Product Code: SE 8671
The desiccant dehumidifier market is projected to grow from USD 605.5 million in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 811.0 million by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 6.0% from 2024 to 2029.
Scope of the Report |
Years Considered for the Study | 2020-2029 |
Base Year | 2023 |
Forecast Period | 2024-2029 |
Units Considered | Value (USD Million) |
Segments | By Method, Product, Use Case, and Region |
Regions covered | North America, Europe, APAC, RoW |
"Growing demand for energy-efficient solutions is driving the demand is contributing to the growth of the desiccant dehumidifiers market."
Energy efficiency solutions are expected to fuel the demand for desiccant dehumidifiers. This trend is emerging from several factors, wherein industries and business enterprises across all sectors are taking measures toward attaining sustainability, reducing costs, and achieving regulatory compliance. Business establishments are adapting ways to bring down the energy consumption. Desiccant dehumidifiers are highly energy-efficient devices, especially when they are linked to hundreds of tons of refrigeration in terms of energy cost that a conventional refrigeration-based dehumidifier consumes. Desiccant dehumidifiers maintain the relative humidity condition of an area at a relatively lower energy cost aiding in cost efficiency to the company.
"Portable product type segment of the desiccant dehumidifier market is expected to hold significant market share during the forecast period."
Portable desiccant dehumidifiers find applications in many diverse environments, from residential houses and buildings to commercial and industrial sites. Since they are easily portable, they are highly preferable in applications that need high mobility and flexibility, such as temporary setups, small-scale operations, or specific zones within a large facility. In residential settings, portable desiccant dehumidifiers are in demand for their effective management of humidity in small residential spaces, like basements, attics, and crawl spaces. They are specially functional in cool climates where traditional refrigerant-based dehumidifiers may not work efficiently.
"The power plants & wind turbines sub-segments in the energy segment of the desiccant dehumidifier market is expected to hold largest share during the forecast period."
In both power plants and wind turbines, the presence of moisture causes significant damage to the major parts, such as turbines, generators, transformers, electrical components, and control systems of a power plant and windmill during their operation, which may result in malfunction, short circuits, and even disastrous failures. Desiccant dehumidifiers effectively lower humidity levels to prevent corrosion and extend the life of critical assets. These dehumidifiers maintain dry conditions, ensuring the reliability and safety of electrical systems so that power generation facilities and wind turbines are able to generate energy at maximum capacities.
"The US is expected to hold the largest market size in the North America region during the forecast period."
Several factors are driving the dominance of the US in the desiccant dehumidifier market . Increasing construction activities coupled with a growing need for dehumidification in commercial and industrial places were among those drivers. This growth in residential and commercial construction has provided impetus to the demand for climate-control solutions, which includes dehumidification systems. An effective management of moisture becomes critical as buildings are being built tighter and more energy-efficient to avoid the growth of mold and damage in a structure.
- By Company Type: Tier 1 - 40%, Tier 2 - 40%, and Tier 3 - 20%
- By Designation: C-level Executives - 40%, Managers -40%, and Others - 20%
- By Region: North America -30%, Europe - 30%, Asia Pacific- 40%, and RoW - 10%
The report profiles key players in the desiccant dehumidifier market with their respective market ranking analysis. Prominent players profiled in this report include Bry-Air (India), Munters (Sweden), Condair Group (Switzerland), Cotes (Denmark), Seibu Giken DST (sweden), Trotec Laser GmbH. (Austria), DehuTech AB (Sweden), Fisen Corporation (US), KAESER KOMPRESSOREN (Germany), and Atlas Copco AB (Sweden). PARKER HANNIFIN CORP (US), Airwatergreen (Sweden), Sunpentown Inc. (California), SPX FLOW (US), Quincy Compressor (US), ZEKS Compressed Air Solutions (US), Desiccant Technologies Group (Vilnius), NiGen International L.L.C. (US), Shanghai Rotorcomp Screw Compressor Co., Ltd. (China), Innovative Air Technologies. (US), De' Longhi Appliances S.r.l. (Italy), STULZ Air Technology Systems, Inc. (US), Fisair (Spain), Dantherm Group A/S (Denmark), Meaco (UK), PT Denusa Sejahtera (Indonesia), Therma-Stor (US), HuTek(Asia) Company Ltd. (Thailand), Andrews Sykes Group (UK), Ebac Industrial Products Ltd (US), Ecor Pro (Netherlands), Trane Technologies plc (US), FlaktGroup (US), Sullair, LLC (US), NovelAire Technologies LLC (US), and Humiscope (Australia) are among a few other key companies in the desiccant dehumidifier market.
Report Coverage
The report defines, describes, and forecasts the desiccant dehumidifier market based on by product type, application, end user and region. It provides detailed information regarding drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges influencing the growth of the desiccant dehumidifier market. It also analyzes competitive developments such as product launches, expansions, acquisitions, and actions carried out by the key players to grow in the market.
Reasons to Buy This Report
The report will help the market leaders/new entrants in the market with information on the closest approximations of the revenue for the overall desiccant dehumidifier market and the subsegments. The report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insight to position their business better and plan suitable go-to-market strategies. The report also helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the market and provides them with information on key drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges.
The report will provide insights into the following pointers:
- Analysis of key drivers (Rising adoption of desiccant dehumidifiers in various industries), restraints (Complex installation process of desiccant dehumidifiers), opportunities (Ongoing developments in desiccant dehumidifier technology), and challenges (Environmental concerns related to desiccant dehumidifiers) of the desiccant dehumidifier market.
- Product development /Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product launches in the desiccant dehumidifier market.
- Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets; the report analyses the desiccant dehumidifier market across various regions.
- Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products & services, recent developments, untapped geographies, and investments in the desiccant dehumidifier market.
- Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market share, growth strategies, and services, offering of leading players like Bry-Air (India), Munters (Sweden), Condair Group (Switzerland), Cotes (Denmark), and Seibu Giken DST (sweden) among others in the desiccant dehumidifier market.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
- 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
- 1.3 STUDY SCOPE
- 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE
- 1.3.2 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS
- 1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED
- 1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
- 1.5 UNITS CONSIDERED
- 1.6 LIMITATIONS
- 1.7 STAKEHOLDERS
- 1.8 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 2.1 RESEARCH APPROACH
- 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
- 2.1.1.1 List of key secondary sources
- 2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources
- 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
- 2.1.2.1 List of primary interview participants
- 2.1.2.2 Breakdown of primaries
- 2.1.2.3 Key data from primary sources
- 2.1.2.4 Key industry insights
- 2.1.3 SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RESEARCH
- 2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY
- 2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
- 2.2.1.1 Approach to arrive at market size using bottom-up analysis (demand side)
- 2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
- 2.2.2.1 Approach to arrive at market size using top-down analysis (supply side)
- 2.3 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION
- 2.4 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
- 2.5 RISK ANALYSIS
- 2.6 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
- 4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER MARKET
- 4.2 DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE
- 4.3 DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER MARKET, BY APPLICATION
- 4.4 DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER MARKET, BY END USER
- 4.5 DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY PRODUCT TYPE AND COUNTRY
- 4.6 DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER MARKET, BY COUNTRY
5 MARKET OVERVIEW
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS
- 5.2.1 DRIVERS
- 5.2.1.1 Rising need for accurate humidity control in various industries
- 5.2.1.2 Increasing government regulatory policies and incentives for clean energy
- 5.2.1.3 Growing construction activities
- 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
- 5.2.2.1 Complex installation process
- 5.2.2.2 High initial implementation costs
