Product Code: CH 5044
The global automotive lead acid battery market is projected to grow from USD 28.88 billion in 2024 to USD 36.72 billion by 2032, at a CAGR of 3.0% during the forecast period. The automotive industry continues to grow, especially in emerging economies like India, China, and Southeast Asia, the need for reliable and cost-effective battery solutions intensifies. Lead-acid batteries are the preferred choice for most vehicles due to their affordability, proven performance, and compatibility with conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles.
Scope of the Report |
Years Considered for the Study | 2021-2022 |
Base Year | 2023 |
Forecast Period | 2024-2032 |
Units Considered | Value (USD Million) |
Segments | By Product, Type, End-Use, Customer Segment, and Region. |
Regions covered | Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and South America |
"Micro Hybrid Batteries segment, by product, is estimated to account for the second largest share during the forecast period."
Micro-hybrid batteries hold the second-largest share in the automotive lead-acid battery market, driven by their compatibility with start-stop systems and increasing demand for fuel-efficient vehicles. These batteries are cost-effective compared to full-hybrid or electric alternatives and are specifically designed to handle the frequent charge and discharge cycles required by modern vehicle technologies. Stricter emission regulations and advancements in Enhanced Flooded Batteries (EFB) and Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) technologies have further boosted their adoption. While traditional flooded lead-acid batteries dominate the market, micro-hybrid batteries are rapidly gaining traction, fueled by the automotive industry's shift toward more eco-friendly and efficient solutions.
"By type, flooded batteries segment accounted for the second largest share during the forecast period."
Flooded batteries hold the second-largest share in the automotive lead-acid battery market by type, following Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) batteries. Despite their traditional design, flooded batteries remain widely used due to their cost-effectiveness and reliable performance in standard vehicles. However, their market share has slightly declined as advancements in AGM and Enhanced Flooded Batteries (EFB) better meet the demands of modern automotive technologies, such as start-stop systems. Nevertheless, flooded batteries continue to be a preferred choice for many conventional vehicles, particularly in regions with a strong market for cost-sensitive consumers.
"By End-Use, light & heavy commercial vehicles segment accounted for the second largest share during the forecast period."
Light and heavy commercial vehicles hold the second-largest share in the end-use segment of the automotive lead-acid battery market. This significant share is driven by the consistent demand for lead-acid batteries in commercial vehicles, which require reliable and durable power sources for starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) functions. These vehicles often operate in challenging conditions and rely on lead-acid batteries for their affordability, widespread availability, and ability to provide dependable performance. While passenger vehicles dominate the market, the growth of logistics, construction, and transportation industries has bolstered the adoption of lead-acid batteries in commercial vehicles, sustaining their prominent position in the market.
"By Customer Segment, OEM segment accounted for the second largest share during the forecast period."
The OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) segment holds the second-largest share in the customer segment of the automotive lead-acid battery market. This position is attributed to the steady demand for lead-acid batteries in new vehicle production, where manufacturers prioritize cost-effective and reliable battery solutions for starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) applications. Although the aftermarket segment leads due to the frequent replacement cycles of batteries, the OEM segment benefits from the continuous production of conventional vehicles and the incorporation of advanced lead-acid battery technologies, such as AGM and EFB, in modern vehicles equipped with start-stop systems. This ensures the OEM segment remains a key contributor to the market's overall growth.
"North America region is estimated to account for the second largest share during the forecast period."
North America holds the second-largest share in the regional segment of the automotive lead-acid battery market. This is driven by the robust automotive industry in the region, which includes both the production of traditional vehicles and the increasing adoption of technologies like start-stop systems in newer models. The demand for lead-acid batteries in North America is bolstered by their widespread use in light vehicles, commercial vehicles, and replacement markets. Additionally, the region benefits from a well-established automotive manufacturing base and strong aftermarket demand, ensuring that lead-acid batteries continue to be a preferred power source due to their affordability and reliability.
Profile break-up of primary participants for the report:
- By Company Type: Tier 1 - 65%, Tier 2 - 20%, and Tier 3 - 15%
- By Designation: Directors- 30%, Managers- 25%, and Others - 45%
- By Region: North America - 30%, Europe - 20%, Asia Pacific - 40%, Middle East and Africa - 7%, and South America - 3%
EnerSys (US), Clarios (US), East Penn Manufacturing Company (US), GS Yuasa International Ltd. (Japan), and Exide Industries Ltd. (India) are some of the major players in the automotive lead acid battery market. These players have adopted acquisitions, expansions, product launches, and partnerships to increase their market share and business revenue.
Research Coverage:
The report defines, segments, and projects the automotive lead acid battery market based on product, type, end use, customer segment, and region. It provides detailed information regarding the major factors influencing the market's growth, such as drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges. It strategically profiles automotive lead acid battery manufacturers. It comprehensively analyzes their market shares and core competencies and tracks and analyzes competitive developments, such as expansions, agreements, product launches, and acquisitions, undertaken by them in the market.
Reasons to Buy the Report:
The report is expected to help the market leaders/new entrants by providing the closest approximations of revenue numbers for the automotive lead acid battery market and its segments. This report is also expected to help stakeholders obtain an improved understanding of the market's competitive landscape, gain insights to improve the position of their businesses and make suitable go-to-market strategies. It also enables stakeholders to understand the market's pulse and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
The report provides insights on the following pointers:
- Analysis of key drivers (Well-established technology & cost-effective energy solution and easily recyclable compared with lithium-ion batteries), restraints (risk of battery explosion due to overcharging), opportunities (technological advancements enhancing durability and reducing maintenance requirements), and challenges (limited usage capacity of lead acid batteries) influencing the growth of the automotive lead acid battery market.
- Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities in the automotive lead acid battery market.
- Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets - the report analyses the automotive lead acid battery market across varied regions.
- Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about various types, untapped geographies, new products, recent developments, and investments in the automotive lead acid battery market.
- Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, and product offerings of leading players in the automotive lead acid battery market, such as EnerSys (US), Clarios (US), East Penn Manufacturing Company (US), GS Yuasa International Ltd. (Japan), Exide Industries Ltd. (India), and others.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
- 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
- 1.3 STUDY SCOPE
- 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED
- 1.3.2 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS
- 1.4 YEARS CONSIDERED
- 1.5 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
- 1.6 UNITS CONSIDERED
- 1.7 LIMITATIONS
- 1.8 STAKEHOLDERS
- 1.9 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 2.1 RESEARCH DATA
- 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
- 2.1.1.1 Key data from secondary sources
- 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
- 2.1.2.1 Key data from primary sources
- 2.1.2.2 Breakdown of interviews with experts
- 2.2 DEMAND-SIDE ANALYSIS
- 2.3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
- 2.3.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
- 2.3.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
- 2.4 SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS
- 2.4.1 CALCULATIONS FOR SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS
- 2.5 GROWTH FORECAST
- 2.6 DATA TRIANGULATION
- 2.7 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
- 2.8 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
- 2.9 RISK ASSESSMENT
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
- 4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN AUTOMOTIVE LEAD-ACID BATTERY MARKET
- 4.2 AUTOMOTIVE LEAD-ACID BATTERY MARKET, BY REGION
- 4.3 AUTOMOTIVE LEAD-ACID BATTERY MARKET, BY KEY COUNTRY
5 MARKET OVERVIEW
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS
- 5.2.1 DRIVERS
- 5.2.1.1 High demand for cost-effective and reliable batteries in automotive industry and affordability
- 5.2.1.2 Easy recyclability compared with lithium-ion batteries
- 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
- 5.2.2.1 Risk of battery explosion due to overcharging
- 5.2.2.2 Growing adoption of lithium-ion batteries
- 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
