市場調查報告書
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到 2030 年 P2G(電轉氣)市場預測:按技術、應用、最終用戶和地區進行的全球分析Power-to-Gas Market Forecasts to 2030 - Global Analysis By Technology, Application, End User and By Geography |
根據Stratistics MRC預測,2024年全球P2G(電轉氣)市場規模將達到397.5億美元,預計2030年將達到900.5億美元,預測期內複合年成長率為14.6%。
P2G(電轉氣)是一項創新技術,可將剩餘電能(主要來自風能和太陽能等再生能源來源)轉化為氫氣和甲烷等氣體燃料。該過程透過儲存多餘的電力以供以後使用來解決可再生能源發電的間歇性問題。 PtG 使用電力電解水,將其分解為氫氣和氧氣。氫氣可以儲存或與二氧化碳(從大氣或工業來源中回收)一起進一步加工,以在稱為甲烷化的過程中產生合成甲烷。這種合成氣可以注入現有的天然氣管網,用於燃料電池,或用於空間加熱。
根據國際能源總署 (IEA) 的數據,電解堆佔資本投資的 50-60%。其餘 40-50% 是工廠、電力電子和氣體調節零件。
人們對氣候變遷的認知不斷增強
人們對氣候變遷的認知不斷提高,極大地推動了 P2G(電轉氣)技術的發展,該技術將剩餘的可再生能源轉化為氫氣和合成天然氣。隨著各國努力減少溫室氣體排放,P2G 提供了一個可行的解決方案來利用風能和太陽能的剩餘電力。該過程不僅解決了可再生能源的間歇性問題,而且還描述了一種有效儲存和運輸能源的方法。此外,透過生產氫氣,P2G 可以實現傳統上依賴石化燃料的各個領域的脫碳,例如運輸和工業流程。
整合挑戰
電轉氣(P2G)技術將剩餘的可再生能源轉化為氫氣和合成天然氣,但面臨阻礙其廣泛採用的重大整合挑戰。關鍵問題之一是氫氣生產不穩定,因為風能和太陽能等可再生能源是間歇性的。現有的能源基礎設施,包括管道和倉儲設施,通常沒有針對氫氣運輸和儲存進行最佳化,並且需要昂貴的升級。由於缺乏支持 P2G 系統的法律規範或市場結構,相關人員無法確定投資收益,從而使整合更加複雜。
氫經濟國家發展
氫經濟正在極大地推動 P2G(電轉氣)技術。 P2G是一種透過電解將剩餘電力(通常由風能和太陽能等再生能源來源產生)轉化為氫氣的技術。這個過程實現了可再生能源的儲存和運輸,並有效解決了與可再生能源發電相關的間歇性問題。透過生產氫氣,P2G 可以促進可再生能源併入能源網,並為交通、暖氣和工業流程等各種應用提供清潔的替代燃料。此外,氫氣可以轉化回電力或用於燃料電池,從而提高能源效率並減少溫室氣體排放。
P2G技術初期投資
電轉氣(P2G)技術將多餘的可再生能源轉化為氫氣或甲烷,並將其儲存起來以供以後使用,但由於初始投資成本高昂,該技術面臨重大障礙。 P2G 系統所需的基礎設施(例如電解槽、倉儲設施以及與現有天然氣網路的整合)需要大量資本支出。這種財務障礙讓投資者和公用事業公司望而卻步,尤其是在廉價能源解決方案普遍存在的市場上。 P2G計劃的投資回收期較長,因此其吸引力不如傳統能源投資。 P2G 具有增強能源安全和支持脫碳努力的潛力,但前期成本存在經濟不確定性,並且需要政府獎勵和政策支持來促進發展。
COVID-19 大流行對電力轉天然氣 (PtG) 產業產生了重大影響,凸顯了能源格局中的脆弱性和機會。最初,關門和工業活動減少導致能源需求下降,擾亂了依賴穩定電力供應的鉑金天然氣計劃的營運穩定性。供應鏈中斷也影響了電解槽和其他對氫氣生產至關重要的技術關鍵部件的供應。然而,這場危機也加速了人們對永續能源解決方案的興趣,因為政府和工業界都在尋求增強對未來破壞的抵禦能力。
在預測期內,電解部門預計將成為最大的部門
預計電解業務在預測期內將佔據最大佔有率。電解利用電力將水分子分解成氫氣和氧氣,產生氫氣。這在整合風能和太陽能等可再生能源時尤其有利。 P2G透過將多餘的電力轉化為氫氣,平衡供需,確保能源系統更加穩定。產生的氫氣可以直接用作燃料,注入天然氣網路,或透過進一步的化學過程轉化為合成甲烷。這不僅有利於能源儲存,還有助於天然氣供應和運輸部門的脫碳,促進更永續和有彈性的能源未來。
鋼鐵業預計在預測期內複合年成長率最高
鋼鐵業預計將在預測期內快速成長,因為它是減少碳排放和提高能源效率的永續解決方案。鉑族碳氫化合物發電透過電解將剩餘的可再生能源發電(通常是風能或太陽能)轉化為氫氣。這種氫氣可用於鋼鐵生產,以取代依賴焦炭的傳統碳集中方法。透過採用 PtG,鋼鐵製造商可以顯著減少碳排放,因為氫成為石化燃料的更清潔替代品。此外,PtG 的靈活性使其能夠儲存剩餘的可再生能源並解決能源供應的間歇性問題。隨著全球對綠色鋼鐵的需求增加,鉑族金屬的整合不僅滿足環境法規和企業永續性目標,也使鋼鐵公司能夠在快速發展的市場中保持競爭力。
預計北美地區將在整個預測期內保持最大的市場佔有率。與碳市場的整合將透過提供金融機制來支援綠氫技術的開發和部署,從而顯著加強北美的電力轉天然氣(P2G)產業。透過將這些系統與碳市場連結起來,開發商可以將減少溫室氣體排放的碳權額收益,從而創造引人注目的經濟獎勵。這種整合將加速可再生能源計劃和基礎設施的投資,降低成本並提高氫氣生產的可擴展性。
歐洲在預測期內的複合年成長率最高。透過建立明確的框架和獎勵,該法規將鼓勵對鉑族技術的投資,將剩餘的再生能源轉化為氫氣和合成天然氣。這個過程不僅有助於能源儲存和電網平衡,而且還促進包括運輸和供暖在內的各個部門的脫碳。 《綠色交易》和《Fit for 55》等歐洲政策旨在減少溫室氣體排放並促進氫氣作為主要能源載體。
According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Power-to-Gas Market is accounted for $39.75 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach $90.05 billion by 2030 growing at a CAGR of 14.6% during the forecast period. Power-to-Gas (PtG) is an innovative technology that converts surplus electrical energy, primarily from renewable sources like wind and solar, into gaseous fuels, typically hydrogen or methane. This process addresses the intermittency of renewable energy generation by storing excess power for later use. In PtG, electricity is used to electrolyze water, splitting it into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen can be stored or further processed with carbon dioxide (captured from the atmosphere or industrial sources) to produce synthetic methane through a process called methanation. This synthetic gas can be injected into existing natural gas grids, utilized in fuel cells, or used for heating.
According to the International Energy Agency, electrolyze stacks represent between 50 and 60 percent of the capital investment. The remaining 40 to 50 percent of the investment is made up of components for the plant, power electronics, and gas conditioning.
Increasing awareness of climate change
The increasing awareness of climate change is significantly boosting the Power-to-Gas (P2G) technology, which converts excess renewable energy into hydrogen or synthetic natural gas. As nations strive to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, P2G offers a viable solution to harness surplus electricity generated from wind and solar power. This process not only addresses the intermittency of renewable energy but also provides a means to store and transport energy efficiently. Furthermore, by producing hydrogen, P2G enables the decarbonization of various sectors, including transportation and industrial processes, which are traditionally reliant on fossil fuels.
Integration challenges
Power-to-Gas (P2G) technology, which converts surplus renewable energy into hydrogen or synthetic natural gas, faces significant integration challenges that hinder its widespread adoption. One primary issue is the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources like wind and solar, which can lead to inconsistent hydrogen production. Existing energy infrastructure, including pipelines and storage facilities, is often not optimized for hydrogen transport and storage, requiring costly upgrades. The lack of regulatory frameworks and market structures that support P2G systems further complicates integration, as stakeholders may be unsure about investment returns.
Hydrogen economy development
The hydrogen economy is significantly advancing the Power-to-Gas (P2G) technology, which converts excess electricity-often generated from renewable sources like wind and solar-into hydrogen through electrolysis. This process allows for the storage and transportation of renewable energy, effectively addressing the intermittency issues associated with renewable power generation. By producing hydrogen, P2G can facilitate the integration of renewables into the energy grid, providing a clean fuel alternative for various applications, including transportation, heating, and industrial processes. Moreover, hydrogen can be converted back into electricity or utilized in fuel cells, enhancing energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Initial investment for P2G technology
Power-to-Gas (P2G) technology, which converts excess renewable energy into hydrogen or methane for storage and later use, faces significant hurdles due to high initial investment costs. The infrastructure required for P2G systems-such as electrolysis units, gas storage facilities, and integration with existing gas networks-demands substantial capital outlay. This financial barrier discourages investors and utilities, particularly in a market where cheaper energy solutions are prevalent. The long payback periods associated with P2G projects make them less attractive compared to traditional energy investments. While P2G has the potential to enhance energy security and support decarbonization efforts, its adoption is stymied by the economic uncertainties surrounding initial costs and the need for government incentives or policy support to foster development.
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the Power-to-Gas (PtG) sector, highlighting both vulnerabilities and opportunities within the energy landscape. Initially, lockdowns and reduced industrial activity led to a decline in energy demand, disrupting the operational stability of PtG projects that rely on consistent electricity supply. Supply chain interruptions affected the availability of critical components for electrolyzers and other technologies essential for hydrogen production. However, the crisis also accelerated interest in sustainable energy solutions, as governments and industries sought to bolster resilience against future disruptions.
The Electrolysis segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period
Electrolysis segment is expected to dominate the largest share over the estimated period. During electrolysis, electricity is used to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen, generating hydrogen that can be stored or utilized as an energy carrier. This is particularly beneficial in integrating renewable energy sources like wind and solar, which often produce more energy than the grid can handle. By converting excess electricity into hydrogen, P2G helps balance supply and demand, ensuring a more stable energy system. The hydrogen produced can be used directly as a fuel, injected into natural gas networks, or converted into synthetic methane through further chemical processes. This not only facilitates energy storage but also contributes to decarbonizing the gas supply and transportation sectors, thus promoting a more sustainable and resilient energy future.
The Steel Industry segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period
Steel Industry segment is estimated to grow at a rapid pace during the forecast period as a sustainable solution to reduce carbon emissions and enhance energy efficiency. PtG involves converting surplus renewable energy, often generated from wind or solar sources, into hydrogen through electrolysis. This hydrogen can then be used in steel production, replacing traditional carbon-intensive methods that rely on coke. By integrating PtG, steelmakers can significantly lower their carbon footprint, as hydrogen serves as a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels. Additionally, the flexibility of PtG allows for the storage of excess renewable energy, addressing intermittency issues in energy supply. As global demand for green steel rises, the integration of PtG not only aligns with environmental regulations and corporate sustainability goals but also positions steel companies to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving market.
North America region is poised to hold the largest share of the market throughout the extrapolated period. Integration with carbon markets is substantially enhancing the Power-to-Gas (P2G) sector in North America by providing a financial mechanism to support the development and deployment of green hydrogen technologies. By linking these systems to carbon markets, developers can monetize carbon credits for the greenhouse gas emissions they mitigate, creating a compelling economic incentive. This integration encourages investment in renewable energy projects and infrastructure, driving down costs and increasing the scalability of hydrogen production.
Europe region is estimated to witness the highest CAGR during the projected time frame. By establishing clear frameworks and incentives, regulations promote investment in PtG technologies, which convert excess renewable electricity into hydrogen or synthetic natural gas. This process not only aids in energy storage and balancing the grid but also facilitates the decarbonization of various sectors, including transportation and heating. European policies, such as the Green Deal and Fit for 55, aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote hydrogen as a key energy carrier.
Key players in the market
Some of the key players in Power-to-Gas market include Avacon AG, Cummins Inc, Fortescue Metals Group, FuelCell Energy Inc, Hitachi Zosen Inova AG, MAN Energy Solutions, Siemens Energy AG, Sunfire GmbH and Thyssenkrupp AG.
In November 2023, Nature Energy and Andel inaugurated a new power-to-gas facility in Denmark, following a partnership established in autumn 2022. The two companies have invested in a biological Power-to-X plant located in Glansager on Als, which is now ready for production. Once fully operational, the plant will produce hydrogen that will enhance Nature Energy's green gas output by 12,000 m3 per day.
In June 2022, the U.S. Department of Energy invested US$ 504.4 million in finance Advanced Clean Energy Storage, a clean energy and clean hydrogen storage facility that can provide long-term energy storage.
In February 2022, Mitsubishi Power and HydrogenPro have a purchase agreement in place for a substantial electrolyzer system. Through electrolysis, the HydrogenPro electrolyzer system will create green hydrogen and oxygen using wind and solar energy.