- 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
- 5.2.3.1 Growing adoption of desiccant dehumidifiers in cleanrooms
- 5.2.3.2 Rapid advances in desiccant dehumidification technology
- 5.2.4 CHALLENGES
- 5.2.4.1 Limited applications
- 5.2.4.2 Environmental concerns
- 5.3 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
- 5.4 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS
- 5.5 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
- 5.6 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
- 5.6.1 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
- 5.6.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
- 5.6.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
- 5.6.4 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
- 5.6.5 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
- 5.7 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
- 5.7.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
- 5.7.2 BUYING CRITERIA
- 5.8 CASE STUDY
- 5.8.1 BRY-AIR HELPED VINIT PERFORMANCE POLYMERS MAINTAIN PRODUCT QUALITY USING MOISTURE CONTROL SOLUTION
- 5.8.2 LIDL DENMARK ADOPTED MUNTERS' COMDRYM210X TO PREVENT HUMIDITY-RELATED DAMAGE
- 5.8.3 MUNTERS PROVIDED DEHUMIDIFICATION SOLUTION TO ADDRESS PACKAGING PROBLEMS IN TOFFEE PRODUCTION
- 5.8.4 DT GROUP OFFERED HUMIDIFYING SYSTEM TO MINIMIZE HUMID AIR INGRESS IN EQUIPMENT PRESERVATION
- 5.8.5 PHARMACEUTICAL FACILITIES INCORPORATED MUNTERS' CLIMATE CONTROL SOLUTION TO OPTIMIZE PRODUCT QUALITY
- 5.9 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO
- 5.10 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
- 5.10.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
- 5.10.1.1 Liquid desiccant dehumidification technology
- 5.10.1.2 Hybrid dehumidification systems
- 5.10.1.3 Membrane-based desiccant dehumidification systems
- 5.10.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
- 5.10.2.1 Solar-powered desiccant dehumidification systems
- 5.10.3 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES
- 5.11 TRADE ANALYSIS
- 5.11.1 IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 841583)
- 5.11.2 EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 841583)
- 5.12 PATENT ANALYSIS
- 5.13 TARIFF AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
- 5.13.1 TARIFF ANALYSIS
- 5.13.2 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
- 5.13.3 REGULATIONS
- 5.13.4 STANDARDS
- 5.13.5 CERTIFICATIONS
- 5.14 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024-2025
- 5.15 PRICING ANALYSIS
- 5.15.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF KEY PLAYERS, BY END USER
- 5.15.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION
- 5.16 IMPACT OF GEN AI/AI ON DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER MARKET
6 DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFICATION METHODS
- 6.1 INTRODUCTION
- 6.2 ROTARY (WHEEL)
- 6.3 SOLID BED
- 6.4 HYBRID
- 6.5 COMPACT
- 6.6 LIQUID
7 DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER USE CASES
- 7.1 INTRODUCTION
- 7.2 CORROSION PREVENTION
- 7.3 CONDENSATION PREVENTION
- 7.4 MOLD/FUNGUS PREVENTION
- 7.5 MOISTURE REGAIN PREVENTION
- 7.6 PRODUCT DRYING
- 7.7 DRY COOLING
8 DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION
- 8.2 FIXED/MOUNTED
- 8.2.1 USE FOR PRECISE HUMIDITY CONTROL IN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES TO AUGMENT SEGMENTAL GROWTH
- 8.3 PORTABLE 91 8.3.1 GREATER FLEXIBILITY AND LIGHTWEIGHT FEATURES TO BOOST SEGMENTAL GROWTH
9 DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER MARKET, BY APPLICATION
- 9.1 INTRODUCTION
- 9.2 ENERGY
- 9.2.1 EV BATTERY MANUFACTURING
- 9.2.1.1 Rising emphasis on preventing defects in battery cells to fuel segmental growth
- 9.2.2 POWER PLANTS & WIND TURBINES
- 9.2.2.1 Growing focus on preventing potential equipment breakdowns to augment segmental growth
- 9.3 CHEMICAL
- 9.3.1 INCREASING NEED FOR PRECISE CONTROL OF HUMIDITY LEVELS TO ACCELERATE SEGMENTAL GROWTH
- 9.4 CONSTRUCTION
- 9.4.1 GROWING FOCUS ON REDUCING ON-SITE INJURIES TO CONTRIBUTE TO SEGMENTAL GROWTH
- 9.5 ELECTRONICS
- 9.5.1 INCREASING NEED TO MAINTAIN IDEAL MANUFACTURING CONDITIONS IN DRY AND CLEAN ROOMS TO AUGMENT SEGMENTAL GROWTH
- 9.6 FOOD & PHARMACEUTICAL
- 9.6.1 RISING EMPHASIS ON INCREASING SHELF LIFE TO EXPEDITE SEGMENTAL GROWTH
10 DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER MARKET, BY END USER
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION
- 10.2 COMMERCIAL
- 10.2.1 ADOPTION OF DEHUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMS TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION TO DRIVE MARKET
