碳酸鋰市場：全球產業分析、市場規模、佔有率、成長、趨勢與未來預測（2025-2032）

Persistence Market Research 最近發布了一份關於全球碳酸鋰市場的綜合報告。該報告對市場促進因素、趨勢、機會、促進因素和挑戰等關鍵市場動態進行了全面評估，並對市場結構提供了詳細的見解。本研究報告提供獨家資料和統計數據，概述了 2025 年至 2032 年全球碳酸鋰市場的預期成長軌跡。

關鍵見解

• 碳酸鋰市場規模（2025年）：31.8億美元
• 市場規模預測（以金額為準，2032年）：73.9億美元
• 全球市場成長率（2025-2032年複合年成長率）：12.8%

碳酸鋰市場：分析範圍

碳酸鋰是生產鋰離子電池的關鍵成分，鋰離子電池為電動車（EV）、家用電器和可再生能源儲存系統提供動力。此外，它還用於藥品、玻璃和陶瓷。向永續能源解決方案的日益轉變以及對電動車的需求不斷成長，對市場擴張做出了重大貢獻。碳酸鋰市場受到電池技術進步、採礦和提取投資增加以及政府支持清潔能源轉型的優惠政策的推動。

市場成長動力：

由於嚴格的排放法規和碳中和的推動，電動車的加速普及推動了全球碳酸鋰市場的發展。可再生能源儲存解決方案的擴展以及鋰離子電池效率的提高將進一步推動市場成長。此外，從鹽水和鋰輝石中提取鋰的投資增加，以及政府對電池製造的補貼，也促進了市場擴張。此外，製藥業對碳酸鋰的需求不斷成長，特別是用於治療躁鬱症，進一步推動了市場成長。

市場限制：

儘管碳酸鋰市場成長勢頭強勁，但它仍面臨著供應鏈中斷、鋰價波動以及鋰提取的環境問題等挑戰。鋰的開採和精製成本高昂，加上影響鋰供應的地緣政治緊張局勢，對市場穩定構成了挑戰。此外，人們對鈉離子電池等替代電池化學材料的需求日益成長，這可能會對碳酸鋰的長期需求產生影響。解決這些問題需要對永續鋰礦開採實踐和電池舉措進行策略性投資。

市場機會：

由於鋰回收技術的進步、電池生產戰略夥伴關係的建立以及對替代鋰提取方法的研究不斷增加，碳酸鋰市場預計將迎來巨大的成長機會。人工智慧（AI）和自動化在鋰提取和加工中的融合有望提高生產效率並減少對環境的影響。此外，專門用於電池製造的超級工廠的擴張，加上電網規模能源儲存的新興應用，為市場參與者提供了豐厚的機會。

本報告回答的關鍵問題

• 推動全球碳酸鋰市場成長的關鍵因素有哪些？
• 電動車需求的不斷成長如何影響碳酸鋰的生產和供應鏈？
• 哪些技術進步將影響碳酸鋰的萃取和電池製造？
• 碳酸鋰市場的主要企業有哪些？你們的市場擴張策略是什麼？
• 全球碳酸鋰市場有哪些新趨勢和未來前景？

目錄

第1章執行摘要

第2章 市場概述

• 市場範圍和定義
• 市場動態
  • 驅動程式
  • 限制因素
  • 機會
  • 任務
  • 主要趨勢
• 產品生命週期分析
• 全球母市場概覽
• 碳酸鋰市場：價值鏈
  • 原物料供應商名單
  • 製造商列表
  • 經銷商名單
  • 用途列表
  • 盈利分析
• 預測因子：相關性和影響力
• COVID-19影響評估
• PESTLE分析
• 波特五力分析
• 地緣政治緊張局勢：市場影響
• 監理和評級格局