- 5.2.3.1 Technological advancements to enhance durability of lead-acid batteries
- 5.2.4 CHALLENGES
- 5.2.4.1 Limited capacity of lead-acid batteries
6 INDUSTRY TRENDS
- 6.1 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
- 6.1.1 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
- 6.1.2 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
- 6.1.3 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
- 6.1.4 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
- 6.1.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
- 6.2 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
- 6.2.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
- 6.2.2 BUYING CRITERIA
- 6.3 GLOBAL MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK
- 6.3.1 GDP
- 6.3.2 EXPANDING AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
- 6.4 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
- 6.5 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
- 6.6 PRICING ANALYSIS
- 6.6.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION, 2021-2023
- 6.6.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY TYPE, 2023
- 6.6.3 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF KEY PLAYERS, BY TYPE
- 6.6.4 AVERAGE RETAIL PRICE OF AUTOMOTIVE LEAD-ACID BATTERIES OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS, BY CAPACITY RANGE, 2024
- 6.7 TARIFF AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
- 6.7.1 TARIFF ANALYSIS
- 6.7.2 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
- 6.8 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024-2025
- 6.9 PATENT ANALYSIS
- 6.10 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
- 6.10.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
- 6.10.1.1 Absorbed glass mat (AGM)
- 6.10.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
- 6.10.2.1 Enhanced flooded battery (EFB)
- 6.10.3 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES
- 6.10.3.1 Advanced lead-acid battery
- 6.11 TRADE ANALYSIS
- 6.11.1 IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 850720)
- 6.11.2 EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 850720)
- 6.12 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO
- 6.13 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS
- 6.14 IMPACT OF GENERATIVE AI/AI ON AUTOMOTIVE LEAD-ACID BATTERY MARKET
- 6.14.1 INTRODUCTION
- 6.14.2 ENHANCEMENT OF BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (BMS)
- 6.14.3 OPTIMIZATION OF CHARGING PROFILES
- 6.14.4 PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE AND FAILURE ANALYSIS
7 AUTOMOTIVE LEAD-ACID BATTERY MARKET, BY PRODUCT
- 7.1 INTRODUCTION
- 7.2 SLI BATTERIES
- 7.2.1 CONTINUOUS GROWTH OF AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY, ESPECIALLY IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, TO FUEL DEMAND
- 7.3 MICRO HYBRID BATTERIES
- 7.3.1 RISING DEMAND FOR SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY SOLUTIONS AND FUEL-EFFICIENT VEHICLES TO PROPEL DEMAND
- 7.4 AUXILIARY BATTERIES
- 7.4.1 INCREASING ELECTRIFICATION OF AUTOMOBILES TO BOOST DEMAND
8 AUTOMOTIVE LEAD-ACID BATTERY MARKET, BY TYPE
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION
- 8.2 FLOODED BATTERIES
- 8.2.1 TRADITIONAL FLOODED BATTERIES
- 8.2.1.1 Relatively low initial cost and reliable performance under challenging circumstances to fuel market growth
- 8.2.2 ENHANCED FLOODED BATTERIES
- 8.2.2.1 Improved performance tailored for modern vehicles with start-stop systems to drive market
- 8.3 VRLA BATTERIES
- 8.3.1 ABSORBED GLASS MAT BATTERIES
- 8.3.1.1 Superior performance and durability to fuel market growth
- 8.3.2 OTHER VRLA BATTERIES
9 AUTOMOTIVE LEAD-ACID BATTERY MARKET, BY CUSTOMER SEGMENT
- 9.1 INTRODUCTION
- 9.2 OEM
- 9.2.1 INCREASING VEHICLE PRODUCTION TO FUEL MARKET GROWTH
- 9.3 AFTERMARKET
- 9.3.1 RISING BATTERY REPLACEMENTS AND SYSTEM UPGRADES BY VEHICLE OWNERS TO DRIVE MARKET
10 AUTOMOTIVE LEAD-ACID BATTERY MARKET, BY END USE
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION
- 10.2 PASSENGER CARS
- 10.2.1 RISING DISPOSABLE INCOME AND URBANIZATION TO DRIVE MARKET
- 10.3 LIGHT & HEAVY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES
- 10.3.1 HIGH STARTING POWER AND ELECTRICAL SUPPORT TO DRIVE MARKET
- 10.4 TWO WHEELERS
- 10.4.1 COST-EFFECTIVENESS TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH
- 10.5 THREE WHEELERS
- 10.5.1 AFFORDABILITY AND WIDESPREAD AVAILABILITY TO PROPEL MARKET
11 AUTOMOTIVE LEAD-ACID BATTERY MARKET, BY REGION
- 11.1 INTRODUCTION
- 11.2 NORTH AMERICA
- 11.2.1 US
- 11.2.1.1 Growing consumer demand for vehicles to drive market
- 11.2.2 CANADA
- 11.2.2.1 Rise in commercial motor vehicle production to drive market
- 11.2.3 MEXICO
- 11.2.3.1 Increasing investments in automotive sector to fuel demand for advanced lead-acid batteries
- 11.3 EUROPE
- 11.3.1 UK
- 11.3.1.1 Increased production of commercial vehicles to drive market
- 11.3.2 GERMANY
- 11.3.2.1 Growth of transportation sector to drive market
- 11.3.3 ITALY
- 11.3.3.1 Rising demand for cars and commercial vehicles to propel market
- 11.3.4 FRANCE
- 11.3.4.1 Growing number of cars with start-stop systems to boost demand
- 11.3.5 REST OF EUROPE
- 11.4 ASIA PACIFIC
- 11.4.1 CHINA
- 11.4.1.1 Rising population and increasing demand for cars to propel market
- 11.4.2 JAPAN
- 11.4.2.1 Presence of leading automotive manufacturers to fuel market growth
- 11.4.3 INDIA
- 11.4.3.1 Increasing requirements for passenger cars and government initiatives to boost market growth
- 11.4.4 SOUTH KOREA
- 11.4.4.1 Increasing production of commercial vehicles with internal combustion engines to drive market
- 11.4.5 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
- 11.5 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
- 11.5.1 UAE
- 11.5.1.1 Growth of automotive aftermarket to drive market
- 11.5.2 SAUDI ARABIA
- 11.5.2.1 Government policies to boost market growth
- 11.5.3 SOUTH AFRICA
- 11.5.3.1 Government initiatives to support market growth
- 11.5.4 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
- 11.6 SOUTH AMERICA
- 11.6.1 BRAZIL
- 11.6.1.1 Increased production of flexible-fuel vehicles to drive market
- 11.6.2 CHILE
- 11.6.2.1 Shift toward affordable, recyclable, and dependable energy storage options to drive adoption
- 11.6.3 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA
12 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- 12.1 INTRODUCTION
- 12.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN
- 12.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS
- 12.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS
- 12.5 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON
- 12.5.1 ENERSYS
- 12.5.2 CLARIOS
- 12.5.3 EXIDE INDUSTRIES LTD.
- 12.5.4 GS YUASA INTERNATIONAL LTD.
- 12.5.5 EAST PENN MANUFACTURING COMPANY
- 12.6 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
- 12.6.1 STARS
- 12.6.2 EMERGING LEADERS
- 12.6.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
- 12.6.4 PARTICIPANTS
- 12.6.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
- 12.6.5.1 Company footprint
- 12.6.5.2 Region footprint
- 12.6.5.3 Product footprint
- 12.6.5.4 Type footprint
- 12.6.5.5 End-use footprint
- 12.6.5.6 Customer segment footprint
- 12.7 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023
- 12.7.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES
- 12.7.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES
- 12.7.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES
- 12.7.4 STARTING BLOCKS
- 12.7.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING
- 12.7.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs
- 12.7.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs
- 12.8 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS
- 12.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
- 12.9.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES
- 12.9.2 DEALS
- 12.9.3 EXPANSIONS
13 COMPANY PROFILES
- 13.1 KEY PLAYERS
- 13.1.1 ENERSYS
- 13.1.1.1 Business overview
- 13.1.1.2 Products offered
- 13.1.1.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.1.3.1 Product launches
- 13.1.1.3.2 Deals
- 13.1.1.4 MnM view
- 13.1.1.4.1 Key strengths
- 13.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
- 13.1.2 CLARIOS
- 13.1.2.1 Business overview
- 13.1.2.2 Products offered
- 13.1.2.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.2.3.1 Product launches
- 13.1.2.3.2 Deals
- 13.1.2.3.3 Expansions
- 13.1.2.4 MnM view
- 13.1.2.4.1 Key strengths
- 13.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
- 13.1.3 EXIDE INDUSTRIES LTD.
- 13.1.3.1 Business overview
- 13.1.3.2 Products offered
- 13.1.3.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.3.3.1 Product launches
- 13.1.3.4 MnM view
- 13.1.3.4.1 Key strengths
- 13.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
- 13.1.4 GS YUASA INTERNATIONAL LTD.
- 13.1.4.1 Business overview
- 13.1.4.2 Products offered
- 13.1.4.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.4.3.1 Product launches
- 13.1.4.4 MnM view
- 13.1.4.4.1 Key strengths
- 13.1.4.4.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.4.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
- 13.1.5 EAST PENN MANUFACTURING COMPANY
- 13.1.5.1 Business overview
- 13.1.5.2 Products offered
- 13.1.5.3 MnM view
- 13.1.5.3.1 Key strengths
- 13.1.5.3.2 Strategic choices
- 13.1.5.3.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats
- 13.1.6 C&D TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- 13.1.6.1 Business overview
- 13.1.6.2 Products offered
- 13.1.7 CAMEL GROUP CO., LTD
- 13.1.7.1 Business overview
- 13.1.7.2 Products offered
- 13.1.7.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.8 TIANNENG RECHARGEABLE BATTERY MANUFACTURERS
- 13.1.8.1 Business overview
- 13.1.8.2 Products offered
- 13.1.8.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.9 LEOCH INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
- 13.1.9.1 Business overview
- 13.1.9.2 Products offered
- 13.1.9.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.10 AMARA RAJA ENERGY & MOBILITY LIMITED
- 13.1.10.1 Business overview
- 13.1.10.2 Products offered
- 13.1.11 THE FURUKAWA BATTERY CO., LTD.
- 13.1.11.1 Business overview
- 13.1.11.2 Products offered
- 13.1.12 ROBERT BOSCH LLC
- 13.1.12.1 Business overview
- 13.1.12.2 Products offered
- 13.1.13 REEM BATTERIES
- 13.1.13.1 Business overview
- 13.1.13.2 Products offered
- 13.1.14 CENTURY BATTERIES INDONESIA
- 13.1.14.1 Business overview
- 13.1.14.2 Products offered
- 13.1.15 STRYTEN ENERGY
- 13.1.15.1 Business overview
- 13.1.15.2 Products offered
- 13.1.15.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.15.3.1 Product launches
- 13.1.15.3.2 Deals
- 13.1.15.3.3 Expansions
- 13.1.16 EXIDE TECHNOLOGIES
- 13.1.16.1 Business overview
- 13.1.16.2 Products offered
- 13.1.16.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.16.3.1 Product launches
- 13.1.16.3.2 Deals
- 13.1.17 CROWN BATTERY
- 13.1.17.1 Business overview
- 13.1.17.2 Products offered
- 13.1.18 FIAMM ENERGY TECHNOLOGY S.P.A.
- 13.1.18.1 Business overview
- 13.1.18.2 Products offered
- 13.1.18.3 Recent developments
- 13.1.18.3.1 Product launches
- 13.1.18.3.2 Deals
- 13.1.19 CSB ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
- 13.1.19.1 Business overview
- 13.1.19.2 Products offered
- 13.1.20 MOURA ACCUMULATORS SA
- 13.1.20.1 Business overview
- 13.1.20.2 Products offered
- 13.2 OTHER PLAYERS
- 13.2.1 MEBCO
- 13.2.2 KOYOSONIC POWER CO., LTD.
- 13.2.3 RITAR INTERNATIONAL GROUP LIMITED
- 13.2.4 JYC BATTERY MANUFACTURER CO., LTD.
- 13.2.5 POWER SONIC CORPORATION
- 13.2.6 XINFU TECHNOLOGY (CHINA) CO., LIMITED
14 ADJACENT AND RELATED MARKETS
- 14.1 INTRODUCTION
- 14.2 LIMITATIONS
- 14.3 INTERCONNECTED MARKETS
- 14.4 ADVANCED LEAD-ACID BATTERY MARKET
- 14.4.1 MARKET DEFINITION
- 14.4.2 MARKET OVERVIEW
- 14.4.3 ADVANCED LEAD-ACID BATTERY MARKET, BY TYPE
- 14.4.3.1 Stationary
- 14.4.3.1.1 Use in commercial & residential and utility sectors to drive demand
- 14.4.3.2 Motive
- 14.4.3.2.1 Increased applications in transportation sector to boost market
15 APPENDIX
- 15.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE
- 15.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS' SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL
- 15.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS
- 15.4 RELATED REPORTS
- 15.5 AUTHOR DETAILS