- 10.3 INDUSTRIAL
- 10.3.1 MOUNTING DEMAND FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS TO BOOST SEGMENTAL GROWTH
11 DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER MARKET, BY REGION
- 11.1 INTRODUCTION
- 11.2 NORTH AMERICA
- 11.2.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR NORTH AMERICA
- 11.2.2 US
- 11.2.2.1 Rising implementation of environmental norms to fuel market growth
- 11.2.3 CANADA
- 11.2.3.1 Increasing investment in infrastructure development projects to accelerate market growth
- 11.2.4 MEXICO
- 11.2.4.1 Booming food processing sector to contribute to market growth
- 11.3 EUROPE
- 11.3.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR EUROPE
- 11.3.2 UK
- 11.3.2.1 Thriving construction and manufacturing sectors to augment market growth
- 11.3.3 GERMANY
- 11.3.3.1 Increasing food processing and chemical production to bolster market growth
- 11.3.4 ITALY
- 11.3.4.1 Growing investment in renewable energy to accelerate market growth
- 11.3.5 FRANCE
- 11.3.5.1 Rising emphasis on reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions to contribute to market growth
- 11.3.6 SPAIN
- 11.3.6.1 Increasing investment in food technology and automobile manufacturing to foster market growth
- 11.3.7 REST OF EUROPE
- 11.4 ASIA PACIFIC
- 11.4.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ASIA PACIFIC
- 11.4.2 CHINA
- 11.4.2.1 Rapid urbanization and economic development to contribute to market growth
- 11.4.3 JAPAN
- 11.4.3.1 Increasing requirement for moisture control in industries due to high humidity levels to boost market growth
- 11.4.4 INDIA
- 11.4.4.1 Rising population and infrastructure development to foster market growth
- 11.4.5 SOUTH KOREA
- 11.4.5.1 Thriving advanced electronics sector to contribute to market growth
- 11.4.6 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
- 11.5 ROW
- 11.5.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ROW
- 11.5.2 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
- 11.5.2.1 Increasing construction projects and urbanization to bolster market growth
- 11.5.2.2 GCC countries
- 11.5.2.3 Africa & Rest of Middle East
- 11.5.3 SOUTH AMERICA
- 11.5.3.1 Mounting foreign direct investment in commercial construction projects to accelerate market growth
12 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- 12.1 OVERVIEW
- 12.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2020-2024
- 12.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2021-2023
- 12.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2023
- 12.5 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS
- 12.6 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON
- 12.7 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
- 12.7.1 STARS
- 12.7.2 EMERGING LEADERS
- 12.7.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
- 12.7.4 PARTICIPANTS
- 12.7.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
- 12.7.5.1 Company footprint
- 12.7.5.2 Product type footprint
- 12.7.5.3 Application footprint
- 12.7.5.4 End user footprint
- 12.7.5.5 Region footprint
- 12.8 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023
- 12.8.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES
- 12.8.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES
- 12.8.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES
- 12.8.4 STARTING BLOCKS
- 12.8.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023
- 12.8.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs
- 12.8.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs
- 12.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
- 12.9.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES
- 12.9.2 DEALS
- 12.9.3 OTHERS
13 COMPANY PROFILES
- 13.1 KEY PLAYERS
- 13.1.1 BRY-AIR
- 13.1.1.1 Business overview
- 13.1.1.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.1.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.1.3.1 Product launches
- 13.1.1.4 MnM view
- 13.1.1.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
- 13.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats
- 13.1.2 MUNTERS
- 13.1.2.1 Business overview
- 13.1.2.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.2.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.2.3.1 Deals
- 13.1.2.3.2 Expansions
- 13.1.2.3.3 Others
- 13.1.2.4 MnM view
- 13.1.2.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
- 13.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats
- 13.1.3 CONDAIR GROUP
- 13.1.3.1 Business overview
- 13.1.3.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered.