第3章宏觀經濟因素

• 全球產業展望
• 全球GDP成長前景
• 其他宏觀經濟因素

第4章 價格趨勢分析（2019-2032）

• 主要亮點
• 影響產品價格的關鍵因素
• 按電池/等級/用途定價
• 各地區價格及產品偏好

第5章全球碳酸鋰市場展望：過去（2019-2024）與預測（2025-2032）

• 主要亮點
  • 市場規模及與前一年同期比較率
  • 絕對的商機
• 市場規模預測（數量和以金額為準（十億美元））
  • 歷史市場規模分析（2019-2024）
  • 目前市場規模預測（2025-2032）
• 全球碳酸鋰市場展望：按電池類型
  • 簡介/主要發現
  • 電池歷史市場規模分析（十億美元，2019-2024 年）
  • 電池目前市場規模預測（十億美元，2025-2032）
    • 鋰離子電池
    • 鋰金屬電池
    • 其他
• 電池市場吸引力分析
• 全球碳酸鋰市場按等級展望
  • 簡介/主要發現
  • 按等級分類的歷史市場規模分析（十億美元，2019-2024 年）
  • 目前市場規模預測（按等級分類，十億美元，2025-2032 年）
    • 電池級
    • 工業級
    • 工業級
• 市場吸引力分析：按等級
• 全球碳酸鋰市場應用前景
  • 簡介/主要發現
  • 按應用分類的歷史市場規模分析（十億美元，2019-2024 年）
  • 目前市場規模預測（按應用分類）（十億美元，2025-2032 年）
    • 電動車
    • 製藥
    • 水泥
    • 玻璃和陶瓷
    • 其他
• 市場吸引力分析：按應用

6. 全球碳酸鋰市場區域展望

• 主要亮點
• 按地區分類的歷史市場規模分析（十億美元，2019-2024 年）
• 各地區目前市場規模預測（十億美元，2025-2032）
  • 北美洲
  • 歐洲
  • 東亞
  • 南亞和大洋洲
  • 拉丁美洲
  • 中東和非洲
• 市場吸引力分析：按地區

7. 北美碳酸鋰市場展望：歷史（2019-2024）與預測（2025-2032）

8. 歐洲碳酸鋰市場展望：歷史（2019-2024）與預測（2025-2032）

第9章東亞碳酸鋰市場展望：過去（2019-2024）與預測（2025-2032）

第10章南亞和大洋洲碳酸鋰市場展望：歷史（2019-2024）和預測（2025-2032）

第 11 章拉丁美洲碳酸鋰市場展望：歷史（2019-2024 年）與預測（2025-2032 年）

第 12 章中東和非洲碳酸鋰市場展望：歷史（2019-2024 年）和預測（2025-2032 年）

第13章競爭格局

• 市場佔有率分析（2025年）
• 市場結構
  • 競爭強度圖：按市場
  • 競爭儀錶板
  • 產品生產能力（表觀值）
• 公司簡介（詳情：概述、財務狀況、策略、最新發展）
  • Albemarle Corp.
  • Ganfeng Lithium Co., Ltd.
  • SQM SA
  • Tianqi Lithium Corporation
  • Livent Corp.
  • Lithium Americas Corp.
  • Pilbara Minerals
  • Orocobre Limited Pty. Ltd.
  • Mineral Resources Group Co., Ltd.

第 14 章注記：公司名單並不詳盡，在研究過程中可能會增加更多公司。

第15章 附錄

• 分析方法
• 分析前提條件
• 首字母縮寫和簡稱

Persistence Market Research has recently released a comprehensive report on the worldwide market for lithium carbonate. The report offers a thorough assessment of crucial market dynamics, including drivers, trends, opportunities, and challenges, providing detailed insights into the market structure. This research publication presents exclusive data and statistics outlining the anticipated growth trajectory of the global lithium carbonate market from 2025 to 2032.

Key Insights:

• Lithium Carbonate Market Size (2025E): US$ 3.18 Bn
• Projected Market Value (2032F): US$ 7.39 Bn
• Global Market Growth Rate (CAGR 2025 to 2032): 12.8%

Lithium Carbonate Market - Report Scope:

Lithium carbonate is a key component in the production of lithium-ion batteries, which power electric vehicles (EVs), consumer electronics, and renewable energy storage systems. Additionally, it is used in pharmaceuticals, glass, and ceramics. The growing shift toward sustainable energy solutions and the rising demand for EVs are major contributors to market expansion. The lithium carbonate market is driven by technological advancements in battery technology, increasing investments in mining and extraction, and favorable government policies supporting clean energy transitions.

Market Growth Drivers:

The global lithium carbonate market is propelled by the accelerating adoption of electric vehicles, driven by stringent emission regulations and the push for carbon neutrality. The expansion of renewable energy storage solutions, along with advancements in lithium-ion battery efficiency, further fuels market growth. Increased investments in lithium extraction from brine and spodumene sources, along with government subsidies for battery manufacturing, also contribute to market expansion. Additionally, the rising demand for lithium carbonate in the pharmaceutical sector, particularly for the treatment of bipolar disorder, further supports market growth.

Market Restraints:

Despite its strong growth trajectory, the lithium carbonate market faces challenges such as supply chain disruptions, fluctuating lithium prices, and environmental concerns related to lithium extraction. The high cost of lithium extraction and refining, coupled with geopolitical tensions affecting lithium supply, pose challenges to market stability. Additionally, the growing push for alternative battery chemistries, such as sodium-ion batteries, could impact long-term lithium carbonate demand. Addressing these concerns requires strategic investments in sustainable lithium mining practices and battery recycling initiatives.

Market Opportunities:

The lithium carbonate market presents significant growth opportunities driven by advancements in lithium recycling technologies, strategic partnerships in battery production, and increasing research into alternative lithium extraction methods. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation in lithium extraction and processing is expected to enhance production efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Moreover, the expansion of gigafactories dedicated to battery manufacturing, coupled with emerging applications in grid-scale energy storage, offers lucrative opportunities for market players.

Key Questions Answered in the Report:

• What are the primary factors driving the growth of the lithium carbonate market globally?
• How is the increasing demand for electric vehicles shaping lithium carbonate production and supply chains?
• What technological advancements are influencing lithium carbonate extraction and battery manufacturing?
• Who are the key players in the lithium carbonate market, and what strategies are they employing for market expansion?
• What are the emerging trends and future prospects in the global lithium carbonate market?

Competitive Intelligence and Business Strategy:

Leading players in the global lithium carbonate market, including Albemarle Corporation, Sociedad Quimica y Minera (SQM), Tianqi Lithium, and Ganfeng Lithium, are focusing on expanding their lithium extraction capacities, securing long-term supply agreements, and investing in battery recycling technologies. These companies are actively forming strategic partnerships with battery manufacturers and automotive firms to strengthen their market presence. Additionally, investments in sustainable lithium extraction, including direct lithium extraction (DLE) technologies, are gaining traction to address environmental concerns and improve resource efficiency.

Key Companies Profiled:

• Albemarle Corporation
• Sociedad Quimica y Minera (SQM)
• Tianqi Lithium
• Ganfeng Lithium
• Lithium Americas Corp.
• Livent Corporation
• Orocobre Limited
• Pilbara Minerals
• Avalon Advanced Materials Inc.
• Galaxy Resources Limited

Lithium Carbonate Market Segmentation

By Battery

• Lithium-ion Batteries
• Lithium-metal Batteries

By Grade

• Battery Grade
• Technical Grade
• Industrial Grade

By Application

• Electric Vehicles
• Pharmaceuticals
• Cement
• Glass & Ceramics

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• East Asia
• South Asia and Oceania
• Middle East and Africa
• Latin America

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

• 1.1. Global Lithium Carbonate Market Snapshot, 2025 and 2032
• 1.2. Market Opportunity Assessment, 2025-2032, US$ Bn
• 1.3. Key Market Trends
• 1.4. Future Market Projections
• 1.5. Premium Market Insights
• 1.6. Industry Developments and Key Market Events
• 1.7. PMR Analysis and Recommendations

