Product Code: PM3326
The Global low-speed electric vehicle (LSEV) market size is expected to reach USD 21.55 billion by 2032, according to a new study by Polaris Market Research. The report "Low-speed electric vehicle (LSEV) Market Share, Size, Trends, Industry Analysis Report, By Product; By Manufacturing Process (Solution Polymerization Process, Slurry/Suspension Process, Gas-phase Polymerization Process); By End-Use (Building & Construction, Wires & Cables, Electrical & Electronics, Lubricant Additive, Plastic Modifications, Automotive, Tires & Tubes, Others); By Region; Segment Forecast, 2023 - 2032" gives a detailed insight into current market dynamics and provides analysis on future market growth.
Global Low-speed electric vehicles (LSEV)s are gaining widespread adoption in the industrial sector and beyond due to their versatile applications and potential to drive innovation and efficiency improvements. From remote monitoring and control, predictive maintenance, and asset tracking to workplace safety, Low-speed electric vehicles (LSEV) offer significant benefits to industries, enabling them to optimize operations, reduce costs, and enhance security.
Low-speed electric vehicles (LSEVs)s in the industrial sector are for remote monitoring and control of equipment and processes. With the ability to collect data from sensors and other devices, Low-speed electric vehicles (LSEV)s can transmit real-time information to cloud-based platforms for analysis and decision-making. This enables industries to optimize operations, reduce downtime, and improve productivity. For example, in manufacturing, Low-speed electric vehicles (LSEV)s can monitor equipment health, track inventory levels, and automate processes to streamline production, resulting in cost savings and improved quality control.
Low-speed electric vehicles (LSEVs)s are also utilized in predictive maintenance, where they collect and analyze data from sensors to detect anomalies or signs of impending failures in industrial equipment. This allows for proactive maintenance scheduling, reducing unplanned downtime and extending the lifespan of assets. Moreover, Low-speed electric vehicles (LSEV)s can trigger alerts or notifications to maintenance personnel when thresholds are breached, enabling timely actions to avoid costly breakdowns.
Another industrial adoption of Low-speed electric vehicles (LSEV)s is asset tracking and inventory management. Industries can gain real-time visibility into their location, condition, and utilization by embedding microcontrollers with sensors and communication capabilities in assets, such as shipping containers, vehicles, or tools. This enhances supply chain management, optimizes inventory levels, and prevents loss or theft of valuable assets.
Low-speed electric vehicles (LSEV)s also play a significant role in enhancing workplace safety. For instance, in hazardous environments, such as oil refineries or chemical plants, microcontrollers can monitor parameters like temperature, pressure, and gas levels to ensure compliance with safety regulations and trigger alarms or shut-off mechanisms in emergencies. This can prevent accidents, protect workers' health, and minimize environmental risks.
Low-speed electric vehicles (LSEV)s have significant potential for adoption in other sectors, such as agriculture, healthcare, transportation, and smart cities. In agriculture, microcontrollers can monitor soil moisture, weather conditions, and crop health, enabling farmers to make data-driven decisions for irrigation and fertilization. In healthcare, microcontrollers can be used in wearable devices for remote patient monitoring, tracking vital signs, and delivering personalized healthcare services. Microcontrollers can optimize fleet management, monitor vehicle performance, and enable connected car services in transportation. In smart cities, microcontrollers can be employed in various applications, including smart lighting, waste management, and environmental monitoring.
Global Low-speed electric vehicle (LSEV) Market Report Highlights
The >15KW segment is expected to witness the fastest growth during forecast period. Neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs), also known as LSEVs, are gaining popularity as a sustainable and economical means of short-distance transportation within communities, campuses, and urban areas.
In the coming years, it is anticipated that there will be a significant increase in the demand for low-speed electric vehicles (LSEVs) in North America. Neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs), or LSEVs, are becoming increasingly popular as environmentally friendly and cost-effective modes of transportation for a variety of purposes. A few development drivers are adding to the rising interest for LSEVs in North America.
The global players include: AGT Electric Cars, Bintelli Electric Vehicles, Bradshaw Electric Vehicles, Polaris Industries, Inc., Speedways Electric, Xiamen Dalle Electric Car Co., Ltd. (HDK electric vehicle), Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd., and Textron Inc. (Textron Specialized Vehicles Inc.)
