鋼絲市場報告：趨勢、預測和競爭分析（至 2031 年）

全球鋼絲市場未來前景看好，在建築、汽車、能源、農業和工業市場都機會。預計到 2031 年全球鋼絲市場規模將達到 1,546 億美元，2025 年至 2031 年的複合年成長率為 4.5%。該市場的主要驅動力是基礎設施開發活動的增加以及汽車和航空工業對這些電線的大量使用。

• 據 Lucintel 稱，基於類型，碳鋼預計將在預測期內實現最高成長，因為它具有耐用性和價格實惠的特點，主要應用於線圈、金屬網格、硬體、汽車等各種工業用途。
• 根據最終用途行業，建設業可能是最大的細分市場，因為該行業對用於各種應用的鋼絲的需求日益成長，例如金屬網格、金屬網格、預應力混凝土、混凝土結構鋼筋等。
• 由於建築、汽車和製造業等各行業對鋼絲的需求很高，預計亞太地區將在預測期內出現最高成長。

鋼絲市場的策略性成長機會

由於技術發展和工業要求的不斷提高，鋼絲市場的多種應用為戰略擴張提供了充足的機會。主要機會包括進入新市場、引進特種線材產品線、採用現代製造技術、融入永續性理念、增加建築和基礎設施相關活動。

• 擴張新興市場：新興市場由於都市化和工業化率高，有利於鋼絲產業的成長。目前，各家公司正在向新的地理市場擴張，這些市場的基礎設施和建築投資水準正在不斷提高。這種地理擴張提供了新的市場機會和收益多樣化，以利用不斷成長的鋼絲產品市場。
• 特殊鋼絲產品的開發：對特殊鋼絲產品的需求日益增加，例如高抗張強度鋼絲、耐腐蝕鋼絲、耐熱鋼絲等。這些專業產品為公司提供了競爭優勢，因為它們服務於汽車、航太和電子等不同的市場。這種專業化的趨勢正在激發創造力並開拓市場的新領域。
• 採用先進的製造技術：採用自動化和工業4.0等先進的製造技術也將提供成長機會。這些高效的生產方法提高了生產速度、精度和質量，從而以更低的營運成本生產出更高品質的鋼絲。採用這些技術對於維持行業競爭力和滿足不斷變化的市場需求至關重要。
• 永續性實踐的整合：永續性已成為鋼絲市場的一個成長機會。為了回應全球環境問題和監管要求，人們正在轉向採用環保的生產方法和使用再生材料。這種永續性策略滿足了市場需求，並有助於減少公司對環境的影響。

透過開拓新興市場、注重創新產品開發、引進高階技術、將永續性融入商業實踐、抓住建築市場的成長機會，鋼絲產業可以創造更廣闊的市場機會。企業正在尋找新市場來推動成長並應對行業變化。因此，為了實現成長並在鋼絲市場保持競爭力，必須考慮這些趨勢。

鋼絲市場的促進因素與挑戰

鋼絲市場受到多種因素的影響，包括技術進步、經濟發展、政府政策和政策，以及促進因素和限制因素。主要的市場促進因素包括建築和汽車行業的需求不斷成長、製造流程的現代化以及基礎設施投資的不斷成長。

推動鋼絲市場發展的因素有：

• 建築和汽車行業的需求不斷增加：鋼絲主要用於建築和汽車生產，因為支援這些應用的鋼材具有強度和耐用性。隨著這些產業的發展，特別是在新興經濟體的發展，對鋼絲產品的需求將會增加，為市場成長和創新創造機會。
• 生產中的技術創新：製程自動化和先進的拉絲機等技術創新正在支持鋼絲市場的成長。這些改進意味著成本最佳化能力的提高、生產速度的加快和產品品質的提高。對於製造商來說，採用最尖端科技對於跟上不斷變化的市場趨勢和保持競爭力至關重要。
• 增加基礎建設投資：由於基礎建設的資本投資不斷增加，鋼絲產品的使用量大幅增加。都市化、交通系統開發營運等重大活動正在產生對高抗張強度鋼絲的需求。這一投資趨勢有利於新市場和現有市場的擴張。

鋼絲市場面臨的挑戰是：

• 原料成本波動：鋼絲市場波動帶來的挑戰源自於鋼材和其他合金等原料的成本。這些價格可能非常高，影響生產成本和盈利。製造商必須透過重組供應鏈和採購更實惠的原料來應對這些挑戰，以保持有競爭力的銷售價格和利潤率。
• 法規遵循問題：由於不同國家的鋼絲標準框架不同，法規遵循是鋼絲市場面臨的一大挑戰。滿足產品品質、環境標準以及健康和安全法規等市場需求非常複雜，而且成本高昂。公司必須透明營運以避免法律複雜性並超越最低市場標準。
• 環境問題：二氧化碳排放和廢棄物處理等環境問題是鋼絲產業面臨的嚴峻挑戰。各組織面臨著向更環保的解決方案和技術轉變的壓力。隨著綠色產品需求的不斷成長，不滿足這些要求可能會導致違規和市場佔有率的損失。

建設產業和汽車行業的需求不斷成長、技術進步和基礎設施投資對鋼絲市場產生了積極影響。挑戰包括原料價格波動、監管要求和環境問題。解決這些促進因素和挑戰對於推動成長和確保鋼絲產業的長期永續性至關重要。

目錄

第1章執行摘要

第2章 全球鋼絲市場：市場動態

• 簡介、背景和分類
• 供應鏈
• 產業促進因素與挑戰

第 3 章 市場趨勢與預測分析（2019-2031）

• 宏觀經濟趨勢（2019-2024）與預測（2025-2031）
• 全球鋼絲市場趨勢（2019-2024）及預測（2025-2031）
• 全球鋼絲市場類型
  • 碳鋼
  • 合金鋼
  • 不銹鋼
• 全球鋼絲市場按類型分類
  • 沒有繩子
  • 繩索
• 全球鋼絲市場（按最終用途行業分類）
  • 建造
  • 車
  • 能源
  • 農業
  • 產業
  • 其他

第 4 章。

• 全球鋼絲市場（按區域）
• 北美洲鋼絲市場
• 歐洲鋼絲市場
• 亞太鋼絲市場
• 世界其他地區鋼絲市場

第5章 競爭分析

• 產品系列分析
• 業務整合
• 波特五力分析

第6章 成長機會與策略分析

• 成長機會分析
  • 全球鋼絲市場成長機會（按類型）
  • 全球鋼絲市場成長機會（按類型）
  • 全球鋼絲市場成長機會（依最終用途產業分類）
  • 全球鋼絲市場各區域成長機會
• 全球鋼絲市場的新趨勢
• 戰略分析
  • 新產品開發
  • 全球鋼絲市場產能擴張
  • 全球鋼絲市場的併購與合資
  • 認證和許可

第7章主要企業公司簡介

• ArcelorMittal
• Nippon Steel
• JFE Steel
• Bekaert
• Tata Steel
• Kobe Steel
• Ferrier Nord

The future of the global steel wire market looks promising with opportunities in the construction, automotive, energy, agriculture, and industrial markets. The global steel wire market is expected to reach an estimated $154.6 billion by 2031 with a CAGR of 4.5% from 2025 to 2031. The major drivers for this market are the rising infrastructural development activities and the significant use of these wires in the automotive and aviation industries.

• Lucintel forecasts that, within the type category, carbon steel is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period due to its significant application in various industrial applications such as wire loops, wire mesh, hardware, and automobiles given its features like durability and affordability.
• Within the end use industry category, construction will remain the largest segment due to the growing need for steel wire in this industry for use in a variety of applications, such as wire mesh and wire fencing, prestressed concrete, and reinforcement in concrete buildings.
• In terms of regions, APAC is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period due to the high demand for steel wire in a variety of industries, such as the construction, automotive, and manufacturing sectors of this region.