2. Market Overview

• 2.1. Market Scope and Definition
• 2.2. Market Dynamics
  • 2.2.1. Drivers
  • 2.2.2. Restraints
  • 2.2.3. Opportunity
  • 2.2.4. Challenges
  • 2.2.5. Key Trends
• 2.3. Product Lifecycle Analysis
• 2.4. Global Parent Market Overview
• 2.5. Lithium Carbonate Market: Value Chain
  • 2.5.1. List of Raw Grade Supplier
  • 2.5.2. List of Manufacturers
  • 2.5.3. List of Distributors
  • 2.5.4. List of Application s
  • 2.5.5. Profitability Analysis
• 2.6. Forecast Factors - Relevance and Impact
• 2.7. Covid-19 Impact Assessment
• 2.8. PESTLE Analysis
• 2.9. Porter Five Force's Analysis
• 2.10. Geopolitical Tensions: Market Impact
• 2.11. Regulatory and Grade Landscape

3. 3.1. Macro-Economic Factors

• 3.1. Global Sectorial Outlook
• 3.2. Global GDP Growth Outlook
• 3.3. Other Macro-economic Factors

4. Price Trend Analysis, 2019-2032

• 4.1. Key Highlights
• 4.2. Key Factors Impacting Product Prices
• 4.3. Prices By Battery/Grade/Application
• 4.4. Regional Prices and Product Preferences

5. Global Lithium Carbonate Market Outlook: Historical (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2032)

• 5.1. Key Highlights
  • 5.1.1. Market Size and Y-o-Y Growth
  • 5.1.2. Absolute $ Opportunity
• 5.2. Market Size (US$ Bn) Volume (Unit) Analysis and Forecast
  • 5.2.1. Historical Market Size Analysis, 2019-2024
  • 5.2.2. Current Market Size Forecast, 2025-2032
• 5.3. Global Lithium Carbonate Market Outlook: Battery
  • 5.3.1. Introduction / Key Findings
  • 5.3.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis By Battery,2019-2024
  • 5.3.3. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Battery, 2025-2032
    • 5.3.3.1. Lithium-ion Batteries
    • 5.3.3.2. Lithium-metal Batteries
    • 5.3.3.3. Others
• 5.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Battery
• 5.5. Global Lithium Carbonate Market Outlook: Grade
  • 5.5.1. Introduction / Key Findings
  • 5.5.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis By Grade,2019-2024
  • 5.5.3. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Grade, 2025-2032
    • 5.5.3.1. Battery Grade
    • 5.5.3.2. Technical Grade
    • 5.5.3.3. Industrial Grade
• 5.6. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Grade
• 5.7. Global Lithium Carbonate Market Outlook: Application
  • 5.7.1. Introduction / Key Findings
  • 5.7.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis By Application ,2019-2024
  • 5.7.3. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Application , 2025-2032
    • 5.7.3.1. Electric Vehicles
    • 5.7.3.2. Pharmaceutical
    • 5.7.3.3. Cement
    • 5.7.3.4. Glass & Ceramics
    • 5.7.3.5. Others
• 5.8. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Application

6. Global Lithium Carbonate Market Outlook: Region

• 6.1. Key Highlights
• 6.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis By Region,2019-2024
• 6.3. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Region, 2025-2032
  • 6.3.1. North America
  • 6.3.2. Europe
  • 6.3.3. East Asia
  • 6.3.4. South Asia and Oceania
  • 6.3.5. Latin America
  • 6.3.6. Middle East & Africa
• 6.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Region

7. North America Lithium Carbonate Market Outlook: Historical (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2032)

