穩定的融資策略：儲能專案成功的關鍵

本報告分析了目前市場上流行的建設和貨幣化合約類型以及與之相關的各種融資風險。 用於主要 UES（公用事業規模儲能）和 C&I（商業和工業）系統的合約 - 包括太陽能光伏加儲能項目、無線替代方案 (NWA)、虛擬發電廠和恢復服務。收入合約分析。 它還解釋了與儲能項目建設相關的各種技術、營運、建設和利潤風險，以及政府的支持激勵措施。 它還包括有關 NHOA 和 Pivot Power 在開發最新電池系統專案時使用的最佳實踐和合約的資訊。

目錄

火花

上下文

建議

公用事業和工業正在部署電池儲能係統，以滿足容量需求和資源充足性

• UES 的用途
• 工商業電池儲存的應用

專案業主力求透過建設-轉讓和買賣協議最大限度地降低施工風險

建築和開發合約業主現在可以以更大的控制力和最小的風險簽訂專案開發協議

• PSA
• EPC 或統包合約
• 案例研究：NHOA Energy 的 Kwinana 項目
• BTA

購電協議/租賃/商業收入協議為當今市場上的專案所有者和承購商提供了各種好處

• PPA
• 商家服務
• 租賃
• 定價合約

UES和工商業儲能係統的收入來源和交易結構將隨著時間的推移而發展

PPA 和商家收入是企業規模 ESS 最喜歡的交易類型

• 公用事業規模的太陽能發電加存儲
• IPP
• 用於輸配電資產優化的整合 NWA
• 對歐洲電網規模電池儲存專案的雄心勃勃的投資

工商業儲能係統依賴災難復原計畫和透過批發聚合商提供的輔助服務來產生收入

• 需求費用管理
• VPP
• 恢復/備份服務

了解融資風險和現有監管環境可提高專案安全性

• 技術風險
• 案例研究：Pivot Power 的混合電池系統
• 施工風險
• 業務風險
• 收益風險

電池系統所有者越來越多地選擇保險解決方案來保護他們的投資

監管狀況、稅收抵免和政府激勵措施

• 美國的獎勵措施
• 歐洲激勵措施

This study analyzes the types of construction and monetization contracts prevalent in today's market and the various financing risks associated with them. It provides an analysis of the deal structures and revenue contracts used for major UES and C&I systems such as solar plus storage projects, non-wires alternatives, virtual power plants, and resiliency services. It also explains the various technology, operations, construction, and revenue risks associated with building a battery project and the supporting government incentives. Also included are best practices and contracts utilized by NHOA and Pivot Power in developing their recent battery system projects.

Table of Contents

Spark

Context

Recommendations

Utilities and Industries Are Deploying Battery Energy Storage Systems to Fulfil Capacity Requirements and Resource Adequacy

UES Applications

C&I Battery Storage Applications

Project Owners Are Looking to Minimize Construction Risks through Build-Transfer and Purchase and Sale Agreements

Construction and Development Contract Owners Can Now Enter Project Development Contracts with Greater Control and Minimal Risks

PSA

EPC or Turnkey Contract

Case Study: NHOA Energy's Kwinana Project

BTA

PPAs, Leases, and Merchant Revenue Contracts Offer Various Benefits to Project Owners and Off-Takers in Today's Market

PPAs

Merchant Services

Leases

Tolling Agreements

The Revenue Streams and Deal Structures for UES and C&I Storage Systems Are Evolving Over Time

PPAs and Merchant Revenue Are the Most Preferred Types of Deals for Utility-Scale ESSs

Utility-Scale Solar Plus Storage

IPPs

Integrated NWAs for T&D Asset Optimization

Europe's Ambitious Investments in Grid-Scale Battery Storage Projects

C&I Battery Storage Systems Rely on DR Programs and Ancillary Services Through Wholesale Aggregators to Generate Revenue

Demand Charge Management

VPPs

Resiliency and Backup Services

Understanding Financing Risks and the Existing Regulatory Landscape Increases Project Security

Technology Risks

Case Study: Pivot Power's Hybrid Battery System

Construction Risks

Operating Risks

Revenue Risks

Battery System Owners Are Increasingly Opting for Insurance Solutions to Safeguard Their Investments

Regulatory Landscape, Tax Credits, and Government Incentives

US Incentives

European Incentives

List of Tables

Scale of Projects and Deals in the Utility-Scale Market Segment

Project and Deal Scale in the C&I Market

Range of Monthly Electric Demand Charges Across States ($/kW per Month)

List of Figures

An Illustration of FTM and BTM Battery Storage Systems

Overview of Project Development and Monetization Contracts

Types of Project Development Contracts between Owners and Developers

Deal Structures and Revenue Streams for UES systems

Deal Structures and Revenue Streams in the C&I Segment