Product Code: AST 9146
The global lab consumables market is projected to reach USD 20.51 billion by 2029 from USD 14.41 billion in 2024, growing at a CAGR of 7.3% during the forecast period. The technological advancements of lab consumables products is one of the major factors anticipated to boost market growth in the forecasting years. Additionally, the high cost of lab consumables affects the growth of the lab consumables market.
Scope of the Report |
Years Considered for the Study | 2022-2029 |
Base Year | 2023 |
Forecast Period | 2024-2029 |
Units Considered | Value (USD Million) |
Segments | By Type, Application, End user, and Region |
Regions covered | North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa |
"The containers and vials segment to hold the largest share of the market in 2024."
Based on type, lab consumables is segmented into filters, filteration products, centrifuge tubes and accessories, pipettes and tips, tubes and racks, microplates, plates and seals, containers and vials, bags and wraps and other consumables. The containers and vials segment is expected to dominate the lab consumables market during the forecast period. With the increasing adoption of the increase in industry adoption of lab consumable products in emerging economies and the launch of technologically advanced lab consumable products worldwide leads to the growth of this market segment.
"The industrial manufacturing segment to hold the largest share of the market in 2024."
Based on application, the Lab consumables market is segmented into clinical diagnostics, industrial manufacturing, life science research, environmental testing, forensic analysis and material analysis. The lab consumables market is expected to be dominated by industrial manufacturing segment during the forecast period. The industrial manufacturing application is expected to grow due to rising biotech industrial manufacturing and growth in pharmaceutical production.
"The pharma and biopharma companies segment to hold the largest share of the market in 2024."
The end user market is segmented into pharma and biopharma companies, biotechnology companies, food and beverage companies, hospital, surgical centers and clinics, diagnostics centers, forensic laboratories, research and academic institutes and other end users. Pharma and biopharma companies accounted for the largest share of the global lab consumables market in 2023 during the forecasted years. This can be attributed to the amjor applications and large demand of lab consumables accounted by pharma and biopharma sector.
"The market in the APAC region is expected to register highest growth rate for Lab consumables in 2024."
The lab consumables market covers five key geographies-North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. In 2023, a significant market share for lab consumables was held by the market in the North American region, comprising the US and Canada. On the other hand, the Asia Pacific market is estimated to register the highest growth rate during the forecast period. The increasing market penetration opportunities in emerging APAC countries led to the growth of the lab consumables market in this region.
A breakdown of the primary participants referred to for this report is provided below:
- By Company Type: Tier 1- 25%, Tier 2- 30%, and Tier 3- 45%
- By Designation: C-level- 33%, Directors- 25%, and Others- 42%
- By Region: North America- 40%, Europe- 30%, Asia Pacific- 20%, Latin America- 8%, MEA- 2%
The prominent players in the Lab consumables market are Merck KGaA (Germany), Danaher Corporation (US), Greiner Bio-One (Austria), Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (US), Corning Incorporated (US), Eppendorf SE (Germany), Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. (US), Agilent Technologies Inc. (US), Abbott Laboratories (US), Qiagen (Germany), Waters Corporation (US), Bruker Corporation (US), Sysmex Corporation (Japan),among others.
Research Coverage
This report studies the lab consumables market based on type, application, end user, and region. It also covers the factors affecting market growth, analyzes the various opportunities and challenges in the market, and provides details of the competitive landscape for market leaders. Furthermore, the report analyzes micro markets with respect to their individual growth trends and forecasts the revenue of the market segments with respect to five main regions (and the respective countries in these regions).
Reasons to Buy the Report
The report will enable established firms as well as entrants/smaller firms to gauge the pulse of the market, which, in turn, would help them to garner a larger market share. Firms purchasing the report could use one or a combination of the below-mentioned strategies to strengthen their market presence.