• 7.1. Key Highlights
• 7.2. Pricing Analysis
• 7.3. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis By Market,2019-2024
  • 7.3.1. By Country
  • 7.3.2. By Battery
  • 7.3.3. By Grade
  • 7.3.4. By Application
• 7.4. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Country, 2025-2032
  • 7.4.1. U.S.
  • 7.4.2. Canada
• 7.5. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Battery, 2025-2032
  • 7.5.1. Lithium-ion Batteries
  • 7.5.2. Lithium-metal Batteries
  • 7.5.3. Others
• 7.6. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Grade, 2025-2032
  • 7.6.1. Battery Grade
  • 7.6.2. Technical Grade
  • 7.6.3. Industrial Grade
• 7.7. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Application, 2025-2032
  • 7.7.1. Electric Vehicles
  • 7.7.2. Pharmaceutical
  • 7.7.3. Cement
  • 7.7.4. Glass & Ceramics
  • 7.7.5. Others
• 7.8. Market Attractiveness Analysis

8. Europe Lithium Carbonate Market Outlook: Historical (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2032)

• 8.1. Key Highlights
• 8.2. Pricing Analysis
• 8.3. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis By Market,2019-2024
  • 8.3.1. By Country
  • 8.3.2. By Battery
  • 8.3.3. By Grade
• 8.4. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Country, 2025-2032
  • 8.4.1. Germany
  • 8.4.2. Italy
  • 8.4.3. France
  • 8.4.4. U.K.
  • 8.4.5. Spain
  • 8.4.6. Russia
  • 8.4.7. Rest of Europe
• 8.5. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Battery, 2025-2032
  • 8.5.1. Lithium-ion Batteries
  • 8.5.2. Lithium-metal Batteries
  • 8.5.3. Others
• 8.6. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Grade, 2025-2032
  • 8.6.1. Battery Grade
  • 8.6.2. Technical Grade
  • 8.6.3. Industrial Grade
• 8.7. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Application , 2025-2032
  • 8.7.1. Electric Vehicles
  • 8.7.2. Pharmaceutical
  • 8.7.3. Cement
  • 8.7.4. Glass & Ceramics
  • 8.7.5. Others
• 8.8. Market Attractiveness Analysis

9. East Asia Lithium Carbonate Market Outlook: Historical (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2032)

• 9.1. Key Highlights
• 9.2. Pricing Analysis
• 9.3. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis By Market,2019-2024
  • 9.3.1. By Country
  • 9.3.2. By Battery
  • 9.3.3. By Grade
  • 9.3.4. By Application
• 9.4. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Country, 2025-2032
  • 9.4.1. China
  • 9.4.2. Japan
  • 9.4.3. South Korea
• 9.5. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Battery, 2025-2032
  • 9.5.1. Lithium-ion Batteries
  • 9.5.2. Lithium-metal Batteries
  • 9.5.3. Others
• 9.6. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Grade, 2025-2032
  • 9.6.1. Battery Grade
  • 9.6.2. Technical Grade
  • 9.6.3. Industrial Grade
• 9.7. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Application , 2025-2032
  • 9.7.1. Electric Vehicles
  • 9.7.2. Pharmaceutical
  • 9.7.3. Cement
  • 9.7.4. Glass & Ceramics
  • 9.7.5. Others
• 9.8. Market Attractiveness Analysis

10. South Asia & Oceania Lithium Carbonate Market Outlook: Historical (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2032)

• 10.1. Key Highlights
• 10.2. Pricing Analysis
• 10.3. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis By Market,2019-2024
  • 10.3.1. By Country
  • 10.3.2. By Battery
  • 10.3.3. By Grade
  • 10.3.4. By Application
• 10.4. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Country, 2025-2032
  • 10.4.1. India
  • 10.4.2. Southeast Asia
  • 10.4.3. ANZ
  • 10.4.4. Rest of South Asia & Oceania
• 10.5. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Battery, 2025-2032
  • 10.5.1. Lithium-ion Batteries
  • 10.5.2. Lithium-metal Batteries
  • 10.5.3. Others
• 10.6. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Grade, 2025-2032
  • 10.6.1. Battery Grade
  • 10.6.2. Technical Grade
  • 10.6.3. Industrial Grade
• 10.7. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Application , 2025-2032
  • 10.7.1. Electric Vehicles
  • 10.7.2. Pharmaceutical
  • 10.7.3. Cement
  • 10.7.4. Glass & Ceramics
  • 10.7.5. Others
• 10.8. Market Attractiveness Analysis

