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1968545

BETA-聚葡萄糖市場 - 全球產業規模、佔有率、趨勢、機會和預測（按類別、原料、應用、地區和競爭格局分類），2021-2031年

Beta Glucan Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity and Forecast, By Category, By Source, By Application, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F
出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 181 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

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簡介目錄

全球BETA-聚葡萄糖市場預計將從2025年的5.5534億美元成長到2031年的8.3435億美元，複合年成長率為7.02%。

這些由葡萄糖單體組成的生物活性多醣，提取自燕麥和大麥等穀物的細胞壁，以及細菌、蘑菇和酵母。該市場的成長主要受糖尿病和心血管疾病等慢性文明病的增加所驅動，這導致消費者對預防性醫療保健解決方案和機能性食品的需求不斷成長。這種健康意識的轉變尤其受到人們對免疫健康的關注。根據責任營養委員會 (CRN) 2024 年的數據，30% 的膳食補充劑使用者表示增強免疫力是其主要動機，這凸顯了商業性對免疫調節成分的巨大需求。

市場概覽
預測期 2027-2031
市場規模：2025年 5.5534億美元
市場規模：2031年 8.3435億美元
複合年成長率：2026-2031年 7.02%
成長最快的細分市場 化妝品
最大的市場 北美洲

儘管市場需求強勁，但該行業仍面臨著許多挑戰，例如生產高品質分離物所需的複雜提取和純化製程。這些技術難題推高了生產成本，尤其是在價格敏感的發展中市場，製造商難以在滿足藥品和高階營養補充劑應用所需的嚴格純度標準與價格可承受性之間取得平衡，這可能會限制產品的廣泛應用。

市場促進因素

消費者對機能性食品和強化飲料的需求日益成長，這成為推動市場成長的主要動力。消費者越來越傾向於預防性營養攝入，而非被動的醫療干預。為了滿足這種健康意識，製造商正積極在各種產品中添加BETA-聚葡萄糖，從透明機能飲料到強化點心棒，不一而足。產業預測也支持此擴張趨勢；根據格蘭比亞營養品公司（Glanbia Nutritionals）於2025年2月發布的《2025年美國機能飲料市場洞察報告》，預計到2027年，美國機能飲料市場規模將達到620億美元，複合年成長率（CAGR）為4.5%。為了因應這一成長，原料供應商正致力於開發高純度、水溶性BETA-聚葡萄糖分離物，這些分離物能夠在不影響高階產品感官特性的前提下，提供免疫調節作用。

同時，在動物飼料中以BETA-葡聚醣取代抗生素的趨勢正在改變整個產業。隨著畜牧業預防性抗生素使用的監管，生產商越來越依賴酵母細胞壁衍生成分來改善豬和家禽的腸道健康和免疫力。這一趨勢也體現在財務報告中。 Novonesys在2025年8月發布的「2025會計年度上半年中期報告」中指出，其生物解決方案部門實現了9%的有機銷售成長，凸顯了微生物和酵素基飼料技術的應用。終端用戶需求的變化進一步推動了這一發展勢頭。根據Beneo於2025年5月發布的「2025年全球食品飲料趨勢」報告，55%的全球消費者正在尋找有助於腸道健康的產品，從而催生了對更健康、不含抗生素的動物蛋白的需求。

市場挑戰

生產高品質分離物所需的複雜萃取和純化製程是全球BETA-葡聚醣市場成長的主要障礙。要達到高階膳食補充劑和藥品應用所需的純度水平，需要資本密集技術和嚴格的品管，這必然會增加營運成本。高成本迫使製造商設定較高的原料價格，從而限制了其在大眾市場的滲透。因此，價格敏感地區的食品飲料製造商往往不願意在其產品中添加BETA-聚葡萄糖，擔心零售價格上漲會疏遠注重成本的消費者。

關鍵原料（尤其是主糧）供應鏈的波動進一步加劇了這種經濟負擔。根據國際穀物理事會預測，2024年全球大麥產量預計將降至1.457億噸，較上一季大幅下降。關鍵原料的供應限制推高了投入成本，增加了與複雜精煉製程相關的財務負擔，並阻礙了開發中國家有效拓展市場的能力。

市場趨勢

在永續循環經濟中，廢棄釀酒酵母的再利用正成為一項關鍵的採購趨勢，顯著改變了BETA-葡聚醣生產的原料結構。為了避免與大麥和燕麥等主要穀物相關的成本和價格波動，製造商正在加速將廢棄酵母升級再造成營養豐富的釀造產品。這種轉變不僅滿足了減少廢棄物的要求，也為提取具有免疫調節作用的酵母來源BETA-葡聚醣提供了可靠且高產量的基材。該行業對工藝改進的承諾在強大的知識產權活動中得到了充分體現。根據Angel East於2025年5月發布的《2024年永續發展報告》，該公司僅在2024年就提交了195項專利申請，顯示其策略重點在於最佳化萃取效率和酵母生物技術。

同時，市場上湧現大量關注抗污染和微生物群的藥用化妝品配方，BETA-葡聚醣的應用範圍也從口服擴展到了外用護膚。化妝品品牌正將BETA-葡聚醣分離物融入其高階護膚產品線，充分利用其強化角質層、減少刺激以及調節皮膚細菌對環境壓力的反應等特性。這一趨勢正在推動以實證為基礎的個人護理原料供應商實現營收成長。根據帝斯曼-菲美意公司於2025年8月發布的《2025會計年度上半年財務業績報告》，該公司健康、營養與護理業務板塊實現了6%的有機銷售成長，這主要得益於市場對專業個人護理和營養解決方案的強勁需求。

目錄

第1章概述

第2章：調查方法

第3章執行摘要

第4章：客戶心聲

第5章：全球BETA-聚葡萄糖市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
    • 按金額
  • 市佔率及預測
    • 按類別（水溶性、不溶性）
    • 依成分分類（穀類/豆類、蘑菇、酵母、海藻）
    • 依應用領域（食品飲料、個人護理、化妝品等）
    • 按地區
    • 按公司（2025 年）
  • 市場地圖

第6章：北美BETA-聚葡萄糖市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 北美洲：國別分析
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

第7章：歐洲BETA-聚葡萄糖市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 歐洲：國別分析
    • 德國
    • 法國
    • 英國
    • 義大利
    • 西班牙

第8章：亞太地區BETA-聚葡萄糖市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 亞太地區：國別分析
    • 中國
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韓國
    • 澳洲

第9章：中東與非洲BETA-聚葡萄糖市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 中東與非洲：國別分析
    • 沙烏地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
    • 南非

第10章：南美BETA-聚葡萄糖市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 南美洲：國別分析
    • 巴西
    • 哥倫比亞
    • 阿根廷

第11章 市場動態

  • 促進因素
  • 任務

第12章 市場趨勢與發展

  • 併購
  • 產品發布
  • 近期趨勢

第13章：全球BETA-聚葡萄糖市場：SWOT分析

第14章：波特五力分析

  • 產業競爭
  • 新進入者的潛力
  • 供應商的議價能力
  • 顧客權力
  • 替代品的威脅

第15章 競爭格局

  • Tate & Lyle plc
  • Kerry Group plc
  • DSM-Firmenich AG
  • Kemin Industries, Inc.
  • AngelYeast Co., Ltd.
  • Lallemand Inc.
  • Leiber GmbH
  • Associated British Foods plc
  • Biorigin
  • Kirkman Group

第16章 策略建議

第17章：關於研究公司及免責聲明

簡介目錄
Product Code: 26787

The Global Beta Glucan Market is projected to expand from USD 555.34 Million in 2025 to USD 834.35 Million by 2031, reflecting a CAGR of 7.02%. Composed of glucose monomers, these biologically active polysaccharides are sourced from the cell walls of cereals like oats and barley, as well as from bacteria, mushrooms, and yeast. The market is fundamentally propelled by the increasing incidence of chronic lifestyle diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular conditions, which has heightened consumer demand for preventive health solutions and functional foods. This shift toward wellness is supported by specific interest in immune health; according to the Council for Responsible Nutrition's 2024 data, 30% of dietary supplement users identified immune support as a primary motivation, highlighting the commercial need for immunomodulating ingredients.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2027-2031
Market Size 2025USD 555.34 Million
Market Size 2031USD 834.35 Million
CAGR 2026-20317.02%
Fastest Growing SegmentCosmetics
Largest MarketNorth America

Despite this strong demand, the sector faces significant hurdles related to the intricate extraction and purification processes needed to produce high-quality isolates. These technical challenges lead to high production costs that can limit widespread adoption, especially in price-sensitive developing markets where manufacturers struggle to balance affordability with the rigorous purity standards required for pharmaceutical and premium nutraceutical uses.

Market Driver

The growing appetite for functional foods and fortified beverages serves as a major growth engine, as consumers increasingly favor preventive nutrition over reactive medical interventions. Manufacturers are actively adding beta glucans to various products, from clear functional waters to fortified snack bars, to meet this wellness-oriented demand. This expansion is highlighted by industrial forecasts; according to Glanbia Nutritionals' "US Functional Beverage Market Insights 2025" from February 2025, the US functional beverage sector is expected to reach $62 billion by 2027 with a compound annual growth rate of 4.5%. This growth encourages ingredient suppliers to develop high-purity, water-soluble beta glucan isolates that offer immunomodulatory benefits without negatively affecting the sensory qualities of premium goods.

Concurrently, the shift toward using beta glucans as antibiotic alternatives in animal feed is transforming the industry. As regulations limit prophylactic antibiotic use in livestock, producers are increasing their reliance on yeast cell wall derivatives to improve gut health and immunity in swine and poultry. This trend is visible in financial reports; Novonesis noted in its August 2025 "Interim Report for the First Half of 2025" that its biosolutions division achieved 9% organic sales growth, emphasizing the adoption of microbial and enzymatic feed technologies. This momentum is reinforced by changing end-user demands, as Beneo's "Global Food & Drink Trends for 2025" report from May 2025 indicates that 55% of global consumers seek products supporting gut wellness, generating demand for healthier, antibiotic-free animal proteins.

Market Challenge

The complex extraction and purification workflows necessary to generate high-quality isolates represent a major obstacle to the Global Beta Glucan Market's growth. Attaining the purity levels required for premium nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications necessitates capital-heavy technologies and strict quality control, which inherently increase operational costs. These high expenses compel manufacturers to set higher prices for their ingredients, thereby limiting mass market uptake. As a result, food and beverage producers in price-sensitive areas are often reluctant to reformulate their products with beta glucans, as the subsequent rise in retail prices could deter cost-conscious consumers.

This economic strain is intensified by supply chain volatility regarding essential raw materials, particularly the cereal grains used as primary substrates. According to the International Grains Council, global barley production was projected to decrease to 145.7 million tons in 2024, marking a notable contraction from the previous season. Such limited availability of key feedstocks exerts upward pressure on input costs, compounding the financial burdens associated with complex purification processes and hindering the market's capacity to scale effectively in developing economies.

Market Trends

The repurposing of spent brewer's yeast is becoming a pivotal trend for sustainable circular economy sourcing, significantly changing the raw material landscape for beta glucan production. To avoid the costs and volatility linked to primary cereal crops like barley and oats, manufacturers are increasingly upcycling this nutrient-dense brewing byproduct. This transition not only satisfies waste reduction requirements but also supplies a reliable, high-volume substrate for extracting yeast-derived beta glucans known for their immune-modulating effects. The industry's dedication to improving these processes is highlighted by strong intellectual property efforts; according to Angel Yeast's "2024 Sustainability Report" from May 2025, the company filed 195 patents in 2024 alone, indicating a major strategic focus on optimizing extraction efficiencies and yeast biotechnology.

Simultaneously, the market is experiencing a surge in anti-pollution and microbiome-friendly cosmeceutical formulations, extending beta glucan applications from dietary ingestion to topical skin care. Cosmetic brands are integrating beta glucan isolates into premium skincare ranges, utilizing the ingredient's capacity to strengthen the stratum corneum, alleviate irritation, and modulate skin bacteria against environmental aggressors. This trend is generating revenue growth for suppliers of evidence-based personal care ingredients; according to DSM-Firmenich's "Half Year Results 2025" from August 2025, their Health, Nutrition & Care unit achieved 6% organic sales growth, driven by strong demand for their specialized personal care and dietary solutions.

Key Market Players

  • Tate & Lyle plc
  • Kerry Group plc
  • DSM-Firmenich AG
  • Kemin Industries, Inc.
  • AngelYeast Co., Ltd.
  • Lallemand Inc.
  • Leiber GmbH
  • Associated British Foods plc
  • Biorigin
  • Kirkman Group

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Beta Glucan Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Beta Glucan Market, By Category

  • Soluble
  • Insoluble

Beta Glucan Market, By Source

  • Cereal & Grains
  • Mushroom
  • Yeast
  • Seaweed

Beta Glucan Market, By Application

  • Food & Beverage
  • Personal Care
  • Cosmetics
  • Others

Beta Glucan Market, By Region

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Spain
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Beta Glucan Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Beta Glucan Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Beta Glucan Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Category (Soluble, Insoluble)
    • 5.2.2. By Source (Cereal & Grains, Mushroom, Yeast, Seaweed)
    • 5.2.3. By Application (Food & Beverage, Personal Care, Cosmetics, Others)
    • 5.2.4. By Region
    • 5.2.5. By Company (2025)
  • 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Beta Glucan Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Category
    • 6.2.2. By Source
    • 6.2.3. By Application
    • 6.2.4. By Country
  • 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 6.3.1. United States Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Category
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By Source
        • 6.3.1.2.3. By Application
    • 6.3.2. Canada Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.2.1. By Category
        • 6.3.2.2.2. By Source
        • 6.3.2.2.3. By Application
    • 6.3.3. Mexico Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.2.1. By Category
        • 6.3.3.2.2. By Source
        • 6.3.3.2.3. By Application

7. Europe Beta Glucan Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Category
    • 7.2.2. By Source
    • 7.2.3. By Application
    • 7.2.4. By Country
  • 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. Germany Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Category
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By Source
        • 7.3.1.2.3. By Application
    • 7.3.2. France Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Category
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By Source
        • 7.3.2.2.3. By Application
    • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Category
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By Source
        • 7.3.3.2.3. By Application
    • 7.3.4. Italy Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Category
        • 7.3.4.2.2. By Source
        • 7.3.4.2.3. By Application
    • 7.3.5. Spain Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Category
        • 7.3.5.2.2. By Source
        • 7.3.5.2.3. By Application

8. Asia Pacific Beta Glucan Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Category
    • 8.2.2. By Source
    • 8.2.3. By Application
    • 8.2.4. By Country
  • 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. China Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Category
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By Source
        • 8.3.1.2.3. By Application
    • 8.3.2. India Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Category
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By Source
        • 8.3.2.2.3. By Application
    • 8.3.3. Japan Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Category
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By Source
        • 8.3.3.2.3. By Application
    • 8.3.4. South Korea Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Category
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By Source
        • 8.3.4.2.3. By Application
    • 8.3.5. Australia Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Category
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By Source
        • 8.3.5.2.3. By Application

9. Middle East & Africa Beta Glucan Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Category
    • 9.2.2. By Source
    • 9.2.3. By Application
    • 9.2.4. By Country
  • 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Category
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By Source
        • 9.3.1.2.3. By Application
    • 9.3.2. UAE Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Category
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By Source
        • 9.3.2.2.3. By Application
    • 9.3.3. South Africa Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Category
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By Source
        • 9.3.3.2.3. By Application

10. South America Beta Glucan Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Category
    • 10.2.2. By Source
    • 10.2.3. By Application
    • 10.2.4. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Category
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By Source
        • 10.3.1.2.3. By Application
    • 10.3.2. Colombia Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Category
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By Source
        • 10.3.2.2.3. By Application
    • 10.3.3. Argentina Beta Glucan Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Category
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By Source
        • 10.3.3.2.3. By Application

11. Market Dynamics

  • 11.1. Drivers
  • 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

  • 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
  • 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
  • 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Beta Glucan Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 14.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 14.4. Power of Customers
  • 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1. Tate & Lyle plc
    • 15.1.1. Business Overview
    • 15.1.2. Products & Services
    • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
    • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
    • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
  • 15.2. Kerry Group plc
  • 15.3. DSM-Firmenich AG
  • 15.4. Kemin Industries, Inc.
  • 15.5. AngelYeast Co., Ltd.
  • 15.6. Lallemand Inc.
  • 15.7. Leiber GmbH
  • 15.8. Associated British Foods plc
  • 15.9. Biorigin
  • 15.10. Kirkman Group

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer