封面
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1537006

功能性印刷市場:全球產業分析,規模,佔有率,成長,趨勢,預測,2024年~2032年

Functional Printing Market: Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2024-2032

出版日期: | 出版商: Persistence Market Research | 英文 250 Pages | 商品交期: 2-5個工作天內

價格
簡介目錄

Persistence Market Research最近發布了一份關於全球功能性印刷市場的綜合報告。該報告對關鍵市場動態進行了深入分析,包括驅動因素、趨勢、機會和挑戰,並提供了有關市場結構的詳細見解。

主要的洞察

  • 功能性印刷市場規模(2024 年):151.553 億美元
  • 預測市場金額(2032 年):35,945,500,000 美元
  • 全球市場成長率(2024-2032 年複合年增長率):11.40%

功能性印刷市場 - 研究範圍:

功能印刷涉及將電子和功能材料應用於各種基材,以製造先進的高性能設備。該市場包括噴墨印刷、網版印刷和凹版印刷等技術,並用於柔性電子、感測器和光伏電池等應用。功能性印刷市場的成長是由印刷技術的進步、智慧包裝需求的增加以及柔性和穿戴式電子產品的日益採用所推動的。

推動市場成長的因素:

幾個關鍵因素正在推動全球功能性印刷市場的發展。印刷方法的技術進步,例如分辨率和材料相容性的提高,在市場擴張中發揮重要作用。對柔性電子和智慧包裝解決方案不斷增長的需求也是一個主要驅動力。此外,功能性印刷在汽車、醫療保健和消費電子等各個行業的日益增長的應用也支持了市場的成長。研發投資和材料科學的進步正在進一步推動市場發展。

市場阻礙因素:

儘管功能性印刷市場具有成長潛力,但仍面臨初始投資成本高以及與印刷複雜結構相關的技術限制等挑戰。它需要專門的設備和材料,這對小型企業來說可能是一個障礙。此外,與列印過程的可擴展性和列印設備的長期可靠性相關的問題可能會影響市場的採用。有關使用某些印刷材料的監管限制和環境問題也帶來了潛在的挑戰。

市場機會:

由於印刷電子應用的不斷擴大、技術開發投資的增加以及消費者對創新產品需求的不斷增長,功能性印刷市場提供了巨大的成長機會。醫療保健領域的新應用,例如印刷生物感測器和診斷設備,為市場擴張提供了新途徑。此外,永續和環保印刷材料的開發為成長開闢了新的可能性。技術提供者、材料供應商和最終用戶之間的合​​作可能會促進創新和市場開發。

本報告解決的關鍵問題

  • 推動功能性印刷市場全球成長的關鍵因素是什麼?
  • 哪些應用程式正在引領功能性列印技術的採用?
  • 印刷技術的進步如何影響功能性印刷市場的競爭格局?
  • 誰是功能性印刷市場的主要參與者? 他們採取什麼策略來維持自己的市場地位?
  • 全球功能性印刷市場的新趨勢和未來前景是什麼?

目錄

第1章 摘要整理

第2章 市場概要

  • 市場範圍/分類
  • 市場定義/範圍/限制

第3章 市場背景

  • 市場動態
  • 情境預測
  • 機會地圖分析
  • 投資可行性矩陣
  • PESTLE和波特五力分析
  • 法規情形
  • 各地區親市場預測

第4章 全球功能性印刷市場分析

  • 過去的市場規模金額(10億美元)分析,2019年~2023年
  • 現在及未來市場規模金額(10億美元)預測,2024年~2032年
    • 前一年同期比較成長趨勢分析
    • 絕對額的機會分析

第5章 全球功能性印刷市場分析:各技術

  • 簡介/主要調查結果
  • 過去的市場規模金額(10億美元)的分析:各技術,2019年~2023年
  • 現在及未來市場規模金額(10億美元)分析與預測:各技術,2024年~2032年
    • 噴墨印刷
    • 網版印刷
    • 彈性凸版印刷
    • 其他
  • 前一年同期比較成長趨勢分析:各技術,2019年~2023年
  • 絕對額的機會分析:各技術,2024年~2032年

第6章 全球功能性印刷市場分析:各用途

  • 簡介/主要調查結果
  • 過去的市場規模金額(10億美元)的分析:各用途,2019年~2023年
  • 現在及未來市場規模金額(10億美元)的分析與預測:各用途,2024年~2032年
    • 感測器
    • 顯示器
    • RFID標籤
    • 其他
  • 前一年同期比較成長趨勢分析:各用途,2019年~2023年
  • 絕對額的機會分析:各用途,2024年~2032年