11. Latin America Lithium Carbonate Market Outlook: Historical (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2032)

• 11.1. Key Highlights
• 11.2. Pricing Analysis
• 11.3. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis By Market,2019-2024
  • 11.3.1. By Country
  • 11.3.2. By Battery
  • 11.3.3. By Grade
  • 11.3.4. By Application
• 11.4. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Country, 2025-2032
  • 11.4.1. Brazil
  • 11.4.2. Mexico
  • 11.4.3. Rest of Latin America
• 11.5. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Battery, 2025-2032
  • 11.5.1. Lithium-ion Batteries
  • 11.5.2. Lithium-metal Batteries
  • 11.5.3. Others
• 11.6. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Grade, 2025-2032
  • 11.6.1. Battery Grade
  • 11.6.2. Technical Grade
  • 11.6.3. Industrial Grade
• 11.7. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Application , 2025-2032
  • 11.7.1. Electric Vehicles
  • 11.7.2. Pharmaceutical
  • 11.7.3. Cement
  • 11.7.4. Glass & Ceramics
  • 11.7.5. Others
• 11.8. Market Attractiveness Analysis

12. Middle East & Africa Lithium Carbonate Market Outlook: Historical (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2032)

• 12.1. Key Highlights
• 12.2. Pricing Analysis
• 12.3. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis By Market,2019-2024
  • 12.3.1. By Country
  • 12.3.2. By Battery
  • 12.3.3. By Grade
  • 12.3.4. By Application
• 12.4. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Country, 2025-2032
  • 12.4.1. GCC
  • 12.4.2. South Africa
  • 12.4.3. Northern Africa
  • 12.4.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa
• 12.5. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Battery, 2025-2032
  • 12.5.1. Lithium-ion Batteries
  • 12.5.2. Lithium-metal Batteries
  • 12.5.3. Others
• 12.6. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Grade, 2025-2032
  • 12.6.1. Battery Grade
  • 12.6.2. Technical Grade
  • 12.6.3. Industrial Grade
• 12.7. Current Market Size (US$ Bn) Forecast By Application , 2025-2032
  • 12.7.1. Electric Vehicles
  • 12.7.2. Pharmaceutical
  • 12.7.3. Cement
  • 12.7.4. Glass & Ceramics
  • 12.7.5. Others
• 12.8. Market Attractiveness Analysis

13. Competition Landscape

• 13.1. Market Share Analysis, 2025
• 13.2. Market Structure
  • 13.2.1. Competition Intensity Mapping By Market
  • 13.2.2. Competition Dashboard
  • 13.2.3. Apparent Production Capacity
• 13.3. Company Profiles (Details - Overview, Financials, Strategy, Recent Developments)
  • 13.3.1. Albemarle Corp.
    • 13.3.1.1. Overview
    • 13.3.1.2. Segments and Products
    • 13.3.1.3. Key Financials
    • 13.3.1.4. Market Developments
    • 13.3.1.5. Market Strategy
  • 13.3.2. Ganfeng Lithium Co., Ltd.
  • 13.3.3. SQM S.A.
  • 13.3.4. Tianqi Lithium Corporation
  • 13.3.5. Livent Corp.
  • 13.3.6. Lithium Americas Corp.
  • 13.3.7. Pilbara Minerals
  • 13.3.8. Orocobre Limited Pty. Ltd.
  • 13.3.9. Mineral Resources Group Co., Ltd.

14. Note: List of companies is not exhaustive in nature It is subject to further augmentation during the course of research

15. Appendix

• 15.1. Research Methodology
• 15.2. Research Assumptions
• 15.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations