市場調查報告書
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1569800
2030 年燃料電池市場預測:按產品、來源、應用和地區分類的全球分析Fuel Cell Market Forecasts to 2030 - Global Analysis By Product, Source, Application and By Geography |
根據Stratistics MRC預測,2024年全球燃料電池市場規模將達到97.1億美元,預計2030年將達到517.3億美元,預測期內複合年成長率為32.2%。
燃料電池是一種電化學裝置,透過與氧化劑(通常是空氣中的氧氣)反應,將燃料的化學能直接轉化為電能。與燃燒燃料產生熱量並將熱量轉化為電能的傳統內燃機不同,燃料電池運作效率更高,排放更少。燃料電池有多種應用,從為汽車動力來源動力到為關鍵基礎設施提供備用電源。
根據美國國際能源總署《2021年全球能源評論-分析》,2021年歐盟二氧化碳排放將減少2.4%。自2010年以來,歐盟的年平均改善率約為3%。根據國際能源總署(IEA)預測,截至2022年,流通中的燃料電池汽車將達到15,200輛。
對清潔能源的需求不斷成長
隨著人們對氣候變遷和空氣污染的擔憂不斷增加,人們對減少溫室氣體排放的永續能源解決方案的期望也越來越高。燃料電池透過電化學反應將化學能直接轉化為電能,正成為這項轉變中的關鍵技術。燃料電池因其高效、低排放的發電能力而成為傳統石化燃料的有吸引力的替代品。材料、設計和製造方面的創新正在提高其性能、降低成本並提高其在從運輸到固定發電等各種應用中的可行性。
監管和政策的不確定性
監管和政策的不確定性極大地阻礙了燃料電池技術的進步和採用。燃料電池提供清潔且有效率的能源解決方案,但面臨不同地區法規和不一致政策的挑戰。政府和監管機構往往有不同的標準和獎勵,分散的格局使投資和開發變得複雜。例如,補貼的轉變或排放標準的變化可能會擾亂燃料電池製造商和投資者的長期計畫。缺乏統一的法律規範還會阻礙燃料電池基礎設施的部署,例如廣泛採用所需的加油站。這些不確定性削弱了相關人員的信心並減緩了燃料電池技術的商業化。
基礎建設發展
對氫氣生產、儲存和分配基礎設施的投資對於燃料電池的廣泛使用至關重要,燃料電池使用氫氣作為清潔能源來源。加氫站和管道將使氫能隨時用於燃料電池汽車和其他應用。此外,電解和蒸汽甲烷改性等生產技術的進步提高了氫氣生產效率並降低了成本。基礎設施還透過提供創新所需的資源和設施來支持研究和開發。隨著基礎設施的擴大和整合度的提高,採用燃料電池技術的障礙將會降低,使其成為傳統能源來源更可行、更有吸引力的替代品。
使用氫氣作為燃料時的儲存問題
氫燃料電池面臨巨大的儲存挑戰,阻礙了其廣泛採用。氫是最輕、最小的分子,因此有效儲存需要高壓罐和低溫,從而增加了成本和複雜性。氫氣在常溫下的密度非常低,因此要將其儲存在實際體積中,必須將其壓縮至高壓(高達 700 bar)或冷卻至低溫(-253°C)。高壓儲槽價格昂貴,需要能夠承受極端壓力的堅固材料,而低溫儲存則需要能源集中冷凍過程。
COVID-19 大流行對燃料電池行業產生了重大影響,擾亂了供應鏈和需求。停工和社交疏離措施推遲了生產並減少了產能,因為許多工廠和生產線暫時關閉或效率降低。疫情引發的景氣衰退減少了對包括燃料電池在內的新技術的投資,因為公司和政府將當前的醫療保健和經濟復甦置於長期能源計劃之上。但這場危機也加速了人們對包括燃料電池在內的綠色技術的興趣,因為世界的焦點轉向了永續復甦和減少碳排放。
預計磷酸燃料電池產業在預測期內將是最大的。
預計磷酸燃料電池領域在預測期內將是最大的。 PAFC 使用磷酸作為電解質,並在相對較高的溫度(150-200°C)下運作。這種高溫提高了氫燃料對雜質的抵抗力,與低溫燃料電池相比,發電效率更高。最近的趨勢集中在透過改進材料和催化劑來提高 PAFC 的耐用性和性能,從而延長電池壽命並降低營業成本。此外,透過最佳化溫度控管系統和利用汽電共生產生的廢熱,進一步提高整體能源效率的研究正在進行中。
預計可攜式電源領域在預測期內的複合年成長率最高。
預計可攜式電源領域在預測期內的複合年成長率最高。該領域的進步集中在提高燃料電池的功率密度、壽命和整體性能。透過改進催化劑和最佳化燃料處理,研究人員可以提高這些電池的能量輸出和效率,使它們更適合可攜式應用。更輕的材料和更小的組件等創新也有助於開發更小、更便攜的燃料電池,這些電池可以為從智慧型手機到醫療設備設備提供動力。
在整個預測期內,亞太地區佔據最大的市場佔有率。日本、韓國和中國等國家走在了前列,提供了各種財政獎勵,例如補貼、稅收減免和研究津貼,以刺激創新和部署。這些政府也大力投資加氫站等基礎設施,這對於燃料電池汽車的廣泛採用至關重要。旨在減少溫室氣體排放和提高能源安全的政策正在進一步推動向清潔燃料電池的轉變,以取代傳統的石化燃料。
預計在預測期內,亞太地區燃料電池市場將出現盈利成長。政府、企業和研究機構之間的合作正在推動燃料電池技術的進步,提高效率並降低成本。公共和私營部門的策略性投資正在推動尖端基礎設施和製造能力的發展。例如,合資企業和融資計劃正在支援擴大生產規模以及將燃料電池整合到從運輸到固定發電的各種應用中。這種合作方式不僅支持區域經濟成長,也使亞太地區成為清潔能源解決方案的全球領導者。
According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Fuel Cell Market is accounted for $9.71 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach $51.73 billion by 2030 growing at a CAGR of 32.2% during the forecast period. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel directly into electrical energy through a reaction with an oxidant, typically oxygen from the air. Unlike traditional combustion engines, which burn fuel to create heat and then convert that heat into electricity, fuel cells operate more efficiently and with fewer emissions. They are used in various applications, from powering vehicles to providing backup power for critical infrastructure.
According to the Global Energy Review, 2021 - Analysis by the U.S. International Energy Agency, CO2 emissions in the European Union (EU) were analyzed to be 2.4% lower in 2021. The European Union has averaged an annual improvement rate of around 3% since 2010. According to International Energy Agency (IEA), as of 2022, 15.2 thousand of total fuel cell vehicle was in circulation.
Growing demand for clean energy
As concerns about climate change and air pollution mount, there is a growing push towards sustainable energy solutions that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Fuel cells, which convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, are emerging as a key technology in this transition. Their ability to generate power with high efficiency and low emissions makes them an attractive alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Innovations in materials, design, and manufacturing are enhancing their performance, reducing costs, and improving their viability for various applications, from transportation to stationary power generation.
Regulatory and policy uncertainty
Regulatory and policy uncertainty significantly hampers the advancement and adoption of fuel cell technology. Fuel cells, which offer a clean and efficient energy solution, face challenges due to fluctuating regulations and inconsistent policies across different regions. Governments and regulatory bodies often have varying standards and incentives, creating a fragmented landscape that complicates investment and development. For instance, shifting subsidies or changes in emission standards can disrupt long-term planning for fuel cell manufacturers and investors. The lack of a unified regulatory framework can hinder the deployment of fuel cell infrastructure, such as refueling stations, necessary for widespread adoption. This uncertainty undermines confidence among stakeholders and delays the commercialization of fuel cell technologies.
Infrastructure development
Investment in hydrogen production, storage, and distribution infrastructure is essential for the widespread use of fuel cells, which rely on hydrogen as a clean energy source. Developing refueling stations and pipelines ensures that hydrogen can be readily available for fuel cell vehicles and other applications. Additionally, advancements in production technology, such as electrolysis and steam methane reforming, improve hydrogen generation efficiency and reduce costs. Infrastructure improvements also support research and development by providing the necessary resources and facilities for innovation. As infrastructure expands and becomes more integrated, it reduces the barriers to fuel cell technology adoption, making it a more viable and attractive alternative to conventional energy sources.
Storage issues associated with using hydrogen as fuel
Hydrogen fuel cells face significant storage challenges that impede their widespread adoption. Hydrogen, being the lightest and smallest molecule, requires high-pressure tanks or cryogenic temperatures for effective storage, which can be costly and complex. At room temperature, hydrogen has a very low density, meaning that storing it in a practical volume necessitates either compressing it to high pressures (up to 700 bar) or cooling it to cryogenic temperatures (-253°C). High-pressure tanks are expensive and require robust materials to withstand the extreme pressures, while cryogenic storage involves energy-intensive refrigeration processes.
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the fuel cell industry, disrupting both supply chains and demand. Lockdowns and social distancing measures led to delays in manufacturing and reduced production capacities, as many factories and production lines were temporarily halted or operated at reduced efficiency. The pandemic-induced economic downturn diminished investments in new technologies, including fuel cells, as companies and governments prioritized immediate healthcare and economic recovery over long-term energy projects. However, the crisis also accelerated interest in green technologies, including fuel cells, as the global focus shifted towards sustainable recovery and reducing carbon emissions.
The Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period. PAFCs use phosphoric acid as the electrolyte, which operates at relatively high temperatures (150-200°C). This high temperature allows for better tolerance of impurities in the hydrogen fuel and provides a higher efficiency in electricity generation compared to lower temperature fuel cells. Recent developments focus on enhancing the durability and performance of PAFCs through improved materials and catalysts, which extend the cell's lifespan and reduce operational costs. Additionally, there is ongoing research to optimize the thermal management systems to better harness the waste heat produced, which can be used for cogeneration applications, further improving overall energy efficiency.
The Portable Power segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period
Portable Power segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period. Advances in this field focus on improving the fuel cell's power density, lifespan, and overall performance. By refining catalysts and optimizing fuel processing, researchers are able to increase the energy output and efficiency of these cells, making them more suitable for portable applications. Innovations such as lightweight materials and miniaturized components are also contributing to the development of smaller, more portable fuel cells that can power devices ranging from smartphones to medical equipment.
Asia Pacific region dominated the largest share of the market throughout the projection period. Nations like Japan, South Korea, and China are at the forefront, offering a range of financial incentives such as subsidies, tax breaks and research grants to stimulate innovation and deployment. These governments are also investing heavily in infrastructure, such as hydrogen refueling stations, which are critical for the widespread adoption of fuel cell vehicles. Policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy security further support the transition to fuel cells, which offer a cleaner alternative to traditional fossil fuels.
Asia Pacific region is poised to witness profitable growth in the fuel cell market over the extrapolated period. Collaborative efforts between governments, corporations, and research institutions are driving advancements in fuel cell technology, improving efficiency and reducing costs. Strategic investments from both public and private sectors are facilitating the development of cutting-edge infrastructure and manufacturing capabilities. For instance, joint ventures and funding initiatives are helping to scale up production and integrate fuel cells into various applications, from transportation to stationary power generation. This collaborative approach not only boosts regional economic growth but also positions Asia Pacific as a global leader in clean energy solutions.
Key players in the market
Some of the key players in Fuel Cell market include Ballard Power Systems Inc, Ceres Power Holdings PLC, Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies, Hydrogenics Corporation, Intelligent Energy Limited, Kyocera Corporation, Nedstack Fuel Cell Technology B.V, Nuvera Fuel Cells LLC and SFC Energy AG.
In December 2023, General Motors and Komatsu announced to develop a hydrogen fuel cell power module for the Japanese construction machinery maker's 930E electric drive mining truck.
In November 2023, Honda in association with General Motors displayed a prototype of its next-generation hydrogen fuel cell system at European Hydrogen Week in Brussels. The company is planning to expand its portfolio in fuel cell technology.
In February 2023, SFC Energy AG, a hydrogen and methanol fuel cell supplier, and FC TecNrgy Pvt Ltd signed a strategic cooperation agreement to establish a manufacturing facility for hydrogen and methanol fuel cells in India.
In January 2023, Advent Technologies collaborated with Alfa laval to explore the application of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells in marine applications.
In June 2022, Doosan Fuel Cell Co., Ltd. signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Korea Southern Power along with Samsung C&T and the Korea Institute of Energy Research. The MOU encompasses cooperation in the development of fuel cell-coupled CCU technologies and ammonia fuel cell demonstration projects.
In March 2022, Ceres and HORIBA MIRA partnered to accelerate hydrogen and fuel cell technology development and commercialization. The collaboration will leverage Ceres' expertise in fuel cell design and manufacturing and HORIBA MIRA's testing capabilities to accelerate the adoption of these technologies in various industries.