Polaris Market Research has segmented the Global Low-speed electric vehicle (LSEV) Market report based on Power, Propulsion, Application, and region:
Global Low-speed electric vehicle (LSEV) Market, Power Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2019-2032)
Global Low-speed electric vehicle (LSEV) Market, Propulsion Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2019-2032)
Global Low-speed electric vehicle (LSEV) Market, Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2019-2032)
- Golf Cart
- Public Transport Vehicle
- Personnel Carrier
- Industrial Utility
- Airports
Global Low-speed electric vehicle (LSEV) Market, Regional Outlook (Revenue - USD Billion, 2019-2032)
- North America
- U.S.
- Canada
- Europe
- Germany
- UK
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- Russia
- Netherlands
- Asia Pacific
- China
- India
- Japan
- South Korea
- Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Latin America
- Argentina
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Middle East & Africa
- UAE
- Saudi Arabia
- Israel
- South Africa
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
- 1.1. Report Description
- 1.1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.1.2. Market Scope
- 1.1.3. Assumptions
- 1.2. Stakeholders
2. Executive Summary
3. Research Methodology
- 3.1. Overview
- 3.2. Data Sources
- 3.2.1. Primary Sources
- 3.2.2. Secondary Sources
4. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market Insights
- 4.1. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Propulsion Snapshot
- 4.2. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market Dynamics
- 4.2.1. Drivers and Opportunities
- 4.2.1.1. Stringent government rules and regulations toward vehicle emission
- 4.2.1.2. Improvement in electric vehicles R&D & battery technology
- 4.2.2. Restraints and Challenges
- 4.2.2.1. High cost of electric vehicles
- 4.3. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
- 4.3.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Moderate)
- 4.3.2. Threats of New Entrants: (Low)
- 4.3.3. Bargaining Power of Buyers (Moderate)
- 4.3.4. Threat of Substitute (Moderate)
- 4.3.5. Rivalry among existing firms (High)
- 4.4. PESTEL Analysis
- 4.5. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market Propulsion Trends
- 4.6. Value Chain Analysis
- 4.7. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
5. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power
- 5.1. Key Findings
- 5.2. Introduction
- 5.2.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 5.3. <8KW
- 5.3.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by <8KW, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 5.4. 8-15KW
- 5.4.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by 8-15KW, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 5.5. >15KW
- 5.5.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by >15KW, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
6. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application
- 6.1. Key Findings
- 6.2. Introduction
- 6.2.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 6.3. Golf Cart
- 6.3.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Golf Cart, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 6.4. Public Transport Vehicle
- 6.4.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Public Transport Vehicle, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 6.5. Personnel Carrier
- 6.5.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Personnel Carrier, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 6.6. Industrial Utility
- 6.6.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Industrial Utility, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 6.7. Airports
- 6.7.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Airports, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
7. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion
- 7.1. Key Findings
- 7.2. Introduction
- 7.2.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 7.3. Electric
- 7.3.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Electric, By Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 7.4. Diesel
- 7.4.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Diesel, By Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 7.5. Gasoline
- 7.5.1. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Gasoline, By Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
8. Global Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Geography
- 8.1. Key findings
- 8.2. Introduction
- 8.2.1. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market Assessment, By Geography, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.3. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - North America
- 8.3.1. North America: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.3.2. North America: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.3.3. North America: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.3.4. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - U.S.
- 8.3.4.1. U.S.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.3.4.2. U.S.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.3.4.3. U.S.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.3.5. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Canada
- 8.3.5.1. Canada: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.3.5.2. Canada.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.3.5.3. Canada: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Europe
- 8.4.1. Europe: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.2. Europe.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.3. Europe: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.4. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - UK
- 8.4.4.1. UK: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.4.2. UK.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.4.3. UK: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.5. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - France
- 8.4.5.1. France: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.5.2. France.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.5.3. France: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.6. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Germany
- 8.4.6.1. Germany: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.6.2. Germany.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.6.3. Germany: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.7. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Italy
- 8.4.7.1. Italy: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.7.2. Italy.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.7.3. Italy: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.8. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Spain
- 8.4.8.1. Spain: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.8.2. Spain.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.8.3. Spain: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.9. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Netherlands
- 8.4.9.1. Netherlands: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.9.2. Netherlands.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.9.3. Netherlands: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.10. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Russia
- 8.4.10.1. Russia: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.10.2. Russia.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.10.3. Russia: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Asia Pacific
- 8.5.1. Asia Pacific: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.2. Asia Pacific.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.3. Asia Pacific: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.4. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - China
- 8.5.4.1. China: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.4.2. China.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.4.3. China: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.5. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - India
- 8.5.5.1. India: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.5.2. India.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.5.3. India: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.6. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Malaysia
- 8.5.6.1. Malaysia: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.6.2. Malaysia.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.6.3. Malaysia: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.7. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Japan
- 8.5.7.1. Japan: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.7.2. Japan.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.7.3. Japan: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.8. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Indonesia
- 8.5.8.1. Indonesia: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.8.2. Indonesia.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.8.3. Indonesia: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.9. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - South Korea
- 8.5.9.1. South Korea: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.9.2. South Korea.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.9.3. South Korea: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Middle East & Africa
- 8.6.1. Middle East & Africa: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.2. Middle East & Africa.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.3. Middle East & Africa: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.4. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Saudi Arabia
- 8.6.4.1. Saudi Arabia: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.4.2. Saudi Arabia.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.4.3. Saudi Arabia: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.5. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - UAE
- 8.6.5.1. UAE: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.5.2. UAE.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.5.3. UAE: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.6. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Israel
- 8.6.6.1. Israel: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.6.2. Israel.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.6.3. Israel: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.7. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - South Africa
- 8.6.7.1. South Africa: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.7.2. South Africa.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.7.3. South Africa: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.7. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Latin America
- 8.7.1. Latin America: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.7.2. Latin America.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.7.3. Latin America: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.7.4. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Mexico
- 8.7.4.1. Mexico: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.7.4.2. Mexico.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.7.4.3. Mexico: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.7.5. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Brazil
- 8.7.5.1. Brazil: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.7.5.2. Brazil.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.7.5.3. Brazil: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.7.6. Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market - Argentina
- 8.7.6.1. Argentina: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Power, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.7.6.2. Argentina.: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Propulsion, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
- 8.7.6.3. Argentina: Low-speed Electric Vehicle (LSEV) Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
9. Competitive Landscape
- 9.1. Expansion and Acquisition Analysis
- 9.1.1. Expansion
- 9.1.2. Acquisitions
- 9.2. Partnerships/Collaborations/Agreements/Exhibitions
10. Company Profiles
- 10.1. AGT Electric Cars
- 10.1.1. Company Overview
- 10.1.2. Financial Performance
- 10.1.3. Product Benchmarking
- 10.1.4. Recent Development
- 10.2. Bintelli Electric Vehicles
- 10.2.1. Company Overview
- 10.2.2. Financial Performance
- 10.2.3. Product Benchmarking
- 10.2.4. Recent Development
- 10.3. Bradshaw Electric Vehicles
- 10.3.1. Company Overview
- 10.3.2. Financial Performance
- 10.3.3. Product Benchmarking
- 10.3.4. Recent Development
- 10.4. Polaris Industries, Inc
- 10.4.1. Company Overview
- 10.4.2. Financial Performance
- 10.4.3. Product Benchmarking
- 10.4.4. Recent Development
- 10.5. Speedways Electric
- 10.5.1. Company Overview
- 10.5.2. Financial Performance
- 10.5.3. Product Benchmarking
- 10.5.4. Recent Development
- 10.6. Xiamen Dalle Electric Car Co., Ltd. (HDK electric vehicle)
- 10.6.1. Company Overview
- 10.6.2. Financial Performance
- 10.6.3. Product Benchmarking
- 10.6.4. Recent Development
- 10.7. Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.
- 10.7.1. Company Overview
- 10.7.2. Financial Performance
- 10.7.3. Product Benchmarking
- 10.7.4. Recent Development
- 10.8. Textron Inc. (Textron Specialized Vehicles Inc.)
- 10.8.1. Company Overview
- 10.8.2. Financial Performance
- 10.8.3. Product Benchmarking
- 10.8.4. Recent Development