市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1370852
3D 混凝土列印市場 - 2018-2028F 全球產業規模、佔有率、趨勢、機會與預測,按列印類型、技術、產品、最終用途產業、地區、競爭細分3D Concrete Printing Market- Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunities, and Forecast 2018-2028F Segmented By Printing Type, By Technique, By Offering, By End-use Sector, By Region, Competition |
3D混凝土列印市場預計在預測期內將成長。已開發國家專業人員的高成本是推動全球3D混凝土列印市場擴張的因素。此外,手工施工過程會產生建築垃圾,必須收集和銷毀。混凝土廢棄物導致承包商的專案成本更高,政府與收集和清除相關的成本也更高。相反,3D列印產生的廢棄物比傳統方法少得多。此外,這種技術使得生產大量不規則形狀的物體變得更簡單、更經濟。然而,3D列印機高昂的初始投資成本以及其操作軟體和硬體的維護,嚴重限制了市場的擴張。限制列印高度和尺寸的另一個問題是它減緩了國際市場和技術的發展。大型物件的 3D 混凝土列印需要更大的設置,以便列印機能夠傳輸更遠的距離。同樣,3D 列印需要起重機或其他設備將印表機運送到所需的高度。由於框架設置較大,這增加了專案的資本和營運成本,從而限制了 3D 混凝土列印市場的成長。
市場概況 | |
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預測期 | 2024-2028 |
2022 年市場規模 | 11億美元 |
2028 年市場規模 | 103.1億美元 |
2023-2028 年年複合成長率 | 45.28% |
成長最快的細分市場 | 基礎設施 |
最大的市場 | 北美洲 |
在已開發國家,尤其是歐洲,僱用熟練勞工的成本很高。此外,客製化和特殊形狀或尺寸需要具有經驗和知識的技術人員。高額的勞務成本增加了專案的總體預算。然而,3D混凝土列印技術有助於節省這筆開支,因為3D列印機可以列印無錯誤的複雜結構。 3D列印機可用於大量建造複雜形狀的結構,這將有助於節省勞動成本。例如,3D列印服務供應商Apis Cor於2019年建造了杜拜最大的市政行政大樓。它只僱用了三名工人、一台3D列印機和一台起重機來建造整個結構。 3D 列印混凝土市場在全球範圍內不斷擴張,很大程度上就是因為這項特點。
手工施工活動會產生大量廢棄物。在建造牆壁、樓板或柱子時,一些混凝土通常會被浪費。然而,3D 混凝土列印技術不會產生廢物,因為 3D 列印機由一個噴嘴組成,透過該噴嘴以精確的數量沉積混凝土。因此,最大限度地減少廢物產生並節省施工過程中混凝土的成本,可以促進全球市場的成長。
手動建立自訂結構非常耗時。此外,手動很難達到準確度和所需的輸出。然而,由於電腦化和霧化操作,與手動製程相比,3D混凝土列印技術可以以更高的速度和更高的精度列印多個結構。這是 3D 混凝土列印市場的主要促進因素。
全球人口的快速成長要求南美洲、非洲和印度的許多大城市以及新興國家建立新的基礎設施。這些國家的住房短缺達1000萬套公寓。事實證明,預製建築是滿足大型住房專案需求的最具成本效益、快速且永續的建築技術。經合組織和歐盟國家已將負擔能力和品質確定為主要目標。
提供經濟適用房是世界各國政府的首要任務。例如,在肯亞等發展中國家,政府致力於為所有公民提供負擔得起的住房。為了滿足這項需求,各國政府正在推出許多計畫和措施。例如,印度政府的「Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana 2023」計畫旨在為所有公民,特別是經濟弱勢群體和低收入群體提供經濟適用房。
建立3D混凝土列印服務的初始資金成本需要很高的投資。主要是因為用於操作3D列印機的AutoCAD和SolidWorks等軟體,3D列印機的成本很高。此外,市場上還沒有用於3D列印的標準混凝土。混凝土的成分是根據3D列印的地理區域和應用而開發的,這是3D混凝土列印市場的主要限制之一。
3D列印機是一種沿著龍門系統行進以列印所需形狀的結構的機器。此外,有些印表機可以從一個地方移動到另一個地方,類似於具有機械手臂的印表機。然而,由於可以在框架或地面上輕鬆平穩地移動,因此印表機的尺寸相當小。因此,印表機可以輕鬆列印其範圍內的材料。然而,大尺寸的牆壁或多層建築物,需要特殊佈置的額外框架安裝在龍門系統或有時起重機上,以將機器運送到通常無法到達的高度。這種額外的框架或租用起重機來搬運 3D 列印機會增加專案成本,有時甚至是不可行的,這往往會阻礙全球市場的成長。
工業化國家的快速城市化和尖端技術的使用預計將為 3D 混凝土列印的市場擴張創造有利可圖的環境。此外,隨著建築師和設計師更了解 3D 列印的優勢,他們正在迅速將偏好轉變為在一系列專案中採用該技術,從而為全球市場的成長做出了巨大貢獻。
例如,2019 年 12 月,從事建築業務的 ICON 和 New Story 籌集資金為墨西哥低收入家庭建造了 50 棟 3D 列印房屋。預計此類城市化策略將在預測期內促進市場的成長。
目前市場上還沒有適用於3D列印技術的通用材料。混凝土是由建築商根據某些項目所需的強度和成分製造的。利用 3D 混凝土列印技術的各種項目中所採用的材料成分各不相同。創造新材料需要大量的努力和金錢。因此,有必要創建可在任何地方使用的材料,並根據需要進行細微的成分調整。這對市場的拓展構成了重大障礙。然而,我們正在努力研發,為 3D 列印混凝土提供標準材料。
3D列印是逐層進行的,導致表面光潔度較差。結構失去了美感。因此,有必要對結構進行手工精加工以獲得光滑的表面光潔度。這方面是市場成長的主要挑戰。因此,正在進行研究活動,以改善澆注混凝土的噴嘴,以獲得更好的表面光潔度。
在軟體中對印表機路徑進行編碼或預先編程以及生產建築用原料方面的技術專業知識至關重要。軟體程式錯誤將導致列印錯誤,無論是結構的形狀還是尺寸。
全球 3D 混凝土列印市場按列印類型、技術、產品、最終用途和地區細分。根據列印類型,市場分為龍門系統、機械手臂。根據技術,市場分為擠出型和粉末型。根據產品提供,市場分為印刷服務和材料。根據最終用途,市場分為住宅、商業、基礎設施。依地區分類,市場分為北美、亞太地區、歐洲、南美、中東和非洲。
全球3D混凝土列印市場的主要市場參與者包括LafargeHolcim Ltd、Skanska AB、Acciona, SA、HeidelbergCement AG、Kier Group plc、Sika AG、Balfour Beatty plc、Foster + Partners Limited、CRH plc、Carillion plc。
(註:公司名單可依客戶要求客製化)
3D Concrete Printing Market is expected to grow during the forecast period. The high cost of professional personnel in developed nations is the factor that is fuelling the expansion of the global 3D concrete printing market. Additionally, manual construction process produces construction trash, which must be gathered and destroyed. Concrete waste results in higher project costs for the contractor and higher government costs associated with collection and removal. Contrarily, 3D printing produces far less waste than the conventional method. Moreover, this technique makes it simpler and more affordable to produce large quantities of objects with irregular forms. However, the heavy initial investment cost of 3D printers, and the maintenance of their operating software and hardware, severely limits the market's expansion. Another problem limiting printing heights and sizes is that it slows down the development of the market and technology, internationally. 3D concrete printing of huge objects needs a larger setup for the printer to travel the distance. Similarly, 3D printing needs cranes or other provisions to carry the printer to the desired height. This increases the capital and operation cost of the project, owing to the larger setup of frames, thereby restraining the 3D concrete printing market growth.
3D concrete printing examines to construction of building structures and other aesthetical structures in diverse sizes and shapes by using automated printer. The printers are directed through feeding the program in the software. Extrusion-based 3D printing uses a screw device or pneumatic actuator to encourage material through a cartridge and into a needle or nozzle for layer-by-layer deposition. On the contrary, powder-based 3D printing is the process sustained out by depositing binding solution onto the ceramic powder bed through a print nozzle. This leads to bonding of these surface areas together to form the predesigned solid part, laying one layer at a time. Upon drying the concrete, the product is removed from the bed and excess powder is removed by air jet sprays. Ready-mix, high-density, precast, and shotcrete are the material types that are normally used for 3D printing. However, these material types are produced with various grades of materials depending on their application.
Market Overview | |
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Forecast Period | 2024-2028 |
Market Size 2022 | USD 1.1 Billion |
Market Size 2028 | USD 10.31 Billion |
CAGR 2023-2028 | 45.28% |
Fastest Growing Segment | Infrastructure |
Largest Market | North America |
Hiring skilled labour in developed nations, especially in Europe, incurs high cost. In addition, customized and special shapes or sizes needs skilled personnel who have experience and knowledge. High cost of labour service increases the overall budget of the projects. However, the 3D concrete printing technology helps in saving this expenditure, as the 3D printer can print error-free and complex structures. The 3D printer can be used to build complex shaped structures in mass quantity that will help in saving the labour cost. For instance, Apis Cor, a 3D printing service provider, built the largest municipal administrative building in Dubai in 2019. It hired only three workers, one 3D printer, and a crane to build the entire structure. The market for 3D printed concrete is expanding globally in large part because of this feature.
Manual construction activities generate a considerable amount of waste. Some of the concrete generally gets wasted while building walls, slabs, or pillars. However, the 3D concrete printing technology does not generate waste, as the 3D printer consists of a nozzle through which the concrete is deposited in exact amount and quantity. Therefore, minimizing waste generation and saving the cost spent on the concrete in the construction process, augment the growth of the market, globally.
Manual construction of customized structures is notably time-consuming. In addition, the accuracy and desired output are hard to achieve manually. However, due to computerized and atomized operation, 3D concrete printing technology can print multiple numbers of structures at higher speed, and with more accuracy, compared to manual process. This acts as a major driving factor of the 3D concrete printing market.
The rapid growth of population worldwide is demanding new infrastructure in many large cities of South America, Africa, and India, as well as emerging nations. These countries have a housing shortage of 10 million apartments. Precast construction has proved to be the most cost-efficient, fast, and sustainable building technology to cater to large housing projects. Affordability and quality have been identified as the main objective by OECD and EU countries.
Provision of affordable housing is a top priority of governments across the world. For example, in developing countries such as Kenya, the government is committed to providing affordable housing for all citizens. To cater to this need, governments are introducing many schemes and initiatives. For instance, the Indian government scheme, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana 2023, aims at providing affordable housing to all citizens, particularly those from economically weaker sections and low-income groups.
The initial capital cost to set up the 3D concrete printing service needs high investment. Majorly, the cost of 3D printing machine is high due to software such as AutoCAD and SolidWorks, used to operate the 3D printer. In addition, no standard concrete is available in the market that is used for 3D printing. The composition of concrete is developed as per the geographical region and application of the 3D printing, which is one of the major restraints of the 3D concrete printing market.
The 3D printer is a machine that travels along the gantry system to print the desired shape of the structure. In addition, some printers can move from one place to another, similar to the one with robotic arm. However, the size of the printers is considerably small, owing to easy and smooth displacement on the frames or on the ground. The printer, therefore, can easily print the material within its range. However, large size of walls or multi-stored buildings, needs special arrangements of additional frames to be mounted on the gantry system or sometimes cranes, that can carry the machine at a height where it normally cannot reach. This extra framing or hiring the crane to carry the 3D printer, increases the cost of the project and sometimes is not feasible, which tends to hinder the growth of the global market.
Rapid urbanization and the use of cutting-edge technology in industrialized countries are anticipated to create a lucrative environment for the market expansion of 3D concrete printing. Additionally, as architects and designers learn more about the advantages of 3D printing, they are quickly shifting their preferences in favor of this technology for a range of projects, substantially contributing to the growth of the global market.
For instance, in December 2019, ICON and New Story, both dealing in construction business, raised funds to build 50 3D printed houses for families to stay that have low income in Mexico. Such urbanization strategies are anticipated to boost the growth of the market during the forecast period.
There is no common material for 3D printing technology in the market right now. Concrete is created by builders according to the strength and composition needed for certain projects. The material compositions employed in various projects that make use of 3D concrete printing technology are varied. Creating new materials takes a lot of effort and money. Therefore, it is essential to create material that can be utilized anywhere with minor compositional adjustments as needed. This poses a significant obstacle to the market's expansion. However, efforts are being made in research and development to provide standard material for 3D printing concrete.
3D printing is carried out layer by layer, resulting in poor surface finish. The structure loses its aestheticism. It thus becomes necessary to give manual finish to the structures for achieving smooth surface finish. This aspect acts as a major challenge for the market growth. Thus, research activities are being carried out for the advancement of nozzle from where the concrete is deposited for better surface finish.
Technical expertise regarding coding or pre-programming the path of the printer in the software and in terms of producing raw materials used for building, is crucial. Error in programming the software will lead to wrong printing, either in shape or size of the structure.
Global 3D concrete printing market is segmented into printing type, technique, offering, end-use, and region. Based on printing type, the market is segmented into gantry system, robotic arm. Based on technique, the market is segmented into extrusion-based, powder-based. Based on offering, the market is segmented into printing services, materials. Based on end-use, the market is segmented into residential, commercial, infrastructure. Based on region, the market is segmented into North America, Asia-Pacific, Europe, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Major market players in the global 3D concrete printing market are LafargeHolcim Ltd, Skanska AB, Acciona, S.A., HeidelbergCement AG, Kier Group plc, Sika AG, Balfour Beatty plc, Foster + Partners Limited, CRH plc, Carillion plc.
(Note: The companies list can be customized based on the client requirements)