This report provides insights on the following pointers:
- Analysis of key drivers (Technological advancements in laboratories, Rising R&D Investments, Focus on drug discovery and development, Adoption of lab automation, Intense competition among players), restraints (High cost of advanced lab consumables, Environmental sustainability concerns), opportunities (Growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly consumables, Growth potential of emerging markets, Increasing demand for molecular diagnostics), and challenges (Need for regulatory compliance, Lack of awareness and skills for advanced consumables) influencing the growth of the lab consumables market
- Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on the product portfolios offered by the top players in the lab consumables market
- Service Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on the upcoming trends, R&D activities, and service developments in the lab consumables market
- Market Development: Comprehensive information on lucrative emerging regions
- Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new services, growing geographies, and recent developments in the lab consumables market
- Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market segments, growth strategies, revenue analysis, and services of the leading market players.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
- 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
- 1.3 MARKET SCOPE
- 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED
- 1.3.2 INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS
- 1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED
- 1.3.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
- 1.4 MARKET STAKEHOLDERS
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 2.1 RESEARCH DATA
- 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
- 2.1.1.1 List of secondary sources
- 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
- 2.2 MARKET ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY
- 2.2.1 REVENUE MAPPING-BASED MARKET ESTIMATION
- 2.2.2 END USER-BASED MARKET ESTIMATION
- 2.2.3 PRIMARY RESEARCH VALIDATION
- 2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION AND MARKET BREAKDOWN
- 2.4 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
- 2.5 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
- 2.6 RISK ASSESSMENT
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
- 4.1 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET OVERVIEW
- 4.2 ASIA PACIFIC: LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET, BY END USER AND COUNTRY (2023)
- 4.3 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET: GEOGRAPHIC GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES
- 4.4 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET: REGIONAL MIX, 2022-2029 (USD MILLION)
5 MARKET OVERVIEW
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS
- 5.2.1 DRIVERS
- 5.2.1.1 Technological advancements in laboratories
- 5.2.1.2 Rising R&D investments
- 5.2.1.3 Focus on drug discovery and development
- 5.2.1.4 Adoption of lab automation
- 5.2.1.5 Intense competition among players
- 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
- 5.2.2.1 High cost of advanced lab consumables
- 5.2.2.2 Environmental sustainability concerns
- 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
- 5.2.3.1 Growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly consumables
- 5.2.3.2 Growth potential of emerging markets
- 5.2.3.3 Increasing demand for molecular diagnostics
- 5.2.4 CHALLENGES
- 5.2.4.1 Need for regulatory compliance
- 5.2.4.2 Lack of awareness and skills for advanced consumables
- 5.3 REGULATORY SCENARIO
- 5.3.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
- 5.3.2 REGULATORY TRENDS
- 5.3.2.1 North America
- 5.3.2.2 Europe
- 5.3.2.3 Asia Pacific
- 5.3.2.3.1 Japan
- 5.3.2.3.2 China
- 5.3.2.4 Rest of the World
- 5.4 REIMBURSEMENT SCENARIO
- 5.5 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
- 5.5.1 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
- 5.5.2 PROCUREMENT & PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
- 5.5.3 MARKETING, SALES, AND DISTRIBUTION
- 5.6 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS
- 5.6.1 PROMINENT COMPANIES
- 5.6.2 SMALL & MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
- 5.6.3 END USERS
- 5.7 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
- 5.8 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
- 5.8.1 DEGREE OF COMPETITION
- 5.8.2 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
- 5.8.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
- 5.8.4 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
- 5.8.5 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
- 5.9 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
- 5.9.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
- 5.9.2 KEY BUYING CRITERIA
- 5.10 TRADE ANALYSIS
- 5.11 PATENT ANALYSIS
- 5.12 PRICING ANALYSIS
- 5.13 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
- 5.13.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
- 5.13.1.1 Filtration and membrane technologies
- 5.13.1.2 3D printing
- 5.13.1.3 Single-use bioprocessing systems
- 5.13.2 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES
- 5.13.2.1 Lab automation
- 5.13.2.2 Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and microfluidics
- 5.13.2.3 Sensors and Internet of Things
- 5.13.3 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
- 5.13.3.1 Temperature control systems
- 5.13.3.2 Sample handling and storage
- 5.13.3.3 Labware cleaning and sterilization
- 5.14 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024
- 5.15 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS' BUSINESSES
- 5.16 INVESTMENT & FUNDING SCENARIO
- 5.17 UNMET NEEDS
- 5.18 IMPACT OF GENERATIVE AI ON LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET
6 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET, BY TYPE
- 6.1 INTRODUCTION
- 6.2 CONTAINERS & VIALS
- 6.2.1 CONTAINERS & VIALS TO DOMINATE PRODUCTS MARKET
- 6.3 PIPETTES & TIPS
- 6.3.1 CONTAMINATION-FREE HANDLING OF LIQUIDS TO PROPEL GROWTH
- 6.4 MICROPLATES
- 6.4.1 INCREASING IMMUNOASSAY AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH
- 6.5 TUBES & RACKS
- 6.5.1 AVAILABILITY OF HEAT-RESISTANT RACKS & PCR TUBE RACKS TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH
- 6.6 CENTRIFUGE TUBES & ACCESSORIES
- 6.6.1 RISING RESEARCH ACTIVITY TO PROPEL DEMAND FOR CENTRIFUGES AND ACCESSORIES
- 6.7 PLATES & SEALS
- 6.7.1 RISING USE IN CELL-BASED RESEARCH APPLICATIONS TO AID ADOPTION
- 6.8 BAGS & WRAPS
- 6.8.1 EMPHASIS ON BIOSAFETY TO DRIVE ADOPTION
- 6.9 FILTERS
- 6.9.1 GROWING DEMAND FOR PARTICLE REMOVAL AND STERILIZATION TO DRIVE MARKET
- 6.10 FILTRATION PRODUCTS
- 6.10.1 GROWING INCIDENCE OF CONTAMINATION TO SUPPORT DEMAND
- 6.11 OTHER CONSUMABLES
7 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION
- 7.1 INTRODUCTION
- 7.2 INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING
- 7.2.1 RISING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION TO SUPPORT ADOPTION OF LAB CONSUMABLES
- 7.3 CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS
- 7.3.1 GROWING ADOPTION OF DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGIES TO DRIVE DEMAND FOR CONSUMABLES
- 7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING
- 7.4.1 STRINGENT REGULATIONS FOR TESTING TO DRIVE MARKET
- 7.5 LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH
- 7.5.1 RISING RESEARCH ACTIVITY TO OFFER STRONG DEMAND FOR CONSUMABLES
- 7.6 FORENSIC ANALYSIS
- 7.6.1 GROWING DEMAND FOR BETTER EVIDENCE AND ANALYTICS TO PROPEL MARKET
- 7.7 MATERIALS ANALYSIS
- 7.7.1 CONTAMINATION PREVENTION AND FOCUS ON FOOD SAFETY TO PROPEL GROWTH
8 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET, BY END USER
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION
- 8.2 PHARMACEUTICAL & BIOPHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES
- 8.2.1 PHARMA & BIOPHARMA SECTOR TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST DEMAND
- 8.3 BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANIES
- 8.3.1 RISING CLINICAL TRIAL ACTIVITY TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH
- 8.4 DIAGNOSTIC CENTERS
- 8.4.1 AUTOMATION AND WIDENING TEST PORTFOLIOS TO PROPEL MARKET GROWTH
- 8.5 HOSPITAL, SURGICAL CENTERS, AND CLINICS
- 8.5.1 INCREASING NUMBER OF HOSPITALS AND CLINICS TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH
- 8.6 FOOD & BEVERAGE COMPANIES
- 8.6.1 GROWING FOOD SAFETY CONCERNS TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH
- 8.7 ACADEMIC & RESEARCH INSTITUTES
- 8.7.1 RISING DRUG DISCOVERY AND RESEARCH ACTIVITY TO DRIVE MARKET
- 8.8 FORENSIC LABORATORIES
- 8.8.1 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS TO CREATE OPPORTUNITIES FOR LAB CONSUMABLES
- 8.9 OTHER END USERS
9 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET, BY REGION
- 9.1 INTRODUCTION
- 9.2 NORTH AMERICA
- 9.2.1 NORTH AMERICA: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK
- 9.2.2 US
- 9.2.2.1 Significant presence of major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to drive market
- 9.2.3 CANADA
- 9.2.3.1 Growing food & beverage sector to support market growth
- 9.3 EUROPE
- 9.3.1 EUROPE: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK
- 9.3.2 GERMANY
- 9.3.2.1 Germany to hold largest market share in Europe
- 9.3.3 FRANCE
- 9.3.3.1 Establishments of research sites to propel market growth in the coming years
- 9.3.4 UK
- 9.3.4.1 Government initiatives to develop diagnostic technologies contributing to market growth
- 9.3.5 ITALY
- 9.3.5.1 Expanding life science sector and favorable government initiatives to fuel market growth
- 9.3.6 SPAIN
- 9.3.6.1 Consolidation of laboratories and growth in food and biotechnology industries to drive market
- 9.3.7 REST OF EUROPE
- 9.4 ASIA PACIFIC
- 9.4.1 ASIA PACIFIC: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK
- 9.4.2 CHINA
- 9.4.2.1 Government initiatives and growing research sector to aid market growth
- 9.4.3 JAPAN
- 9.4.3.1 Investments by Japanese pharmaceutical companies to support market growth
- 9.4.4 INDIA
- 9.4.4.1 Rising focus on food safety standards to support market growth
- 9.4.5 AUSTRALIA
- 9.4.5.1 Growth of food industry in the country to propel demand for consumables
- 9.4.6 SOUTH KOREA
- 9.4.6.1 Rising pharmaceutical and medical spending to support growth
- 9.4.7 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
- 9.5 LATIN AMERICA
- 9.5.1 LATIN AMERICA: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK
- 9.5.2 BRAZIL
- 9.5.2.1 Investments by leading manufacturers to drive market
- 9.5.3 MEXICO
- 9.5.3.1 Favorable business environment for market players to support market growth
- 9.5.4 REST OF LATIN AMERICA
- 9.6 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
- 9.6.1 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK
- 9.6.2 GCC COUNTRIES
- 9.6.2.1 Advancements in clinical diagnostics to drive market
- 9.6.3 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
10 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION
- 10.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN
- 10.2.1 OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY PLAYERS IN LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET
- 10.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS
- 10.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS
- 10.4.1 MICROPLATES MARKET RANKING
- 10.4.2 PIPETTES & TIPS MARKET RANKING
- 10.4.3 TUBES & RACKS MARKET RANKING
- 10.4.4 PLATES & SEALS MARKET RANKING
- 10.4.5 FILTRATION PRODUCTS MARKET RANKING
- 10.4.6 CENTRIFUGE TUBES & ACCESSORIES MARKET RANKING, BY KEY PLAYER, 2023
- 10.4.7 CONTAINERS & VIALS MARKET RANKING
- 10.5 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
- 10.5.1 STARS
- 10.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS
- 10.5.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
- 10.5.4 PARTICIPANTS
- 10.5.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
- 10.5.5.1 Company footprint
- 10.5.5.2 Type footprint
- 10.5.5.3 Application footprint
- 10.5.5.4 End-user footprint
- 10.5.5.5 Region footprint
- 10.6 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023
- 10.6.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES
- 10.6.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES
- 10.6.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES
- 10.6.4 STARTING BLOCKS
- 10.6.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023
- 10.7 VALUATION & FINANCIAL METRICS
- 10.8 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON
- 10.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
- 10.9.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES
- 10.9.2 DEALS
- 10.9.3 EXPANSIONS
11 COMPANY PROFILES
- 11.1 KEY PLAYERS
- 11.1.1 MERCK KGAA
- 11.1.1.1 Business overview
- 11.1.1.2 Products offered
- 11.1.1.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.1.4 MnM view
- 11.1.1.4.1 Key strengths
- 11.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices
- 11.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
- 11.1.2 DANAHER CORPORATION
- 11.1.2.1 Business overview
- 11.1.2.2 Products offered
- 11.1.2.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.2.3.1 Deals
- 11.1.2.3.2 Expansions
- 11.1.2.4 MnM view
- 11.1.2.4.1 Key strengths
- 11.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices
- 11.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
- 11.1.3 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC, INC.
- 11.1.3.1 Business overview
- 11.1.3.2 Products offered
- 11.1.3.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.3.3.1 Product launches
- 11.1.3.3.2 Deals
- 11.1.3.4 MnM view
- 11.1.3.4.1 Key strengths
- 11.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices
- 11.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
- 11.1.4 CORNING INCORPORATED
- 11.1.4.1 Business overview
- 11.1.4.2 Products offered
- 11.1.4.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.4.4 MnM view
- 11.1.4.4.1 Key strengths
- 11.1.4.4.2 Strategic choices
- 11.1.4.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
- 11.1.5 GREINER BIO-ONE INTERNATIONAL GMBH
- 11.1.5.1 Business overview
- 11.1.5.2 Products offered
- 11.1.5.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.5.3.1 Product Launches
- 11.1.5.4 MnM view
- 11.1.5.4.1 Key strengths
- 11.1.5.4.2 Strategic choices
- 11.1.5.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
- 11.1.6 EPPENDORF SE
- 11.1.6.1 Business overview
- 11.1.6.2 Products offered
- 11.1.6.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.6.3.1 Product launches
- 11.1.6.3.2 Expansions
- 11.1.7 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- 11.1.7.1 Business overview
- 11.1.7.2 Products offered
- 11.1.7.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.7.3.1 Product Launches
- 11.1.7.3.2 Deals
- 11.1.7.3.3 Expansions
- 11.1.8 AVANTOR, INC.
- 11.1.8.1 Business overview
- 11.1.8.2 Products offered
- 11.1.8.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.8.3.1 Deals
- 11.1.8.3.2 Expansions
- 11.1.9 ABBOTT LABORATORIES
- 11.1.9.1 Business overview
- 11.1.9.2 Products offered
- 11.1.9.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.10 BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC.
- 11.1.10.1 Business overview
- 11.1.10.2 Products offered
- 11.1.10.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.10.3.1 Product launches
- 11.1.10.3.2 Deals
- 11.1.11 QIAGEN N.V.
- 11.1.11.1 Business overview
- 11.1.11.2 Products offered
- 11.1.11.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.11.3.1 Deals
- 11.1.11.3.2 Expansions
- 11.1.12 WATERS CORPORATION
- 11.1.12.1 Business overview
- 11.1.12.2 Products offered
- 11.1.12.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.12.3.1 Product Launches
- 11.1.12.3.2 Deals
- 11.1.12.3.3 Expansions
- 11.1.13 SYSMEX CORPORATION
- 11.1.13.1 Business overview
- 11.1.13.2 Products offered
- 11.1.13.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.13.3.1 Deals
- 11.1.13.3.2 Expansions
- 11.1.14 SHIMADZU CORPORATION
- 11.1.14.1 Business overview
- 11.1.14.2 Products offered
- 11.1.14.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.14.3.1 Deals
- 11.1.14.3.2 Expansions
- 11.1.15 REVVITY, INC.
- 11.1.15.1 Business overview
- 11.1.15.2 Products offered
- 11.1.15.3 Recent developments
- 11.1.16 BRUKER CORPORATION
- 11.1.16.1 Business overview
- 11.1.16.2 Products offered
- 11.1.16.3 Recent developments
- 11.2 OTHER PLAYERS
- 11.2.1 FUJIFILM WAKO PURE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
- 11.2.2 CAMLAB LTD.
- 11.2.3 REAGECON DIAGNOSTICS LTD.
- 11.2.4 SARTORIUS GROUP
- 11.2.5 SPECTRUM CHEMICAL MFG. CORP.
- 11.2.6 MOBITEC GMBH
- 11.2.7 COLE-PARMER INSTRUMENT COMPANY, LLC
- 11.2.8 MILTENYI BIOTEC
- 11.2.9 PATHTECH
- 11.2.10 MEDLINE SCIENTIFIC LIMITED
- 11.2.11 VITLAB GMBH
- 11.2.12 BELLCO GLASS, INC.
- 11.2.13 DWK LIFE SCIENCES
12 APPENDIX
- 12.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE
- 12.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS' SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL
- 12.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS
- 12.4 RELATED REPORTS
- 12.5 AUTHOR DETAILS