第7章 全球功能性印刷市場分析:各地區

  • 簡介
  • 過去的市場規模金額(10億美元)的分析:各地區,2019年~2023年
  • 目前市場規模金額(10億美元)的分析與預測:各地區,2024年~2032年
    • 北美
    • 南美
    • 歐洲
    • 亞太地區
    • 中東·非洲
  • 市場魅力分析:各地區

第8章 北美的功能性印刷市場分析:各國

第9章 南美的功能性印刷市場分析:各國

第10章 歐洲的功能性印刷市場分析:各國

第11章 亞太地區的功能性印刷市場分析:各國

第12章 中東·非洲的功能性印刷市場分析:各國

第13章 主要國家的功能性印刷市場分析

  • 美國
  • 加拿大
  • 巴西
  • 墨西哥
  • 德國
  • 英國
  • 法國
  • 西班牙
  • 義大利
  • 中國
  • 日本
  • 韓國
  • 新加坡
  • 泰國
  • 印尼
  • 澳洲
  • 紐西蘭
  • GCC各國
  • 南非
  • 以色列

第14章 市場結構分析

  • 競爭儀表板
  • 競爭基準
  • 主要企業的市場佔有率分析

第15章 競爭分析

  • 競爭的詳細資訊
    • BASF
    • Blue Spark Technologies
    • DuraTech Industries
    • E Ink Holdings
    • Eastman Kodak Company.
    • Enfucell
    • ESMA
    • Nissha GSI Technologies
    • Isorg
    • Mark Andy
    • DowDuPont

第16章 所使用的前提條件與縮寫

第17章 調查手法

簡介目錄
Product Code: PMRREP10927

Persistence Market Research has recently published a comprehensive report on the global Functional Printing Market. This report offers an in-depth analysis of crucial market dynamics, including drivers, trends, opportunities, and challenges, providing detailed insights into the market structure.

Key Insights:

  • Functional Printing Market Size (2024E): USD 15.1553 Bn
  • Projected Market Value (2032F): USD 35.9455 Bn
  • Global Market Growth Rate (CAGR 2024-2032): 11.40%

Functional Printing Market - Report Scope:

Functional printing involves the application of electronic and functional materials onto various substrates to create advanced, high-performance devices. This market encompasses technologies such as inkjet printing, screen printing, and gravure printing used in applications including flexible electronics, sensors, and photovoltaic cells. The growth of the functional printing market is driven by advancements in printing technologies, increasing demand for smart packaging, and the rising adoption of flexible and wearable electronics.

Market Growth Drivers:

Several key factors are driving the global functional printing market. Technological advancements in printing methods, such as improved resolution and material compatibility, play a significant role in market expansion. The growing demand for flexible electronics and smart packaging solutions is also a major growth driver. Additionally, the increasing application of functional printing in various industries, including automotive, healthcare, and consumer electronics, supports market growth. Investments in research and development, coupled with advancements in material science, are further fueling the market's development.

Market Restraints:

Despite its growth potential, the functional printing market faces challenges such as high initial investment costs and technical limitations associated with printing complex structures. The need for specialized equipment and materials can be a barrier for small and medium-sized enterprises. Additionally, issues related to the scalability of printing processes and the long-term reliability of printed devices may affect market adoption. Regulatory constraints and environmental concerns regarding the use of certain printing materials also pose potential challenges.

Market Opportunities:

The functional printing market presents significant growth opportunities driven by the expanding applications of printed electronics, increased investment in technology development, and growing consumer demand for innovative products. Emerging applications in the healthcare sector, such as printed biosensors and diagnostic devices, offer new avenues for market expansion. Additionally, the development of sustainable and eco-friendly printing materials opens up new possibilities for growth. Collaborations between technology providers, material suppliers, and end-users are likely to drive innovation and market advancement.

Key Questions Answered in the Report:

  • What are the primary factors driving the growth of the functional printing market globally?
  • Which applications are leading the adoption of functional printing technologies?
  • How are advancements in printing technologies influencing the competitive landscape of the functional printing market?
  • Who are the key players in the functional printing market, and what strategies are they employing to maintain their market position?
  • What are the emerging trends and future prospects in the global functional printing market?

Competitive Intelligence and Business Strategy:

Leading players in the global functional printing market, such as Hewlett-Packard (HP), DuPont, and Samsung Electronics, focus on technological innovation, strategic partnerships, and material advancements to gain a competitive edge. These companies invest heavily in R&D to develop new printing technologies and applications. Collaborations with research institutions and technology firms enhance market access and support the introduction of advanced products. Additionally, addressing scalability issues and meeting regulatory requirements are key strategies for strengthening market positioning.

Key Companies Profiled:

  • BASF
  • Blue Spark Technologies
  • DuraTech Industries
  • E Ink Holdings
  • Eastman Kodak Company.
  • Enfucell
  • ESMA
  • Nissha GSI Technologies
  • Isorg
  • Mark Andy
  • DowDuPont

Functional Printing Market Segmentation:

By Technology:

  • Inkjet Printing
  • Screen Printing
  • Flexography

By Application:

  • Sensors
  • Displays
  • RFID Tags

By Region:

  • North America
  • Latin America
  • Europe
  • Asia Pacific
  • Middle East and Africa

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

  • 1.1. Global Market Outlook
  • 1.2. Demand-side Trends
  • 1.3. Supply-side Trends
  • 1.4. Technology Roadmap Analysis
  • 1.5. Analysis and Recommendations

2. Market Overview

  • 2.1. Market Coverage / Taxonomy
  • 2.2. Market Definition / Scope / Limitations

3. Market Background

  • 3.1. Market Dynamics
    • 3.1.1. Drivers
    • 3.1.2. Restraints
    • 3.1.3. Opportunity
    • 3.1.4. Trends
  • 3.2. Scenario Forecast
    • 3.2.1. Demand in Optimistic Scenario
    • 3.2.2. Demand in Likely Scenario
    • 3.2.3. Demand in Conservative Scenario
  • 3.3. Opportunity Map Analysis
  • 3.4. Investment Feasibility Matrix
  • 3.5. PESTLE and Porter's Analysis
  • 3.6. Regulatory Landscape
    • 3.6.1. By Key Regions
    • 3.6.2. By Key Countries
  • 3.7. Regional Parent Market Outlook

4. Global Functional Printing Market Analysis 2019-2023 and Forecast, 2024-2032

  • 4.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Analysis, 2019-2023
  • 4.2. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Projections, 2024-2032
    • 4.2.1. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis
    • 4.2.2. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis

5. Global Functional Printing Market Analysis 2019-2023 and Forecast 2024-2032, By Technology

  • 5.1. Introduction / Key Findings
  • 5.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Analysis By Technology, 2019-2023
  • 5.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast By Technology, 2024-2032
    • 5.3.1. Inkjet Printing
    • 5.3.2. Screen Printing
    • 5.3.3. Flexography
    • 5.3.4. Others
  • 5.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Technology, 2019-2023
  • 5.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Technology, 2024-2032

6. Global Functional Printing Market Analysis 2019-2023 and Forecast 2024-2032, By Application

  • 6.1. Introduction / Key Findings
  • 6.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Analysis By Application, 2019-2023
  • 6.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast By Application, 2024-2032
    • 6.3.1. Sensors
    • 6.3.2. Displays
    • 6.3.3. RFID Tags
    • 6.3.4. Others
  • 6.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Application, 2019-2023
  • 6.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Application, 2024-2032

7. Global Functional Printing Market Analysis 2019-2023 and Forecast 2024-2032, By Region

  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Analysis By Region, 2019-2023
  • 7.3. Current Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast By Region, 2024-2032
    • 7.3.1. North America
    • 7.3.2. Latin America
    • 7.3.3. Europe
    • 7.3.4. Asia Pacific
    • 7.3.5. Middle East & Africa
  • 7.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region

8. North America Functional Printing Market Analysis 2019-2023 and Forecast 2024-2032, By Country

  • 8.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2019-2023
  • 8.2. Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2024-2032
    • 8.2.1. By Country
      • 8.2.1.1. USA
      • 8.2.1.2. Canada
    • 8.2.2. By Technology
    • 8.2.3. By Application
  • 8.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
    • 8.3.1. By Country
    • 8.3.2. By Technology
    • 8.3.3. By Application
  • 8.4. Key Takeaways