- 13.1.3.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.3.3.1 Product launches
- 13.1.3.3.2 Deals
- 13.1.3.3.3 Expansions
- 13.1.3.4 MnM view
- 13.1.3.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
- 13.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats
- 13.1.4 COTES
- 13.1.4.1 Business overview
- 13.1.4.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.4.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.4.3.1 Product launches
- 13.1.4.4 MnM view
- 13.1.4.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
- 13.1.4.4.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.4.4.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats
- 13.1.5 SEIBU GIKEN DST
- 13.1.5.1 Business overview
- 13.1.5.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.5.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.5.4 MnM view
- 13.1.5.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win
- 13.1.5.4.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.5.4.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats
- 13.1.6 TROTEC LASER GMBH
- 13.1.6.1 Business overview
- 13.1.6.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.7 DEHUTECH AB
- 13.1.7.1 Business overview
- 13.1.7.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.7.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.7.3.1 Product launches
- 13.1.7.3.2 Others
- 13.1.8 FISEN CORPORATION
- 13.1.8.1 Business overview
- 13.1.8.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.9 KAESER KOMPRESSOREN
- 13.1.9.1 Business overview
- 13.1.9.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.9.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.9.3.1 Product launches
- 13.1.10 ATLAS COPCO AB
- 13.1.10.1 Business overview
- 13.1.10.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 13.1.10.3 Recent developments
- 13.2 OTHER PLAYERS
- 13.2.1 PARKER HANNIFIN CORP
- 13.2.2 AIRWATERGREEN
- 13.2.3 SUNPENTOWN INC.
- 13.2.4 SPX FLOW
- 13.2.5 QUINCY COMPRESSOR
- 13.2.6 ZEKS COMPRESSED AIR SOLUTIONS
- 13.2.7 DESICCANT TECHNOLOGIES GROUP
- 13.2.8 SHANGHAI ROTORCOMP SCREW COMPRESSOR CO., LTD.
- 13.2.9 SULLAIR, LLC
- 13.2.10 NIGEN INTERNATIONAL L.L.C
- 13.2.11 INNOVATIVE AIR TECHNOLOGIES
- 13.2.12 DE'LONGHI APPLIANCES S.R.L.
- 13.2.13 STULZ AIR TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS, INC.
- 13.2.14 FISAIR
- 13.2.15 DANTHERM GROUP A/S
- 13.2.16 MEACO
- 13.2.17 PT DENUSA SEJAHTERA
- 13.2.18 THERMA-STOR
- 13.2.19 HUTEK(ASIA) COMPANY LTD.
- 13.2.20 ANDREWS SYKES GROUP
- 13.2.21 EBAC INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS LTD
- 13.2.22 ECOR PRO
- 13.2.23 TRANE TECHNOLOGIES PLC
- 13.2.24 FLAKTGROUP
- 13.2.25 NOVELAIRE TECHNOLOGIES LLC
- 13.2.26 HUMISCOPE
14 APPENDIX
- 14.1 INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS
- 14.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE
- 14.3 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS' SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL
- 14.4 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS
- 14.5 RELATED REPORTS
- 14.6 AUTHOR DETAILS