市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1569820
2030 年石墨電極市場預測:按電極等級、電極尺寸、金屬類型、應用、最終用戶和地區進行的全球分析Graphite Electrode Market Forecasts to 2030 - Global Analysis By Electrode Grade (Ultra High Power, High Power and Regular Power ), Electrode Size (Small Diameter and Large Diameter ), Metal Type, Application, End User and By Geography |
根據Stratistics MRC的數據,2024年全球石墨電極市場規模為162億美元,預計在預測期內將以5.3%的複合年成長率成長,到2030年達到222億美元。
石墨電極是由優質石油焦和煤焦油瀝青製成的圓柱形零件,主要用於鋼鐵生產和其他金屬冶煉過程的電弧爐。這些電極導電,產生電弧,產生高熱來熔化和提煉金屬。石墨電極具有高導電性、耐熱性和低雜質的特點,有各種等級(UHP、HP、RP)和尺寸可供選擇。石墨電極在鋼鐵工業中發揮重要作用,也用於鑄造、矽生產和電極塗層等非鋼應用。
根據世界鋼鐵協會統計,2020年電爐鋼產量佔全球粗鋼產量的26.3%,而這一佔有率預計還會成長。
鋼鐵產量增加
全球鋼鐵產量的增加是石墨電極市場的主要促進因素。根據世界鋼鐵協會統計,2021年全球粗鋼產量達19.505億噸,較2020年成長3.7%。石墨電極是鋼鐵生產中使用的電弧爐(EAF)的重要組成部分,特別是在廢鋼回收中。由於石墨電極的靈活性和對環境影響較小,向電弧爐煉鋼的轉變將進一步推動對石墨電極的需求。隨著新興經濟體繼續投資基礎設施,對鋼鐵以及石墨電極的需求預計將成長。
製造成本高
石墨電極的製造過程是能源集中的,需要高品質的原料,特別是針狀焦。原物料價格和能源成本的波動對製造成本有重大影響。近年來,針狀焦價格波動較大,影響了石墨電極製造商的盈利。此外,石墨電極的生產專業化,需要大量的設備和技術資金投入。這些高成本可能會限制新參與企業的市場進入,並可能導致最終用戶的價格上漲,從而影響市場成長。
電動車的擴張
石墨是電動車中使用的鋰離子電池的關鍵成分。隨著電動車產量的擴大,對優質石墨的需求預計將激增。根據國際能源總署 (IEA) 的數據,2021 年全球電動車銷量將加倍,達到 660 萬輛。這一趨勢預計將鼓勵對石墨生產和加工技術的投資。儘管電極中使用的合成石墨與電池石墨不同,但擁有石墨生產專業知識的製造商處於有利位置,可以多元化進入這個不斷成長的市場,從而有可能創造新的收益來源。
替代材料的開發
對碳化矽和先進碳複合材料等新型電極材料的研究旨在提高鋼鐵生產的性能並降低成本。一些替代材料可能具有更長的使用壽命或更好的導電性。用於鐵生產的基於氫的直接還原製程作為一種低碳替代方案正在受到關注。此外,煉鋼技術的進步減少或消除了對石墨電極的需求也可能影響市場需求。
由於鋼鐵產量減少和供應鏈中斷,COVID-19 大流行最初擾亂了石墨電極市場。然而,隨著經濟復甦,鋼鐵需求回升,特別是在中國,帶動石墨電極的消費。疫情加速了煉鋼向電弧爐的轉變,石墨電極市場受益。長期影響包括更關注供應鏈的彈性和產能替代的潛力。
鋼鐵業預計將在預測期內成為最大的行業
預計在預測期內,鋼鐵業將佔據石墨電極市場的最大市場佔有率。這項優點歸功於石墨電極在鋼鐵生產的電弧爐 (EAF) 中的廣泛使用。電弧爐因其靈活性、效率和回收廢鋼的能力而越來越受到青睞,從而實現永續性目標。鋼鐵業正在向電爐煉鋼轉型,特別是在新興經濟體,加上建築和基礎設施計劃對鋼鐵的需求不斷增加,正在鞏固鋼鐵業的市場領導地位。
高功率(UHP) 領域預計在預測期內複合年成長率最高
預計在預測期內,高功率(UHP)領域將在石墨電極市場中呈現最高成長率。 UHP電極專為大容量電弧爐設計,在載流能力和耐熱性方面表現出優異的性能。這些電極對於需要更高功率輸入的現代化高效煉鋼製程至關重要。鋼鐵業擴大尋求更大、更有效率的電弧爐,從而增加了對超高壓電極的需求。隨著鋼鐵生產不斷發展為更先進、更有效率的方法,超高壓領域有望顯著成長。
預計在預測期內,亞太地區將佔據石墨電極市場的最大市場佔有率。這項優勢主要得益於強大的鋼鐵工業,尤其是中國和印度等國家。根據世界鋼鐵協會統計,2021年亞洲粗鋼產量為13.749億噸,佔全球產量的70.5%。該地區快速的工業化、都市化和基礎設施發展正在推動對鋼鐵的巨大需求,從而帶動石墨電極的消費。此外,領先石墨電極製造商的出現以及中國等國家向電弧爐煉鋼的轉變,進一步鞏固了亞太地區石墨電極行業的市場領導地位。
在預測期內,亞太地區石墨電極市場預計將以最高的複合年成長率成長。這種快速成長是由新興經濟體工業化程度提高、鋼鐵產能增加以及政府促進基礎設施發展的努力所推動的。印度和東南亞國家等國家正在擴大鋼鐵產能,而電弧爐技術因其靈活性和低環境影響而往往受到青睞。該地區對減少鋼鐵業碳排放的關注可能會加速電弧爐技術的採用,從而推動對石墨電極的需求。此外,汽車、建築和可再生能源基礎設施等產業的投資也促進了鋼鐵需求的增加,進一步加速了亞太地區石墨電極市場的成長。
According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Graphite Electrode Market is accounted for $16.2 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach $22.2 billion by 2030 growing at a CAGR of 5.3% during the forecast period. A graphite electrode is a cylindrical component made from high-quality petroleum coke and coal tar pitch, used primarily in electric arc furnaces for steel production and other metal smelting processes. These electrodes conduct electricity to create an electric arc, generating intense heat for melting and refining metals. Characterized by their high electrical conductivity, thermal resistance, and low impurity content, graphite electrodes are available in various grades (UHP, HP, RP) and sizes. They play a crucial role in the steel industry and are also used in non-steel applications like foundries, silicon production, and electrode coating.
According to the World Steel Association, EAF-based steel production accounted for 26.3% of global crude steel output in 2020, and this share is expected to grow.
Growing steel production
The increasing global steel production is a primary driver for the graphite electrode market. According to the World Steel Association, global crude steel production reached 1,950.5 million tonnes in 2021, a 3.7% increase from 2020. Graphite electrodes are essential components in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) used in steel production, particularly for recycling scrap steel. The shift towards EAF-based steelmaking, driven by its flexibility and lower environmental impact, further boosts demand for graphite electrodes. As emerging economies continue to invest in infrastructure development, the demand for steel and consequently graphite electrodes is expected to grow.
High production costs
The manufacturing process of graphite electrodes is energy-intensive and requires high-quality raw materials, particularly needle coke. Fluctuations in raw material prices and energy costs can significantly impact production expenses. Needle coke prices have been volatile in recent years, affecting graphite electrode manufacturers' profitability. Additionally, the specialized nature of graphite electrode production requires substantial capital investment in equipment and technology. These high costs can limit market entry for new players and potentially lead to higher prices for end-users, affecting market growth.
Expansion in electric vehicles
Graphite is a crucial component in lithium-ion batteries used in EVs. As EV production scales up, the demand for high-quality graphite is expected to surge. According to the International Energy Agency, global EV sales doubled in 2021 to 6.6 million units. This trend is likely to drive investments in graphite production and processing technologies. While synthetic graphite used in electrodes differs from battery-grade graphite, manufacturers with expertise in graphite production are well-positioned to diversify into this growing market, potentially creating new revenue streams.
Development of alternative materials
Research into new electrode materials, such as silicon carbide or advanced carbon composites, aims to improve performance and reduce costs in steel production. Some alternatives may offer benefits like a longer lifespan or better electrical conductivity. Hydrogen-based direct reduction processes for iron production are gaining attention as a low-carbon alternative. Additionally, advancements in steelmaking technologies that reduce or eliminate the need for graphite electrodes could impact market demand.
The COVID-19 pandemic initially disrupted the graphite electrode market due to reduced steel production and supply chain interruptions. However, as economies recovered, steel demand rebounded, particularly in China, driving graphite electrode consumption. The pandemic accelerated the shift towards electric arc furnaces in steelmaking, benefiting the graphite electrode market. Long-term impacts include increased focus on supply chain resilience and potential reshoring of production capacities.
The steel segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period
The steel segment is projected to account for the largest market share during the projection period in the graphite electrode market. This dominance is attributed to the widespread use of graphite electrodes in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) for steel production. EAFs are increasingly preferred for their flexibility, efficiency, and ability to recycle scrap steel, aligning with sustainability goals. The steel industry's ongoing shift towards EAFs, particularly in emerging economies, coupled with the increasing demand for steel in construction and infrastructure projects, solidifies the steel segment's market leadership in the market.
The ultra high power (UHP) segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period
Over the forecast period, the ultra high power (UHP) segment is predicted to witness the highest growth rate in the graphite electrode market. UHP electrodes are designed for high-capacity electric arc furnaces, offering superior performance in terms of current-carrying capacity and thermal resistance. These electrodes are crucial for modern, high-efficiency steelmaking processes that require higher power inputs. The growing trend towards larger and more efficient EAFs in the steel industry drives the demand for UHP electrodes. As steel production continues to evolve towards more advanced and efficient methods, the UHP segment is poised for substantial growth.
The Asia Pacific region is projected to account for the largest market share during the forecast period in the graphite electrode market. This dominance is primarily due to the region's robust steel industry, particularly in countries like China and India. According to the World Steel Association, Asia produced 1,374.9 million tonnes of crude steel in 2021, accounting for 70.5% of global production. The region's rapid industrialization, urbanization, and infrastructure development drive substantial demand for steel, consequently boosting graphite electrode consumption. Additionally, the presence of major graphite electrode manufacturers and the shift towards EAF-based steelmaking in countries like China further solidify Asia Pacific's market leadership in the graphite electrode industry.
During the projection period, the Asia Pacific segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR in the graphite electrode market. This rapid growth is fueled by the ongoing industrialization in emerging economies, increasing steel production capacities, and government initiatives promoting infrastructure development. Countries like India and Southeast Asian nations are expanding their steel production capabilities, often favoring EAF technology for its flexibility and lower environmental impact. The region's focus on reducing carbon emissions in the steel industry is likely to accelerate the adoption of EAF technology, driving demand for graphite electrodes. Furthermore, investments in sectors like automotive, construction, and renewable energy infrastructure contribute to the growing steel demand, further accelerating the graphite electrode market growth in Asia Pacific.
Key players in the market
Some of the key players in Graphite Electrode market Include GrafTech International, Showa Denko K.K., Graphite India Limited, HEG Limited, Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd., SEC Carbon Limited, SANGRAF International, Fangda Carbon New Material Co., Ltd, EPM Group, Zhongze Group, Kaifeng Carbon Co., Ltd., Nantong Yangzi Carbon Co., Ltd., Jilin Carbon Co., Ltd., UKRGRAFIT, Qingdao Tennry Carbon Co., Ltd. and RongXing Group.
In October 2023, Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd. partnered with TMS International to become the exclusive distributor of graphite electrodes in North America beginning January 1, 2024.
In August 2023, HEG Limited announced plans to expand its graphite electrode production capacity from 80,000 to 100,000 tons. The company hoped to begin commercial production of graphite electrodes at the new expansion location in early 2023.
In January 2023, Showa Denko K.K. and Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd. merged and transformed themselves into newly integrated company "Resonac". Resonac Group positions the launch of the newly integrated company as "the second inauguration," aiming to become a world-leading chemical company with advanced functional materials through further transformation efforts.
Note: Tables for North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.