production facilities, current and planned
  - 17.9.15.6. Companies
- 17.9.16. Algae-derived biofuels
  - 17.9.16.1. Technology description
    - 17.9.16.1.1. Conversion pathways
  - 17.9.16.2. Production
  - 17.9.16.3. Market challenges
  - 17.9.16.4. Prices
  - 17.9.16.5. Producers
- 17.9.17. Green Ammonia
  - 17.9.17.1. Production
    - 17.9.17.1.1. Decarbonisation of ammonia production
    - 17.9.17.1.2. Green ammonia projects
  - 17.9.17.2. Green ammonia synthesis methods
    - 17.9.17.2.1. Haber-Bosch process
    - 17.9.17.2.2. Biological nitrogen fixation
    - 17.9.17.2.3. Electrochemical production
    - 17.9.17.2.4. Chemical looping processes
  - 17.9.17.3. Blue ammonia
    - 17.9.17.3.1. Blue ammonia projects
    - 17.9.17.3.2. Markets and applications
    - 17.9.17.3.3. Chemical energy storage
    - 17.9.17.3.4. Ammonia fuel cells
    - 17.9.17.3.5. Marine fuel
    - 17.9.17.3.6. Prices
  - 17.9.17.4. Companies and projects
- 17.9.18. Bio-oils (pyrolysis oils)
  - 17.9.18.1. Description
    - 17.9.18.1.1. Advantages of bio-oils
  - 17.9.18.2. Production
    - 17.9.18.2.1. Fast Pyrolysis
    - 17.9.18.2.2. Costs of production
    - 17.9.18.2.3. Upgrading
  - 17.9.18.3. Applications
  - 17.9.18.4. Bio-oil producers
  - 17.9.18.5. Prices
- 17.9.19. Refuse Derived Fuels (RDF)
  - 17.9.19.1. Overview
  - 17.9.19.2. Production
    - 17.9.19.2.1. Production process
    - 17.9.19.2.2. Mechanical biological treatment
  - 17.9.19.3. Markets
- 17.9.20. Bio-based Lubricants
- 17.9.21. Companies
17.10 Green Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare
- 17.10.1. Green Pharmaceutical Synthesis
  - 17.10.1.1. Green Solvents
    - 17.10.1.1.1. Supercritical CO2 (scCO2)
    - 17.10.1.1.2. Ionic Liquids
    - 17.10.1.1.3. Bio-based Solvents
    - 17.10.1.1.4. Water-based Reactions
  - 17.10.1.2. Catalysis
    - 17.10.1.2.1. Biocatalysis (Enzymes and Whole-cell Catalysts)
    - 17.10.1.2.2. Heterogeneous Catalysts
    - 17.10.1.2.3. Organocatalysts
    - 17.10.1.2.4. Photocatalysis
  - 17.10.1.3. Continuous Flow Chemistry
    - 17.10.1.3.1. Microreactors
    - 17.10.1.3.2. Flow Photochemistry
    - 17.10.1.3.3. Electrochemical Flow Cells
  - 17.10.1.4. Alternative Energy Sources
    - 17.10.1.4.1. Microwave-assisted Synthesis
    - 17.10.1.4.2. Ultrasound-assisted Reactions
    - 17.10.1.4.3. Mechanochemistry (Ball Milling)
  - 17.10.1.5. Green Oxidation and Reduction Methods
    - 17.10.1.5.1. Electrochemical oxidation/reduction
    - 17.10.1.5.2. Photochemical reactions
    - 17.10.1.5.3. Hydrogen peroxide as green oxidant
  - 17.10.1.6. Atom-Economical Reactions
  - 17.10.1.7. Bio-based Starting Materials
  - 17.10.1.8. Process Intensification
  - 17.10.1.9. Green Analytical Techniques
  - 17.10.1.10. Sustainable Purification Methods
- 17.10.2. Bio-based Drug Delivery Systems
  - 17.10.2.1. Natural polymers
    - 17.10.2.1.1. Chitosan and its derivatives
    - 17.10.2.1.2. Alginate
    - 17.10.2.1.3. Hyaluronic acid
    - 17.10.2.1.4. Cellulose and its derivatives
  - 17.10.2.2. Protein-based Materials
    - 17.10.2.2.1. Albumin nanoparticles
    - 17.10.2.2.2. Collagen matrices
    - 17.10.2.2.3. Silk fibroin scaffolds
    - 17.10.2.2.4. Gelatin hydrogels
  - 17.10.2.3. Polysaccharide-based Systems
    - 17.10.2.3.1. Cyclodextrins
    - 17.10.2.3.2. Pectin
    - 17.10.2.3.3. Dextran
    - 17.10.2.3.4. Pullulan
  - 17.10.2.4. Lipid-based Carriers
    - 17.10.2.4.1. Liposomes from natural phospholipids
    - 17.10.2.4.2. Solid lipid nanoparticles
    - 17.10.2.4.3. Nanostructured lipid carriers
  - 17.10.2.5. Plant-derived Materials
    - 17.10.2.5.1. Guar gum
    - 17.10.2.5.2. Carrageenan
    - 17.10.2.5.3. Zein (corn protein)
    - 17.10.2.5.4. Starch-based materials
  - 17.10.2.6. Microbial-derived Polymers
    - 17.10.2.6.1. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
    - 17.10.2.6.2. Bacterial cellulose
    - 17.10.2.6.3. Xanthan gum
  - 17.10.2.7. Stimuli-responsive Biopolymers
    - 17.10.2.7.1. pH-sensitive alginate derivatives
    - 17.10.2.7.2. Thermoresponsive chitosan systems
    - 17.10.2.7.3. Enzyme-responsive materials
  - 17.10.2.8. Bioconjugation Techniques
    - 17.10.2.8.1. Click chemistry for polymer modification
    - 17.10.2.8.2. Enzyme-catalyzed conjugation
    - 17.10.2.8.3. Photo-initiated crosslinking
  - 17.10.2.9. Sustainable Particle Formation
    - 17.10.2.9.1. Spray-drying with green solvents
    - 17.10.2.9.2. Electrospinning of biopolymers
    - 17.10.2.9.3. Supercritical fluid-assisted particle formation
- 17.10.3. Sustainable Medical Devices
- 17.10.4. Personalized Chemistry in Medicine
  - 17.10.4.1. Tailored Drug Delivery Systems
  - 17.10.4.2. Personalized Diagnostic Materials
  - 17.10.4.3. Custom-synthesized Therapeutics
  - 17.10.4.4. Biocompatible Materials for Implants
  - 17.10.4.5. 3D-printed Pharmaceuticals
  - 17.10.4.6. Personalized Nutrient Formulations
- 17.10.5. Companies
17.11. Advanced Materials for 3D Printing
- 17.11.1. Bio-based 3D Printing Resins
- 17.11.2. Recyclable and Reusable 3D Printing Materials
- 17.11.3. Functional and Smart 3D Printing Materials
- 17.11.4. Companies
17.12. Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Design
- 17.12.1. Machine Learning for Molecular Design
- 17.12.2. AI-driven Retrosynthesis Planning
- 17.12.3. Predictive Modelling of Chemical Properties
- 17.12.4. AI in Process Optimization
- 17.12.5. Automated Lab Systems and Robotics
- 17.12.6. AI for Materials Discovery and Development
17.13. Quantum Chemistry Applications
- 17.13.1. Quantum Computing for Molecular Simulations
- 17.13.2. Quantum Sensors in Chemical Analysis
- 17.13.3. Quantum-inspired Algorithms for Property Prediction
- 17.13.4. Quantum Approaches to Catalyst Design
- 17.13.5. Quantum Chemistry in Drug Discovery
- 17.13.6. Quantum Effects in Nanomaterials
- 17.13.7. Companies

18. ECONOMIC ASPECTS AND BUSINESS MODELS

18.1. Cost Competitiveness of Sustainable Chemical Technologies
18.2. Investment Trends in Green Chemistry
18.3. New Business Models in the Circular Economy
18.4. Market Dynamics and Consumer Preferences
18.5. Intellectual Property Considerations
18.6. Case Studies
- 18.6.1. Bio-based Production of Bulk Chemicals
- 18.6.2. CO2 to Polymers: Innovating in Materials
- 18.6.3. Waste Plastic to Fuels and Chemicals
- 18.6.4. Green Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
- 18.6.5. Sustainable Agriculture Chemicals
- 18.6.6. Circular Economy in Action: Closing the Loop in Packaging
- 18.6.7. Revolutionizing Textiles: From Petrochemicals to Bio-based Fibers

19. FUTURE OUTLOOK AND EMERGING TRENDS

19.1. Convergence of Bio, Nano, and Information Technologies
19.2. Quantum Computing in Chemical Research and Development
19.3. Space-based Manufacturing of Chemicals
19.4. Artificial Photosynthesis and Solar Fuels
19.5. Personalized and On-demand Chemical Manufacturing
19.6. The Role of Chemistry in Achieving Net-Zero Emissions
19.7. Circular Economy Solutions
19.8. Artificial Intelligence and Digitalization Impact
19.9. Quantum Chemistry Prospects

20. APPENDICES

20.1. Glossary of Terms
20.2. List of Abbreviations
20.3. Research Methodology

21. REFERENCES

簡介目錄圖表

List of Tables

Table 1. Global drivers and trends in sustainable chemicals
Table 2. Role of Digitalization and Industry 4.0 in Sustainable Chemicals
Table 3. Types of sustainable chemicals and applications in agriculture
Table 4. Types of sustainable chemicals and applications in Green Cosmetics and Personal Care
Table 5. Types of sustainable chemicals and applications in Sustainable Packaging
Table 6. Types of sustainable chemicals and applications in Eco-friendly Paints and Coatings
Table 7. Types of sustainable chemicals and applications in Alternative Fuels and Lubricants
Table 8. Types of sustainable chemicals and applications in Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare
Table 9. Types of sustainable chemicals and applications in Water Treatment and Purification
Table 10. Sustainable Chemicals and Materials in Carbon Capture and Utilization
Table 11. Types of sustainable chemicals and applications in Advanced Materials for 3D Printing
Table 12. Sustainable Mining and Metallurgy
Table 13. Comparison of traditional and sustainable chemical feedstocks
Table 14. Types of Biomass and Their Chemical Compositions
Table 15. Pretreatment and Conversion Technologies
Table 16. Challenges in Scaling Up Biomass Utilization
Table 17. CO2 Capture Technologies
Table 18. Chemical Conversion Pathways for CO2
Table 19. Economic and Technical Barriers to CO2 Utilization
Table 20. Industrial Waste Streams and By-products
Table 21. Electrolysis Technologies
Table 22. Types of biocatalysts
Table 23. Heterogeneous Catalysis Advancements
Table 24. Photocatalysis vs Electrocatalysis
Table 25. Applications of chemically recycled materials
Table 26. Summary of non-catalytic pyrolysis technologies
Table 27. Summary of catalytic pyrolysis technologies
Table 28. Summary of pyrolysis technique under different operating conditions
Table 29. Biomass materials and their bio-oil yield
Table 30. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process
Table 31. Pyrolysis companies and plant capacities, current and planned
Table 32. Summary of gasification technologies
Table 33. Advanced recycling (Gasification) companies
Table 34. Summary of dissolution technologies
Table 35. Advanced recycling (Dissolution) companies
Table 36. Depolymerisation processes for PET, PU, PC and PA, products and yields
Table 37. Summary of hydrolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers
Table 38. Summary of Enzymolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers
Table 39. Summary of methanolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers
Table 40. Summary of glycolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers
Table 41. Summary of aminolysis technologies
Table 42. Advanced recycling (Depolymerisation) companies and capacities (current and planned)
Table 43. Overview of hydrothermal cracking for advanced chemical recycling
Table 44. Overview of Pyrolysis with in-line reforming for advanced chemical recycling
Table 45. Overview of microwave-assisted pyrolysis for advanced chemical recycling
Table 46. Overview of plasma pyrolysis for advanced chemical recycling
Table 47. Overview of plasma gasification for advanced chemical recycling
Table 48. Key methods used in upcycling chemical waste
Table 49. Circular Business Models in the Chemical Sector
Table 50.Challenges and Opportunities
Table 51. Chemical recycling companies
Table 52. Methods of electrochemical synthesis
Table 53. P2X integration in chemical production
Table 54. AI and ML applications in the chemical industry
Table 55. Key components and applications of digital twins in chemical plant operations
Table 56. Key cybersecurity challenges in the digitalized chemical industry
Table 57. Types of advanced manufacturing technologies in the chemical industry
Table 58. Key Features of Microreactors and Process Intensification
Table 59. Advantages in Pharmaceuticals and Fine Chemicals
Table 60. Challenges in Scale-up and Implementation
Table 61. Advantages of Modular and Distributed Manufacturing
Table 62. Challenges in Implementing Modular and Distributed Manufacturing
Table 63. Comparison of Direct Ink Writing and Reactive Printing
Table 64. Applications in Custom Synthesis and Formulation
Table 65. Components of Flexible and Adaptable Production Systems
Table 66. Feedstock-based Classification
Table 67. Platform-based Classification
Table 68. Product-based Classification
Table 69. Process Integration Strategies in Biorefineries
Table 70. Production capacities of biorefinery lignin producers
Table 71. Algal Biorefinery Products
Table 72. Types of Cell Culture Systems
Table 73. Factors Affecting Cell Culture Performance
Table 74. Types of Fermentation Processes
Table 75. Factors Affecting Fermentation Performance
Table 76. Advances in Fermentation Technology
Table 77. Types of Purification Methods in Downstream Processing
Table 78. Factors Affecting Purification Performance
Table 79. Advances in Purification Technology
Table 80. Common formulation methods used in biomanufacturing
Table 81. Factors Affecting Formulation Performance
Table 82. Advances in Formulation Technology
Table 83. Factors Affecting Scale-up Performance in Biomanufacturing
Table 84. Scale-up Strategies in Biomanufacturing
Table 85. Factors Affecting Optimization Performance in Biomanufacturing
Table 86. Optimization Strategies in Biomanufacturing
Table 87. Types of Quality Control Tests in Biomanufacturing
Table 88.Factors Affecting Quality Control Performance in Biomanufacturing
Table 89. Factors Affecting Characterization Performance in Biomanufacturing
Table 90. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes
Table 91. Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing
Table 92. Comparison of Modes of Operation
Table 93. Host organisms commonly used in biomanufacturing
Table 94. CO2 non-conversion and conversion technology, advantages and disadvantages
Table 95. Carbon utilization revenue forecast by product (US$)
Table 96. Carbon utilization business models
Table 97. CO2 utilization and removal pathways
Table 98. Market challenges for CO2 utilization
Table 99. Example CO2 utilization pathways
Table 100. CO2 derived products via Thermochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
Table 101. CO2 derived products via electrochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
Table 102. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
Table 103. Companies developing and producing CO2-based polymers
Table 104. Companies developing mineral carbonation technologies
Table 105. Comparison of emerging CO2 utilization applications
Table 106. Main routes to CO2-fuels
Table 107. Market overview for CO2 derived fuels
Table 108. Main routes to CO2 -fuels
Table 109. Power-to-Methane projects
Table 110. Microalgae products and prices
Table 111. Main Solar-Driven CO2 Conversion Approaches
Table 112. Companies in CO2-derived fuel products
Table 113. Commodity chemicals and fuels manufactured from CO2
Table 114. Companies in CO2-derived chemicals products
Table 115. Carbon capture technologies and projects in the cement sector
Table 116. Prefabricated versus ready-mixed concrete markets
Table 117. CO2 utilization business models in building materials
Table 118. Companies in CO2 derived building materials
Table 119. Market challenges for CO2 utilization in construction materials
Table 120. Companies in CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
Table 121. Applications of CCS in oil and gas production
Table 122. CO2 EOR/Storage Challenges
Table 123. Comparison of types of biocatalysts
Table 124. Types of Microorganism Biocatalysts
Table 125. Examples of fungal hosts
Table 126. Commonly used yeast hosts
Table 127. Common Algal Species Used in Biocatalysis and Their Applications
Table 128. Common Cyanobacterial Species Used in Biocatalysis and Their Applications
Table 129. Comparison of Algae and Cyanobacteria in Biocatalysis
Table 130. Types of Engineered Biocatalysts
Table 131. Types of Detergent Enzymes
Table 132.Types of Food Processing Enzymes
Table 133. Types of Textile Processing Enzymes
Table 134. Types of Paper and Pulp Processing Enzymes
Table 135. Types of Leather Processing Enzymes
Table 136. Types of Biofuel Production Enzymes
Table 137. Types of Animal Feed Enzymes
Table 138. Types of Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Enzymes
Table 139. Types of Waste Management and Bioremediation Enzymes
Table 140. Types of Agriculture and Crop Improvement Enzymes
Table 141. Comparison of enzyme types
Table 142. Other Types of Biocatalysts
Table 143. Production methods for biocatalysts
Table 144. Fermentation processes
Table 145. Waste-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced
Table 146. Microbial and mineral-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced
Table 147. Comparison of Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Systems
Table 148. Key biomanufacturing processes utilized in synthetic biology
Table 149. Molecules produced through industrial biomanufacturing
Table 150. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing
Table 151. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes
Table 152. Synthetic biology fermentation processes
Table 153. Cell-free versus cell-based systems
Table 154. Key applications of genome engineering
Table 155. Comparison of Immobilization and Encapsulation Techniques
Table 156. Types of Nanoparticle Biocatalysts
Table 157. Types of Biocatalytic Cascades and Multi-Enzyme Systems
Table 158. Key aspects of microfluidics in biocatalysts
Table 159. Companies developing biocatalysts
Table 160. Key tools and techniques used in metabolic engineering for pathway optimization
Table 161. Key applications of metabolic engineering
Table 162. Main DNA synthesis technologies
Table 163. Main gene assembly methods
Table 164. Key applications of genome engineering
Table 165. Engineered proteins in industrial applications
Table 166.Key computational tools and their applications in synthetic biology
Table 167. Feedstocks for synthetic biology
Table 168. Products from C1 feedstocks in white biotechnology
Table 169. C2 Feedstock Products
Table 170. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
Table 171. Common starch sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals
Table 172. Biomass processes summary, process description and TRL
Table 173. Pathways for hydrogen production from biomass
Table 174. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size
Table 175. Synthetic Biology Market Players
Table 176. Types of bio-based solvents
Table 177. Solvent Selection Tools and Frameworks
Table 178. Companies developing bio-based solvents
Table 179. MSW-to-chemicals processes
Table 180. Agricultural and food waste valorization approaches
Table 181. Value Proposition for Critical Material Extraction Technologies
Table 182. Critical Material Extraction Methods Evaluated by Key Performance Metrics
Table 183. Critical Rare-Earth Element Recovery Technologies from Secondary Sources
Table 184. Li-ion Battery Technology Metal Recovery Methods-Metal, Recovery Method, Recovery Efficiency, Challenges, Environmental Impact, Economic Viability
Table 185. Critical Semiconductor Materials Recovery-Material, Primary Source, Recovery Method, Recovery Efficiency, Challenges, Potential Applications
Table 186. Critical Semiconductor Material Recovery from Secondary Sources
Table 187. Critical Platinum Group Metal Recovery
Table 188. Bio-based flocculants and coagulants
Table 189. Bio-based polymer membranes
Table 190. Ceramic membranes from recycled materials
Table 191. Types of Advanced adsorbents
Table 192. Nutrient recovery technologies
Table 193. Resource recovery processes:
Table 194. Types of bioelectrochemical systems
Table 195. Types of green solvents used in extraction processes
Table 196. Types of biodegradable chelating agents
Table 197. Types of biocatalysts used in wastewater treatment
Table 198. Types of advanced adsorption materials
Table 199. Types of sustainable pH adjustment chemicals
Table 200. Green Lixiviants for Metal Extraction
Table 201. Sustainable Flotation Chemicals
Table 202. Electrochemical Recovery Methods
Table 203. Geopolymers and Mine Tailings Utilization
Table 204. Sustainable remediation technologies
Table 205. Waste-to-energy technologies
Table 206. Advanced separation techniques
Table 207. Companies in waste valorization and resource recovery
Table 208. Energy Efficiency Measures in Chemical Plants
Table 209. Renewable Energy Sources in Chemical Production
Table 210. Energy Storage Technologies for Process Industries
Table 211. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Systems
Table 212. Green Chemistry Metrics and Sustainability Indicators
Table 213. Key principles of Safety by Design
Table 214. Key steps in risk assessment for new chemical technologies
Table 215. Key components of EIA for chemical processes
Table 216. Environmental Policies Driving Sustainable Chemistry
Table 217. Incentives and Support Mechanisms for Green Chemistry
Table 218. Challenges in Regulating Emerging Technologies
Table 219. International Cooperation and Harmonization Efforts
Table 220. LDPE film versus PLA, 2019-24 (USD/tonne)
Table 221. PLA properties
Table 222. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of PHAs in packaging
Table 223. Market overview for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in paperboard and packaging-market age, key benefits, applications and producers
Table 224. Applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC)
Table 225. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in packaging
Table 226. Applications of Bacterial Nanocellulose in Packaging
Table 227. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies
Table 228. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size
Table 229. Companies developing algal-based bioplastics
Table 230. Overview of mycelium fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 231. Overview of chitosan-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 232. Commercial Examples of Chitosan-based Films and Coatings and Companies
Table 233. Bio-based naphtha markets and applications
Table 234. Bio-naphtha market value chain
Table 235. Commercial Examples of Bio-Naphtha Packaging and Companies
Table 236. Bioplastics and biodegradable polymers market players
Table 237. Biopesticides and Biocontrol Agents
Table 238. Types of Controlled Release Fertilizers
Table 239. Common Natural Product Biostimulants and Their Modes of Action
Table 240. Commercially available microbial bioinsecticides
Table 241. Common Biochemicals Used in Agriculture
Table 242. Types of Biopesticides
Table 243. Sustainable Agriculture Chemicals Market Players
Table 244. Established bio-based construction materials
Table 245. Types of self-healing concrete
Table 246. Types of biobased aerogels
Table 247. Sustainable Construction Materials Market Players
Table 248. Pros and cons of different type of food packaging materials
Table 249. Active Biodegradable Films films and their food applications
Table 250. Intelligent Biodegradable Films
Table 251. Edible films and coatings market summary
Table 252. Types of polyols
Table 253. Polyol producers
Table 254. Bio-based polyurethane coating products
Table 255. Bio-based acrylate resin products
Table 256. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis
Table 257. Commercially available PHAs
Table 258. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings
Table 259. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in paints and coatings
Table 260. Types of protein based-biomaterials, applications and companies
Table 261. CO2 utilization and removal pathways
Table 262. CO2 utilization products developed by chemical and plastic producers
Table 263. Sustainable packaging market players
Table 264. Natural and Bio-based Ingredients
Table 265. Biodegradable polymers
Table 266. CNC properties
Table 267.Types of PHAs and properties
Table 268. Technical lignin types and applications
Table 269. Properties of lignins and their applications
Table 270. Production capacities of technical lignin producers
Table 271. Production capacities of biorefinery lignin producers
Table 272. Examples of Waterless Formulations
Table 273. Green Cosmetics and Personal Care Market Players
Table 274. Example envinronmentally friendly coatings, advantages and disadvantages
Table 275. Plant Waxes
Table 276. Types of alkyd resins and properties
Table 277. Market summary for bio-based alkyd coatings-raw materials, advantages, disadvantages, applications and producers
Table 278. Bio-based alkyd coating products
Table 279. Types of polyols
Table 280. Polyol producers
Table 281. Bio-based polyurethane coating products
Table 282. Market summary for bio-based epoxy resins
Table 283. Bio-based polyurethane coating products
Table 284. Bio-based acrylate resin products
Table 285. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis
Table 286. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global paints and coatings OEMs
Table 287. Companies developing CNF products in paints and coatings, applications targeted and stage of commercialization
Table 288. Types of protein based-biomaterials, applications and companies
Table 289. Overview of algal coatings-description, properties, application and market size
Table 290. Companies developing algal-based plastics
Table 291. Eco-friendly Paints and Coatings Market Players
Table 292. Examples of Biodegradable Electronic Materials and Applications
Table 293. Benefits of Green Electronics Manufacturing
Table 294. Challenges in adopting Green Electronics manufacturing
Table 295. Key areas where the PCB industry can improve sustainability
Table 296. Improving sustainability of PCB design
Table 297. PCB design options for sustainability
Table 298. Sustainability benefits and challenges associated with 3D printing
Table 299. Conductive ink producers
Table 300. Green and lead-free solder companies
Table 301. Biodegradable substrates for PCBs
Table 302. Overview of mycelium fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 303. Application of lignin in composites
Table 304. Properties of lignins and their applications
Table 305. Properties of flexible electronics-cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper)
Table 306. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers for electronics
Table 307. Commercially available PHAs
Table 308. Main limitations of the FR4 material system used for manufacturing printed circuit boards (PCBs)
Table 309. Halogen-free FR4 companies
Table 310. Properties of biobased PCBs
Table 311. Applications of flexible (bio) polyimide PCBs
Table 312. Main patterning and metallization steps in PCB fabrication and sustainable options
Table 313. Sustainability issues with conventional metallization processes
Table 314. Benefits of print-and-plate
Table 315. Sustainable alternative options to standard plating resists used in printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication
Table 316. Applications for laser induced forward transfer
Table 317. Copper versus silver inks in laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) for electronics fabrication
Table 318. Approaches for in-situ oxidation prevention
Table 319. Market readiness and maturity of different lead-free solders and electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) for electronics manufacturing
Table 320. Advantages of green electroless plating
Table 321. Comparison of component attachment materials
Table 322. Comparison between sustainable and conventional component attachment materials for printed circuit boards
Table 323. Comparison between the SMAs and SMPs
Table 324. Comparison of conductive biopolymers versus conventional materials for printed circuit board fabrication
Table 325. Comparison of curing and reflow processes used for attaching components in electronics assembly
Table 326. Low temperature solder alloys
Table 327. Thermally sensitive substrate materials
Table 328. Limitations of existing IC production
Table 329. Strategies for improving sustainability in integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing
Table 330. Comparison of oxidation methods and level of sustainability
Table 331. Stage of commercialization for oxides
Table 332. Alternative doping techniques
Table 333. Metal content mg / Kg in Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) from waste desktop computers
Table 334. Chemical recycling methods for handling electronic waste
Table 335. Electrochemical processes for recycling metals from electronic waste
Table 336. Thermal recycling processes for electronic waste
Table 337. Green Electronics Market Players
Table 338. Properties and applications of the main natural fibres
Table 339. Types of sustainable alternative leathers
Table 340. Properties of bio-based leathers
Table 341. Comparison with conventional leathers
Table 342. Price of commercially available sustainable alternative leather products
Table 343. Comparative analysis of sustainable alternative leathers
Table 344. Key processing steps involved in transforming plant fibers into leather materials
Table 345. Current and emerging plant-based leather products
Table 346. Companies developing plant-based leather products
Table 347. Overview of mycelium-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 348. Companies developing mycelium-based leather products
Table 349. Types of microbial-derived leather alternative
Table 350. Companies developing microbial leather products
Table 351. Companies developing plant-based leather products
Table 352. Types of protein-based leather alternatives
Table 353. Companies developing protein based leather
Table 354. Companies developing sustainable coatings and dyes for leather -
Table 355. Sustainable Textiles and Fibers Market Players
Table 356. Biodiesel by generation
Table 357. Biodiesel production techniques
Table 358. Summary of pyrolysis technique under different operating conditions
Table 359. Biomass materials and their bio-oil yield
Table 360. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process
Table 361. Properties of vegetable oils in comparison to diesel
Table 362. Main producers of HVO and capacities
Table 363. Example commercial Development of BtL processes
Table 364. Pilot or demo projects for biomass to liquid (BtL) processes
Table 365. Global biodiesel consumption, 2010-2035 (M litres/year)
Table 366. Global renewable diesel consumption, 2010-2035 (M litres/year)
Table 367. Renewable diesel price ranges
Table 368. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel
Table 369. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel
Table 370. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities
Table 371. Global bio-jet fuel consumption 2019-2035 (Million litres/year)
Table 372. Bio-based naphtha markets and applications
Table 373. Bio-naphtha market value chain
Table 374. Bio-naphtha pricing against petroleum-derived naphtha and related fuel products
Table 375. Bio-based Naphtha production capacities, by producer
Table 376. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas
Table 377. Processes in bioethanol production
Table 378. Microorganisms used in CBP for ethanol production from biomass lignocellulosic
Table 379. Ethanol consumption 2010-2035 (million litres)
Table 380. Biogas feedstocks
Table 381. Existing and planned bio-LNG production plants
Table 382. Methods for capturing carbon dioxide from biogas
Table 383. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways
Table 384. Markets and applications for biohydrogen
Table 385. Summary of gasification technologies
Table 386. Overview of hydrothermal cracking for advanced chemical recycling
Table 387. Applications of e-fuels, by type
Table 388. Overview of e-fuels
Table 389. Benefits of e-fuels
Table 390. eFuel production facilities, current and planned
Table 391. E-fuels companies
Table 392. Algae-derived biofuel producers
Table 393. Green ammonia projects (current and planned)
Table 394. Blue ammonia projects
Table 395. Ammonia fuel cell technologies
Table 396. Market overview of green ammonia in marine fuel
Table 397. Summary of marine alternative fuels
Table 398. Estimated costs for different types of ammonia
Table 399. Main players in green ammonia
Table 400. Typical composition and physicochemical properties reported for bio-oils and heavy petroleum-derived oils
Table 401. Properties and characteristics of pyrolysis liquids derived from biomass versus a fuel oil
Table 402. Main techniques used to upgrade bio-oil into higher-quality fuels
Table 403. Markets and applications for bio-oil
Table 404. Bio-oil producers
Table 405. Key resource recovery technologies
Table 406. Markets and end uses for refuse-derived fuels (RDF)
Table 407. Bio-based lubricants
Table 408. Alternative Fuels and Lubricants Market Players
Table 409. Types of Green Solvents in Green Pharmaceutical Synthesis
Table 410. Catalysis Methods in Green Pharmaceutical Synthesis
Table 411. Alternative Energy Sources in Pharmaceutical Synthesis
Table 412. Green Oxidation and Reduction Methods
Table 413. Atom-Economical Reactions
Table 414. Bio-based Starting Materials
Table 415. Process Intensification Methods
Table 416. Green Analytical Techniques
Table 417. Sustainable Purification Methods
Table 418. Natural Polymers for Drug Delivery
Table 419. Protein-based Materials for Drug Delivery
Table 420. Polysaccharide-based Systems for Drug Delivery
Table 421. Lipid-based Carriers for Drug Delivery
Table 422. Plant-derived Materials for Drug Delivery
Table 423. Microbial-derived Polymers for Drug Delivery
Table 424. Green Synthesis Methods for Drug Delivery Systems
Table 425. Stimuli-responsive Biopolymers for Drug Delivery
Table 426. Bioconjugation Techniques for Drug Delivery Systems
Table 427. Sustainable Particle Formation Techniques for Drug Delivery
Table 428. Types of Sustainable Medical Devices
Table 429. Sustainable Healthcare and Biomedicine Market Players
Table 430. Types of Bio-based 3D Printing Resins
Table 431. Types of Recyclable and Reusable 3D Printing Materials
Table 432. Types of Functional and Smart 3D Printing Materials
Table 433. Advanced Materials for 3D Printing
Table 434. Companies in Quantum Chemistry Applications
Table 435. Cost Competitiveness of Sustainable Chemical Technologies
Table 436. Investment Trends in Green Chemistry
Table 437. Business Models in the Circular Economy
Table 438. Market Dynamics and Consumer Preferences in Sustainable Chemistry
Table 439. Intellectual Property Considerations
Table 440. Companies developing quantum algorithms for chemical simulations
Table 441. Applications in space-based chemical manufacturing
Table 442. Artificial photosynthesis approaches
Table 443. Applications and benefits of personalized and on-demand chemical manufacturing
Table 444. Technologies for achieving Net-Zero
Table 445. Examples of circular economy solutions in the chemical industry
Table 446. Applications of AI and digitalization in chemicals
Table 447. Quantum chemistry applications
Table 448. Glossary of terms
Table 449. List of Abbreviations

List of Figures

Figure 1. CO2 emissions reduction pathway for the chemical sector
Figure 2. Water extraction methods for natural products
Figure 3. Circular economy model for the chemical industry
Figure 4. Schematic layout of a pyrolysis plant
Figure 5. Waste plastic production pathways to (A) diesel and (B) gasoline
Figure 6. Schematic for Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires
Figure 7. Used tires conversion process
Figure 8. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm3/h of Syngas
Figure 9. Overview of biogas utilization
Figure 10. Biogas and biomethane pathways
Figure 11. Products obtained through the different solvolysis pathways of PET, PU, and PA
Figure 12. Siemens gPROMS Digital Twin schematic
Figure 13. Applications for CO2
Figure 14. Cost to capture one metric ton of carbon, by sector
Figure 15. Life cycle of CO2-derived products and services
Figure 16. Co2 utilization pathways and products
Figure 17. Plasma technology configurations and their advantages and disadvantages for CO2 conversion
Figure 18. Electrochemical CO2 reduction products
Figure 19. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process
Figure 20. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels
Figure 21. Econic catalyst systems
Figure 22. Mineral carbonation processes
Figure 23. Conversion route for CO2-derived fuels and chemical intermediates
Figure 24. Conversion pathways for CO2-derived methane, methanol and diesel
Figure 25. CO2 feedstock for the production of e-methanol
Figure 26. Schematic illustration of (a) biophotosynthetic, (b) photothermal, (c) microbial-photoelectrochemical, (d) photosynthetic and photocatalytic (PS/PC), (e) photoelectrochemical (PEC), and (f) photovoltaic plus electrochemical (PV+EC) approaches for CO2 c
Figure 27. Audi synthetic fuels
Figure 28. Conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels via different pathways
Figure 29. Conversion pathways for CO2-derived polymeric materials
Figure 30. Conversion pathway for CO2-derived building materials
Figure 31. Schematic of CCUS in cement sector
Figure 32. Carbon8 Systems' ACT process
Figure 33. CO2 utilization in the Carbon Cure process
Figure 34. Algal cultivation in the desert
Figure 35. Example pathways for products from cyanobacteria
Figure 36. Typical Flow Diagram for CO2 EOR
Figure 37. Large CO2-EOR projects in different project stages by industry
Figure 38. Carbon mineralization pathways
Figure 39. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems
Figure 40. The design-make-test-learn loop of generative biology
Figure 41. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing
Figure 42. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering
Figure 43. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis
Figure 44. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process
Figure 45. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels
Figure 46. Overview of biogas utilization
Figure 47. Biogas and biomethane pathways
Figure 48. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production
Figure 49. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix
Figure 50. TRL of critical material extraction technologies
Figure 51. Organization and morphology of cellulose synthesizing terminal complexes (TCs) in different organisms
Figure 52. TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals
Figure 53. CNC slurry
Figure 54. CNF gel
Figure 55. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes
Figure 56. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix
Figure 57. Luum Temple, constructed from Bamboo
Figure 58. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam
Figure 59. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials
Figure 60. Self-healing concrete test study with cracked concrete (left) and self-healed concrete after 28 days (right)
Figure 61. Self-healing bacteria crack filler for concrete
Figure 62. Self-healing bio concrete
Figure 63. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc
Figure 64. Types of bio-based materials used for antimicrobial food packaging application
Figure 65. Water soluble packaging by Notpla
Figure 66. Examples of edible films in food packaging
Figure 67. Hefcel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test
Figure 68. Applications for CO2
Figure 69. Life cycle of CO2-derived products and services
Figure 70. Conversion pathways for CO2-derived polymeric materials
Figure 71. Schematic of production of powder coatings
Figure 72. Organization and morphology of cellulose synthesizing terminal complexes (TCs) in different organisms
Figure 73. Types of bio-based materials used for antimicrobial food packaging application
Figure 74. Vapor degreasing
Figure 75. Multi-layered PCB
Figure 76. 3D printed PCB
Figure 77. In-mold electronics prototype devices and products
Figure 78. Silver nanocomposite ink after sintering and resin bonding of discrete electronic components
Figure 79. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam
Figure 80. Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF
Figure 81. CNF composite
Figure 82. Oji CNF transparent sheets
Figure 83. Electronic components using cellulose nanofibers as insulating materials
Figure 84. Dell's Concept Luna laptop
Figure 85. Direct-write, precision dispensing, and 3D printing platform for 3D printed electronics
Figure 86. 3D printed circuit boards from Nano Dimension
Figure 87. Photonic sintering
Figure 88. Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT)
Figure 89. Material jetting 3d printing
Figure 90. Material jetting 3d printing product
Figure 91. The molecular mechanism of the shape memory effect under different stimuli
Figure 92. Supercooled Soldering(TM) Technology
Figure 93. Reflow soldering schematic
Figure 94. Schematic diagram of induction heating reflow
Figure 95. Fully-printed organic thin-film transistors and circuitry on one-micron-thick polymer films
Figure 96. Types of PCBs after dismantling waste computers and monitors
Figure 97. AlgiKicks sneaker, made with the Algiknit biopolymer gel
Figure 98. Conceptual landscape of next-gen leather materials
Figure 99. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam
Figure 100. Hermes bag made of MycoWorks' mycelium leather
Figure 101. Ganni blazer made from bacterial cellulose
Figure 102. Bou Bag by GANNI and Modern Synthesis
Figure 103. Regional production of biodiesel (billion litres)
Figure 104. Flow chart for biodiesel production
Figure 105. Biodiesel (B20) average prices, current and historical, USD/litre
Figure 106. Global biodiesel consumption, 2010-2035 (M litres/year)
Figure 107. SWOT analysis for renewable iesel
Figure 108. Global renewable diesel consumption, 2010-2035 (M litres/year)
Figure 109. SWOT analysis for Bio-aviation fuel
Figure 110. Global bio-jet fuel consumption to 2019-2035 (Million litres/year)
Figure 111. SWOT analysis for bio-naphtha
Figure 112. Bio-based naphtha production capacities, 2018-2035 (tonnes)
Figure 113. SWOT analysis biomethanol
Figure 114. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks
Figure 115. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading
Figure 116. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation
Figure 117. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process
Figure 118. SWOT analysis for ethanol
Figure 119. Ethanol consumption 2010-2035 (million litres)
Figure 120. Properties of petrol and biobutanol
Figure 121. Biobutanol production route
Figure 122. Biogas and biomethane pathways
Figure 123. Overview of biogas utilization
Figure 124. Biogas and biomethane pathways
Figure 125. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production
Figure 126. Schematic overview of biomass gasification for biomethane production
Figure 127. SWOT analysis for biogas
Figure 128. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm3/h of Syngas, 2021
Figure 129. SWOT analysis for biohydrogen
Figure 130. Waste plastic production pathways to (A) diesel and (B) gasoline
Figure 131. Schematic for Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires
Figure 132. Used tires conversion process
Figure 133. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm3/h of Syngas, 2021
Figure 134. Overview of biogas utilization
Figure 135. Biogas and biomethane pathways
Figure 136. Process steps in the production of electrofuels
Figure 137. Mapping storage technologies according to performance characteristics
Figure 138. Production process for green hydrogen
Figure 139. E-liquids production routes
Figure 140. Fischer-Tropsch liquid e-fuel products
Figure 141. Resources required for liquid e-fuel production
Figure 142. Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels
Figure 143. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production
Figure 144. Classification and process technology according to carbon emission in ammonia production
Figure 145. Green ammonia production and use
Figure 146. Schematic of the Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis reaction
Figure 147. Schematic of hydrogen production via steam methane reformation
Figure 148. Estimated production cost of green ammonia
Figure 149. Bio-oil upgrading/fractionation techniques

02-2729-4219

+886-2-2729-4219

License/價格

相關商品

永續化學品市場 - 全球產業規模、佔有率、趨勢、機會和預測，按產品、應用、地區和競爭細分，2019-2029F

FAQ

全球永續化學品市場（2025-2035）

The Global Market for Sustainable Chemicals 2025-2035

這個新時代的主要特徵如下。

這個新時代涵蓋的科技領域如下：

目錄

第1章 執行摘要

第2章 原料

第3章 綠色化學原理與應用

第4章 化工產業循環經濟

第5章 化學過程的電氣化

第6章 化學領域的數位化與工業 4.0

第7章 先進製造技術

第8章 生物精煉與工業生物技術

第9章 CO2利用科技

第10章 可持續化學的先進催化劑

第11章 合成生物學與代謝工程

第12章 綠色溶劑與替代反應介質

第13章 廢棄物加值與資源回收

第14章 能源效率與再生能源整合

第15章 安全與永續性評估

第16章 法規政策

第17章 市場與產品

第18章 經濟面與商業模式

第19章 未來展望與新趨勢

第20章 附錄

第21章 參考文獻

Key aspects of this new era include:

Technology areas covered in this new era include:

Report contents include:

This report is relevant for:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2. FEEDSTOCKS

3. GREEN CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS

4. CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

5. ELECTRIFICATION OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES

6. DIGITALIZATION AND INDUSTRY 4.0 IN CHEMISTRY

7. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES

8. BIOREFINING AND INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

9. CO2. UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGIES

10. ADVANCED CATALYSTS FOR SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY

11. SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY AND METABOLIC ENGINEERING

12. GREEN SOLVENTS AND ALTERNATIVE REACTION MEDIA

13. WASTE VALORIZATION AND RESOURCE RECOVERY

14. ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION

15. SAFETY AND SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT

16. REGULATIONS AND POLICY

17. MARKETS AND PRODUCTS

18. ECONOMIC ASPECTS AND BUSINESS MODELS

19. FUTURE OUTLOOK AND EMERGING TRENDS

20. APPENDICES

21. REFERENCES

List of Tables

List of Figures

第1章執行摘要

第2章原料

第3章綠色化學原理與應用

第4章化工產業循環經濟

第5章化學過程的電氣化

第6章化學領域的數位化與工業 4.0

第7章先進製造技術

第8章生物精煉與工業生物技術

第10章可持續化學的先進催化劑

第11章合成生物學與代謝工程

第12章綠色溶劑與替代反應介質

第13章廢棄物加值與資源回收

第14章能源效率與再生能源整合

第15章安全與永續性評估

第16章法規政策

第17章市場與產品

第18章經濟面與商業模式

第19章未來展望與新趨勢

第20章附錄

第21章參考文獻