5G衛星整合

衛星服務和5G的整合預計將透過改善服務欠缺地區的連接性並使網路更具彈性來徹底改變通訊。衛星和 5G 之間的協同作用是由對可靠連接日益成長的需求推動的，特別是在傳統地面基礎設施缺失或有限的農村和偏遠地區。

非地面網路（NTN）5G仍處於起步階段，但許多努力進行中（工業聯盟、歐空局、研究計畫）。主要挑戰仍然與終端設備的成熟度、製造和維護所需的基礎設施成本以及各部門之間的法規和合作有關。

自Release 17以來的3GPP標準化使5G能夠考慮NTN通信，為低速通信、物聯網和寬頻的最新改進提供了可能性。

本報告調查了5G衛星整合，並總結了當前的市場狀況、5G衛星應用和用例以及未來舉措。

目錄

第1章 執行摘要

第2章 衛星通訊（SATCOM）簡介

• 低軌道巨型衛星星座競爭
• 衛星星座網路的新趨勢與技術

第3章 將衛星整合到 3GPP 生態系

• 當談論 5G NTN（非地面網路）生態系統時，需要考慮該技術的各個方面和組成部分
• 地面外的5G 在太空中面臨獨特的挑戰
• 考慮到空間特殊性，3GPP 標準將 NTN 整合到 5G 中
• 考慮用於 5G NTN 的頻段
• NTN 5G 網路可採用三種主要架構
• NTN 原生支援 6G

第4章 5G衛星應用及使用範例

• 各種用途
• 直接銷售或直接設備服務
• 4G/5G 呼叫架構範例（AST SpaceMobile Verizon）
• NTN物聯網服務
• NTN 5G 寬頻服務
• 地面和衛星網路融合的機會和挑戰
• 依服務類型劃分的市場區隔
• 使用直接設備（或直接單元）的範例
• NTN 物聯網用例
• 寬頻用例
• 將 5G 整合到衛星中以實現各種用例的好處
• 影響未來5G市場的因素 NTN

第5章 歐洲倡議、協會與 NTN 5G 研究計畫

• 多個組織對 NTN 5G 標準表現出濃厚興趣
• NTN 在 5G 和 6G 研發方面的歐洲舉措
• 虹膜

第6章 市場規模

• 整個衛星5G市場的預測

The convergence of satellite services with 5G holds the promise of revolutionising communications by offering increased connectivity in underserved areas and boosting network resilience. This synergy between satellites and 5G is driven by the growing need for reliable connectivity, particularly in rural and remote areas where traditional terrestrial infrastructure is absent or limited.

• Global Coverage
• Resilience
• New Markets

Although Non-terrestrial Network (NTN) 5G is still in its infancy, a number of initiatives are underway (industrial consortia, ESA, research projects).

The main challenges remain related to the maturity of the end equipment, the cost of the infrastructure required for production and maintenance, and the regulations and cooperation between the various segments.

3GPP standardisation since Release 17 has enabled 5G to take into account NTN communications, offering the possibility of low-speed communication, the Internet of Things and recent improvements for broadband.

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Introduction to satellite communications (SATCOM)

• 2.1. The race for mega constellations in low-Earth orbit
• 2.2. Emerging trends and technologies in satellite constellation networks

3. Satellite integration into the 3GPP ecosystem

• 3.1. When talking about the 5G NTN (Non-Terrestrial Networks) ecosystem, various aspects and components of this technology need to be taken into account
• 3.2. Non-terrestrial 5G faces specificities challenges in the space sector
• 3.3. 3GPP standard integrates NTN into 5G, taking into account the specificities of space
• 3.4. Frequency bands considered for 5G NTN
• 3.5 Three main architectures are possible for NTN 5G networks
• 3.6 NTN will be native to 6G

4. 5G satellite applications and use cases

• Different applications
• Direct-to-Cell or Direct-to-Device service
• Example of 4G/5G call architecture (AST SpaceMobile Verizon)
• NTN IoT Service
• NTN 5G service for broadband
• Opportunities and challenges of integrating terrestrial and satellite networks
• Market segment by type of service
• Direct-to-Device (or direct-to-cell) use cases
• NTN IoT use cases
• Broadband use cases
• The benefits of integrating 5G into satellites for different use cases
• Factors influencing the future 5G market NTN

5. European initiatives, associations and NTN 5G research projects

• Various associations express strong interest in the NTN 5G standard
• European initiatives for NTN research and development on 5G, 6G
• IRIS2

6. Market sizing

• Estimations of the total satellite-5G market

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