9. Latin America Functional Printing Market Analysis 2019-2023 and Forecast 2024-2032, By Country

  • 9.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2019-2023
  • 9.2. Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2024-2032
    • 9.2.1. By Country
      • 9.2.1.1. Brazil
      • 9.2.1.2. Mexico
      • 9.2.1.3. Rest of Latin America
    • 9.2.2. By Technology
    • 9.2.3. By Application
  • 9.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
    • 9.3.1. By Country
    • 9.3.2. By Technology
    • 9.3.3. By Application
  • 9.4. Key Takeaways

10. Europe Functional Printing Market Analysis 2019-2023 and Forecast 2024-2032, By Country

  • 10.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2019-2023
  • 10.2. Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2024-2032
    • 10.2.1. By Country
      • 10.2.1.1. Germany
      • 10.2.1.2. United Kingdom
      • 10.2.1.3. France
      • 10.2.1.4. Spain
      • 10.2.1.5. Italy
      • 10.2.1.6. Rest of Europe
    • 10.2.2. By Technology
    • 10.2.3. By Application
  • 10.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
    • 10.3.1. By Country
    • 10.3.2. By Technology
    • 10.3.3. By Application
  • 10.4. Key Takeaways

11. Asia Pacific Functional Printing Market Analysis 2019-2023 and Forecast 2024-2032, By Country

  • 11.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2019-2023
  • 11.2. Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2024-2032
    • 11.2.1. By Country
      • 11.2.1.1. China
      • 11.2.1.2. Japan
      • 11.2.1.3. South Korea
      • 11.2.1.4. Singapore
      • 11.2.1.5. Thailand
      • 11.2.1.6. Indonesia
      • 11.2.1.7. Australia
      • 11.2.1.8. New Zealand
      • 11.2.1.9. Rest of Asia Pacific
    • 11.2.2. By Technology
    • 11.2.3. By Application
  • 11.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
    • 11.3.1. By Country
    • 11.3.2. By Technology
    • 11.3.3. By Application
  • 11.4. Key Takeaways

12. Middle East & Africa Functional Printing Market Analysis 2019-2023 and Forecast 2024-2032, By Country

  • 12.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2019-2023
  • 12.2. Market Size Value (US$ Bn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2024-2032
    • 12.2.1. By Country
      • 12.2.1.1. GCC Countries
      • 12.2.1.2. South Africa
      • 12.2.1.3. Israel
      • 12.2.1.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa
    • 12.2.2. By Technology
    • 12.2.3. By Application
  • 12.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
    • 12.3.1. By Country
    • 12.3.2. By Technology
    • 12.3.3. By Application
  • 12.4. Key Takeaways

13. Key Countries Functional Printing Market Analysis

  • 13.1. USA
    • 13.1.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.1.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.1.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.1.2.2. By Application
  • 13.2. Canada
    • 13.2.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.2.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.2.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.2.2.2. By Application
  • 13.3. Brazil
    • 13.3.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.3.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.3.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.3.2.2. By Application
  • 13.4. Mexico
    • 13.4.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.4.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.4.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.4.2.2. By Application
  • 13.5. Germany
    • 13.5.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.5.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.5.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.5.2.2. By Application
  • 13.6. United Kingdom
    • 13.6.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.6.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.6.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.6.2.2. By Application
  • 13.7. France
    • 13.7.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.7.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.7.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.7.2.2. By Application
  • 13.8. Spain
    • 13.8.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.8.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.8.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.8.2.2. By Application
  • 13.9. Italy
    • 13.9.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.9.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.9.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.9.2.2. By Application
  • 13.10. China
    • 13.10.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.10.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.10.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.10.2.2. By Application
  • 13.11. Japan
    • 13.11.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.11.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.11.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.11.2.2. By Application
  • 13.12. South Korea
    • 13.12.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.12.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.12.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.12.2.2. By Application
  • 13.13. Singapore
    • 13.13.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.13.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.13.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.13.2.2. By Application
  • 13.14. Thailand
    • 13.14.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.14.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.14.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.14.2.2. By Application
  • 13.15. Indonesia
    • 13.15.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.15.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.15.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.15.2.2. By Application
  • 13.16. Australia
    • 13.16.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.16.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.16.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.16.2.2. By Application
  • 13.17. New Zealand
    • 13.17.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.17.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.17.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.17.2.2. By Application
  • 13.18. GCC Countries
    • 13.18.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.18.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.18.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.18.2.2. By Application
  • 13.19. South Africa
    • 13.19.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.19.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.19.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.19.2.2. By Application
  • 13.20. Israel
    • 13.20.1. Pricing Analysis
    • 13.20.2. Market Share Analysis, 2024
      • 13.20.2.1. By Technology
      • 13.20.2.2. By Application