Gain valuable insights for your business decisions with our comprehensive 150+ page report.

Emerging Trends in the Steel Wire Market

The steel wire market is witnessing significant transformation driven by advancements in technology, shifting industry needs, and evolving consumer demands. As a fundamental component in a wide range of industries-from construction and automotive to telecommunications and energy-the market for steel wire is adapting to meet the challenges of sustainability, automation, and innovative applications. Emerging trends such as increased demand for high-strength and corrosion-resistant wire, the growing use of steel wire in renewable energy sectors, and advancements in manufacturing processes are shaping the future of the industry. Additionally, the global push for reducing carbon emissions and increasing operational efficiency is creating new opportunities and challenges for steel wire producers.

• Demand for High-Strength and Corrosion-Resistant Wires As industries focus more on durability and performance, there is an increased demand for high-strength, corrosion-resistant steel wires. These are critical for use in extreme environments, such as offshore drilling and marine applications, as well as in the construction and automotive sectors where longevity and safety are paramount.
• Integration of Smart Technologies and Automation The adoption of smart technologies and automation in manufacturing processes is improving productivity, reducing costs, and enhancing product quality. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics, and Internet of Things (IoT) is allowing for more efficient production lines, better quality control, and the ability to meet custom specifications more easily.
• Shift Toward Sustainable Production Practices The steel wire industry is increasingly prioritizing sustainability. This includes reducing the carbon footprint of production processes, recycling scrap metal, and using cleaner energy sources in manufacturing. The rising emphasis on eco-friendly materials is aligning with global trends toward sustainability and green construction practices.
• Use of Steel Wire in Renewable Energy Projects With the rise of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, steel wire is finding expanded applications in these sectors. Steel wire is used in wind turbine production, as well as in energy storage solutions and infrastructure for solar energy projects. The demand for these applications is expected to grow significantly as the global energy transition accelerates.
• Customization and Specialization Manufacturers are increasingly offering customized steel wire products to meet specific industry needs. These tailored solutions are becoming more prevalent in niche markets such as medical devices, aerospace, and specialized construction, where precise specifications and specialized wire types are crucial for performance.
• Rising Use of Steel Wire in Electric Vehicles (EVs) The electric vehicle market is growing rapidly, and steel wire plays a significant role in the production of components such as batteries, motor systems, and wiring. As EV adoption accelerates, the demand for specialized steel wires that meet high-performance standards will continue to rise.

The steel wire market is undergoing notable shifts driven by technological advancements, sustainability efforts, and changing market demands. High-strength, corrosion-resistant products, along with automation and eco-friendly manufacturing practices, are at the forefront of these trends. As industries increasingly prioritize renewable energy, electric vehicles, and customized solutions, the steel wire sector is well-positioned to meet these challenges and opportunities. The future of the market lies in innovation, flexibility, and the ability to meet the evolving needs of a diverse range of industries, while balancing sustainability and efficiency.

Recent Developments in the Steel Wire Market

The steel wire market is advancing due to technological advancements, improvements in production processes, and changes in market needs. The most recent developments focus on enhancing the quality of finished products, creating new markets for existing products, and incorporating sustainable practices. Some of these developments include product innovations in high-strength steel wires, technological advancements in production processes, corrosion resistance enhancements, extensions of steel wire use into newer areas, and the promotion of sustainability.

• High-Strength Steel Wires: As a result of these advantages, high-strength steel wires are rapidly gaining popularity in modern applications. Improving alloy compositions and enhancing heat treatment processes have successfully produced advanced wires that can endure severe conditions and strains. This development is crucial for achieving high performance and reliability in construction, automotive, and aerospace applications.
• Enhancements in Production Technology: The effectiveness of modern advancements in steel wire production technology, such as the use of automated systems and advanced drawing techniques, has significantly improved productivity and uniformity of finished products. These technologies help reduce production expenses, improve accuracy, and facilitate the design of more intricate wire forms. These advancements are noteworthy in meeting various customer needs and enhancing product quality overall.
• Improvements in Corrosion Resistance: The introduction of new coatings and alloy techniques has led to the development of steel wires that are more corrosion-resistant than previously available on the market. These enhancements are especially important for techniques or machinery used in extreme conditions like marine or industrial environments, where corrosion poses significant challenges. Corrosion-resistant steel wires are engineered for longer working periods and low maintenance, benefiting many business sectors.
• Expansion into New Applications: The steel wire market is diversifying into different applications to respond to the demand for specialized products. Wires used in electronics, medical devices, and advanced manufacturing have created additional new markets for the industry. This expansion is associated with market growth and more effective solutions for new demands from various industries.

The recent trends in the steel wire market indicate that producers are making significant improvements in technologies, production, and consumption of products. Innovations in high-strength materials, production methods, corrosion resistance, and sustainability practices are some factors fueling the market and adapting to the changing demands of various industries.

Strategic Growth Opportunities for Steel Wire Market

Several applications in the steel wire market provide ample scope for strategic expansion owing to technological developments and increased industrial requirements. Key opportunities include entering new markets, introducing specialized wire product lines, embracing modern manufacturing techniques, integrating sustainability, and increasing construction and infrastructure-related activities.

• Expansion into Emerging Markets: Emerging markets are favorable for growth in the steel wire industry due to high rates of urbanization and industrialization. Companies are now venturing into new geographical markets where there is a rising level of investment in infrastructure and construction. This geographical extension brings new market opportunities and revenue diversification, taking advantage of the growing market for steel wire products.
• Development of Specialized Wire Products: There is an increasing demand for specialized steel wire products, such as high-tensile wires, corrosion-resistant wires, and heat-resistant wires. These specialized products give companies a competitive advantage as they serve diverse markets like the automotive sector, aerospace, and electronics. This trend toward specialization is stimulating creativity and developing new areas within the market.
• Adoption of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: The adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies, such as automation and Industry 4.0, also presents growth opportunities. These efficient production methods enhance production speed, accuracy, and quality, resulting in the ability to manufacture high-quality steel wires at lower operational costs. It is crucial to adopt these technologies to remain competitive in the industry and satisfy changing market demands.
• Integration of Sustainability Practices: Sustainability is emerging as a growth opportunity in the steel wire market. There is a move towards environmentally friendly production methods and the use of recycled materials in response to global environmental concerns and regulatory requirements. This sustainability strategy aligns with market needs and helps reduce the environmental impact of companies.

Wider market opportunities in the steel wire industry are presented by mastering emerging markets, focusing on innovative product development, implementing high-end technology, integrating sustainability into business practices, and tapping into growth in construction markets. Companies are looking for new markets to facilitate growth and respond to changes in the industry. Therefore, it is essential to consider these trends to achieve growth and maintain competitiveness within the steel wire market.

Steel Wire Market Driver and Challenges

The steel wire market encompasses various factors such as drivers and restraints, starting with technological advancements, economic development, and government policies and regulations. Key market drivers include increased construction and automotive sector demands, modernized manufacturing processes, and augmented investments in infrastructure.

Factors driving the steel wire market include:

• Increased Demand from Construction and Automotive Industries: Steel wire is principally used in construction and automotive production due to the strength and durability of steel materials that support such applications. As these industries develop, especially in developing economies, the demand for steel wire products rises, creating opportunities for market growth and innovation.
• Technological Innovations in Production: Automation of processes and advanced drawing machines, among other technological advancements, have helped the steel wire market grow. These improvements lead to better cost optimization, faster production, and higher product quality due to increased production capabilities. For manufacturers, adopting the most advanced technology is crucial to cope with changing market trends and remain competitive.
• Increasing Infrastructure Investments: Growing capital investments in infrastructure development are resulting in a significant increase in the usage of steel wire products. Major activities such as urbanization and the development and operation of transport systems create demand for high-tensile-strength wire. This investment trend complements market proliferation within both new and existing markets.

Challenges in the steel wire market include:

• Fluctuating Raw Material Costs: Challenges associated with variations in the steel wire market stem from raw material costs, such as steel and other alloy inputs. These prices can be very high, affecting production costs and profitability. Manufacturers must navigate these challenges by repositioning their supply chains and sourcing more affordable materials to maintain competitive selling prices and profit margins.
• Regulatory Compliance Issues: Regulatory compliance is a significant challenge in the steel wire market due to the disparate frameworks governing wire standards in different countries. Meeting market requirements for product quality, environmental standards, and health and safety regulations can be complex and costly. Companies must operate transparently to avoid legal complications and exceed the minimum standards in the market.
• Environmental Concerns: Environmental issues such as carbon dioxide emissions and waste disposal present acute challenges for the steel wire industry. Organizations face pressure to transition to greener solutions and technologies. Failing to meet these demands may result in non-compliance and losing market share as the demand for green products continues to grow.

The steel wire market is positively impacted by increasing demands from the construction and automotive industries, as well as technological advancements and infrastructure investments. Challenges include volatile raw material prices, regulatory requirements, and environmental issues. It is important to address these drivers and challenges to foster growth and ensure the long-term sustainability of the steel wire industry.

List of Steel Wire Companies

Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. With these strategies steel wire companies cater increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the steel wire companies profiled in this report include-

• Arcelormittal
• Nippon Steel
• JFE Steel
• Bekaert
• Tata Steel
• Kobe Steel
• Ferrier Nord

Steel Wire by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global steel wire market by type, form, end use industry, and region.

Steel Wire Market by Type [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Carbon Steel
• Alloy Steel
• Stainless Steel

Steel Wire Market by Form [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Non-Rope
• Rope

Steel Wire Market by End Use [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Construction
• Automotive
• Energy
• Agriculture
• Industrial
• Others

Steel Wire Market by Region [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Steel Wire Market

Recent developments in the steel wire market indicate considerable progress against the backdrop of technological advancements and changing industry needs. These developments impact most regional markets, including the US, China, Germany, India, and Japan. They also reflect changing trends in the production and market implementation of steel wire.

• United States: In the United States, new developments in steel wire production include improved products made of novel high-strength and corrosion-resistant steel wires. New production methods, such as wire drawing and coating, are enhancing the quality and longevity of steel wires used in essential structures. Additionally, there is a growing concern for environmental protection; adopting green technologies in manufacturing and a circular economy further promote these efforts.
• China: In China, the steel wire market has been developing rapidly, driven by applications in the real estate and automotive industries. Recent developments include increased production capacity and the adoption of novel manufacturing techniques. The emphasis on producing high-quality steel wires and exploring new alloys is improving product quality. Furthermore, China has made progress regarding environmental standards, such as emission reductions and environmentally friendly production methods.
• Germany: The steel wire market in Germany continues to evolve, thanks to ongoing improvements in precision and quality. Recent developments include adopting Industry 4.0 approaches to steel wire production, which feature automation, data analytics, and other technologies. These advancements contribute to enhanced efficiency and product quality. Germany is also focusing on high-strength and special steel wires for automotive and industrial applications, complementing the country's engineering talent and ingenuity.
• India: In India, the steel wire market is on a growth trajectory due to infrastructural and industrial activities. Recent developments include rehabilitating outdated production units and utilizing advanced technologies to enhance various wire characteristics. There is also a focus on resource-efficient production processes and supply chain efficiencies to meet the growing demands of both local and foreign markets.
• Japan: In the construction and electronics sectors, high-performance steel wires are being manufactured, resulting in a marked shift in the steel wire market in Japan. Recent developments include new products within the short and long steel wire range and the production of higher-strength, anti-rusting materials. The steel industry in Japan is at the forefront of many sustainable developmental practices, including reducing emissions generated during the manufacture of steel wires through increased efficiencies.

Features of the Global Steel Wire Market

Market Size Estimates: Steel wire market size estimation in terms of value ($B).

Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2019 to 2024) and forecast (2025 to 2031) by various segments and regions.

Segmentation Analysis: Steel wire market size by type, form, end use industry, and region in terms of value ($B).

Regional Analysis: Steel wire market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.

Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different types, forms, end use industries, and regions for the steel wire market.

Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the steel wire market.

Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.

If you are looking to expand your business in this or adjacent markets, then contact us. We have done hundreds of strategic consulting projects in market entry, opportunity screening, due diligence, supply chain analysis, M & A, and more.

This report answers following 11 key questions:

• Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the steel wire market by type (carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel), form (non-rope and rope), end use industry (construction, automotive, energy, agriculture, industrial, and others), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
• Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
• Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
• Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
• Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
• Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
• Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
• Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
• Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Steel Wire Market : Market Dynamics

• 2.1: Introduction, Background, and Classifications
• 2.2: Supply Chain
• 2.3: Industry Drivers and Challenges

3. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis from 2019 to 2031

• 3.1. Macroeconomic Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.2. Global Steel Wire Market Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.3: Global Steel Wire Market by Type
  • 3.3.1: Carbon Steel
  • 3.3.2: Alloy Steel
  • 3.3.3: Stainless Steel
• 3.4: Global Steel Wire Market by Form
  • 3.4.1: Non-Rope
  • 3.4.2: Rope
• 3.5: Global Steel Wire Market by End Use Industry
  • 3.5.1: Construction
  • 3.5.2: Automotive
  • 3.5.3: Energy
  • 3.5.4: Agriculture
  • 3.5.5: Industrial
  • 3.5.6: Others

4. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis by Region from 2019 to 2031

• 4.1: Global Steel Wire Market by Region
• 4.2: North American Steel Wire Market
  • 4.2.1: North American Market by Type: Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel
  • 4.2.2: North American Market by End Use Industry: Construction, Automotive, Energy, Agriculture, Industrial, and Others
• 4.3: European Steel Wire Market
  • 4.3.1: European Market by Type: Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel
  • 4.3.2: European Market by End Use Industry: Construction, Automotive, Energy, Agriculture, Industrial, and Others
• 4.4: APAC Steel Wire Market
  • 4.4.1: APAC Market by Type: Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel
  • 4.4.2: APAC Market by End Use Industry: Construction, Automotive, Energy, Agriculture, Industrial, and Others
• 4.5: ROW Steel Wire Market
  • 4.5.1: ROW Market by Type: Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel
  • 4.5.2: ROW Market by End Use Industry: Construction, Automotive, Energy, Agriculture, Industrial, and Others

5. Competitor Analysis

• 5.1: Product Portfolio Analysis
• 5.2: Operational Integration
• 5.3: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

6. Growth Opportunities and Strategic Analysis

• 6.1: Growth Opportunity Analysis
  • 6.1.1: Growth Opportunities for the Global Steel Wire Market by Type
  • 6.1.2: Growth Opportunities for the Global Steel Wire Market by Form
  • 6.1.3: Growth Opportunities for the Global Steel Wire Market by End Use Industry
  • 6.1.4: Growth Opportunities for the Global Steel Wire Market by Region
• 6.2: Emerging Trends in the Global Steel Wire Market
• 6.3: Strategic Analysis
  • 6.3.1: New Product Development
  • 6.3.2: Capacity Expansion of the Global Steel Wire Market
  • 6.3.3: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures in the Global Steel Wire Market
  • 6.3.4: Certification and Licensing

7. Company Profiles of Leading Players

• 7.1: ArcelorMittal
• 7.2: Nippon Steel
• 7.3: JFE Steel
• 7.4: Bekaert
• 7.5: Tata Steel
• 7.6: Kobe Steel
• 7.7: Ferrier Nord