14. Market Structure Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition Dashboard
  • 14.2. Competition Benchmarking
  • 14.3. Market Share Analysis of Top Players
    • 14.3.1. By Regional
    • 14.3.2. By Technology
    • 14.3.3. By Application

15. Competition Analysis

  • 15.1. Competition Deep Dive
    • 15.1.1. BASF
      • 15.1.1.1. Overview
      • 15.1.1.2. Product Portfolio
      • 15.1.1.3. Profitability by Market Segments
      • 15.1.1.4. Sales Footprint
      • 15.1.1.5. Strategy Overview
        • 15.1.1.5.1. Marketing Strategy
    • 15.1.2. Blue Spark Technologies
      • 15.1.2.1. Overview
      • 15.1.2.2. Product Portfolio
      • 15.1.2.3. Profitability by Market Segments
      • 15.1.2.4. Sales Footprint
      • 15.1.2.5. Strategy Overview
        • 15.1.2.5.1. Marketing Strategy
    • 15.1.3. DuraTech Industries
      • 15.1.3.1. Overview
      • 15.1.3.2. Product Portfolio
      • 15.1.3.3. Profitability by Market Segments
      • 15.1.3.4. Sales Footprint
      • 15.1.3.5. Strategy Overview
        • 15.1.3.5.1. Marketing Strategy
    • 15.1.4. E Ink Holdings
      • 15.1.4.1. Overview
      • 15.1.4.2. Product Portfolio
      • 15.1.4.3. Profitability by Market Segments
      • 15.1.4.4. Sales Footprint
      • 15.1.4.5. Strategy Overview
        • 15.1.4.5.1. Marketing Strategy
    • 15.1.5. Eastman Kodak Company.
      • 15.1.5.1. Overview
      • 15.1.5.2. Product Portfolio
      • 15.1.5.3. Profitability by Market Segments
      • 15.1.5.4. Sales Footprint
      • 15.1.5.5. Strategy Overview
        • 15.1.5.5.1. Marketing Strategy
    • 15.1.6. Enfucell
      • 15.1.6.1. Overview
      • 15.1.6.2. Product Portfolio
      • 15.1.6.3. Profitability by Market Segments
      • 15.1.6.4. Sales Footprint
      • 15.1.6.5. Strategy Overview
        • 15.1.6.5.1. Marketing Strategy
    • 15.1.7. ESMA
      • 15.1.7.1. Overview
      • 15.1.7.2. Product Portfolio
      • 15.1.7.3. Profitability by Market Segments
      • 15.1.7.4. Sales Footprint
      • 15.1.7.5. Strategy Overview
        • 15.1.7.5.1. Marketing Strategy
    • 15.1.8. Nissha GSI Technologies
      • 15.1.8.1. Overview
      • 15.1.8.2. Product Portfolio
      • 15.1.8.3. Profitability by Market Segments
      • 15.1.8.4. Sales Footprint
      • 15.1.8.5. Strategy Overview
        • 15.1.8.5.1. Marketing Strategy
    • 15.1.9. Isorg
      • 15.1.9.1. Overview
      • 15.1.9.2. Product Portfolio
      • 15.1.9.3. Profitability by Market Segments
      • 15.1.9.4. Sales Footprint
      • 15.1.9.5. Strategy Overview
        • 15.1.9.5.1. Marketing Strategy
    • 15.1.10. Mark Andy
      • 15.1.10.1. Overview
      • 15.1.10.2. Product Portfolio
      • 15.1.10.3. Profitability by Market Segments
      • 15.1.10.4. Sales Footprint
      • 15.1.10.5. Strategy Overview
        • 15.1.10.5.1. Marketing Strategy
    • 15.1.11. DowDuPont
      • 15.1.11.1. Overview
      • 15.1.11.2. Product Portfolio
      • 15.1.11.3. Profitability by Market Segments
      • 15.1.11.4. Sales Footprint
      • 15.1.11.5. Strategy Overview
        • 15.1.11.5.1. Marketing Strategy

16. Assumptions & Acronyms Used

17. Research Methodology