煤炭開採的全球市場調查報告-產業分析，規模，佔有率，成長，趨勢，2022年～2028年前的預測

Value Market Research深入調查煤炭開採的全球市場，並預測未來幾年行業將出現顯著增長。本研究報告提供全球煤炭開採市場相關之完全產業分析，提供市場規模、市場佔有率、增長趨勢、2023年至2028年的預測等。該報告以詳細的市場介紹和突出報告關鍵增長數據的執行摘要為首。接續的章節討論市場價值鏈、波特五力模型和市場吸引力分析。同時還設立關於COVID-19影響分析的獨立章節，以了解市場如何應對疫情。

本報告的市場動態部分詳細介紹了當前的市場推動因素/阻礙、課題/風險和未來機遇。本節對企業戰略家和新產品開發部門非常有用。煤炭開採全球市場調查將市場細分化，並根據收益和/或銷售額的視點提供市場規模。該數據地區細分，同時國家/地區細分。數據是通過深入的初級訪談和世界各地的行業專家收集而來。詳細的調查方法可以在樣本報告中找到。這些市場預測受到最新的社會、政治和經濟變化以及影響該煤炭開採市場的當前市場動態所影響。

煤炭開採市場報告的子章節提供市場競爭力調查，提供一些領先的市場參與者/製造商簡介。這些章節涵括可深入了解競爭對手的產品線、財務狀況、最新發展以及在行業中擁有最高市場佔有率公司所需的豐富資訊。

目錄

第1章 序文

• 本報告的內容
  • 目的
  • 主要讀者
  • 獨特的銷售主張(USP)和報價環
• 調查範圍
• 調查手法
  • 市場調查流程
  • 市場調查手法

第2章 摘要整理

• 煤炭開採市場概況
• 全球煤炭開採市場概述

第3章 煤炭開採- 產業分析

• 簡介
• 煤炭開採市場推動市場要素
• 煤炭開採市場阻礙市場要素
• 煤炭開採的市場機會
• 煤炭開採市場趨勢
• 煤炭開採市場波特的五力分析
• 煤炭開採市場魅力度分析
  • 市場魅力分析:開採各技術
  • 市場魅力分析:各應用領域
  • 市場魅力分析:各地區

第4章 價值鏈分析

• 煤炭開採的價值鏈分析
• 煤炭開採的原料分析
  • 原料的清單
  • 煤炭開採原料的製造商清單
  • 煤炭開採的主要原料價格趨勢
• 潛在的買主清單
• 行銷流通管道
  • 直銷
  • 間接行銷
  • 行銷流通管道開拓趨勢

第5章 COVID-19疫情造成的影響分析

• COVID-19疫情對煤炭開採市場的影響分析
  • 對生產的直接性影響
  • 供應鏈與市場的混亂
  • 對企業及金融市場的財務性影響
• COVID-19生產，進口，出口，各需求影響分析
• 煤炭開採市場COVID-19前和後邊
• 冠狀病毒(COVID-19)疫情對2020年煤炭開採市場規模的影響估計(情勢
• COVID-19煤炭開採市場相關微觀·宏觀要素分析

第6章 煤炭開採的全球市場分析:開採各技術

• 礦業各技術概要
• 2015年～2018年的實際成果資料
• 全球煤炭開採市場礦業各技術分析
• 露天開採(Surface Mining的)市場分析:各地區
• 露天開採(Strip Mining的)市場分析:各地區
• 露天開採(Auger Mining的)市場分析:各地區
• 露天開採(Open-pit Mining的)市場分析:各地區
• 山地開採的市場分析:各地區
• 地下開採的市場分析:各地區
• 房柱法法的市場分析:各地區
• 長牆式開採的市場分析:各地區

第7章 煤炭開採的全球市場分析:各應用領域

• 概要:各應用領域
• 實際成果資料2015年～2018年
• 全球煤炭開採市場分析:各應用領域
• 火力發電的市場分析:各地區
• 鋼鐵製造的市場分析:各地區
• 水泥製造的市場分析:各地區
• 其他的市場分析:各地區

第8章 煤炭開採的全球市場分析:各地區

• 各地區展望
• 簡介
• 北美
  • 概要與實際成果資料
  • 北美的煤炭開採市場預測:市場部門別
  • 北美的煤炭開採市場預測:各國
  • 美國
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥
• 歐洲
  • 概要與實際成果資料
  • 歐洲的煤炭開採市場預測:市場部門別
  • 歐洲煤炭開採的市場預測:各國
  • 英國
  • 法國
  • 德國
  • 義大利
  • 俄羅斯
  • 其他的歐洲地區
• 亞太地區
  • 概要與實際成果資料
  • 亞太地區的煤炭開採市場預測:市場部門別
  • 亞太地區的煤炭開採的市場預測:各國
  • 中國
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 韓國
  • 澳洲
  • 其他亞太地區
• 南美
  • 概要與實際成果資料
  • 南美的煤炭開採市場預測:市場部門別
  • 南美的煤炭開採的市場預測:各國
  • 巴西
  • 阿根廷
  • 秘魯
  • 智利
  • 其他南美國家地區
• 中東·非洲地區
  • 概要與實際成果資料
  • 中東·非洲的煤炭開採市場預測:市場部門別
  • 中東·非洲的煤炭開採的市場預測:各國
  • 沙烏地阿拉伯
  • UAE
  • 以色列
  • 南非
  • 其他中東地區

第9章 煤炭開採企業的競爭情形

• 煤炭開採市場競爭
• 聯盟·合作·協定
• 合併·收購
• 新產品推出
• 其他的開發

第10章 企業簡介

• 企業佔有率分析
• 市場集中度
• Glencore plc
  • 企業概要
  • 產品介紹
  • 最近的開發情形
• BHP Billiton Limited
  • 公司概要
  • 產品介紹
  • 最近的開發情形
• Rio Tinto Group
  • 公司概要
  • 產品資訊
  • 最近的開發情形
• Vale SA
  • 公司概要
  • 產品資訊
  • 最近的開發情形
• Anglo American Plc
  • 公司概要
  • 產品資訊
  • 最近的開發情形
• China Shenhua Energy Company Limited
  • 公司概要
  • 產品資訊
  • 最近的開發情形
• Freeport-McMoRan Inc.
  • 公司概要
  • 產品資訊
  • 最近的開發情形
• Coal India Limited
  • 公司概要
  • 產品資訊
  • 最近的開發情形
• Fortescue Metals Group
  • 公司概要
  • 產品資訊
  • 最近的開發情形
• Consol Energy Inc.
  • 公司概要
  • 產品資訊
  • 最新資訊

在公司簡介中，財務細節和最近的發展基於可取得的現有信息，可能不包含非上市公司。

Value Market Research deeply researched the Global Coal Mining Market to foresee a significant growth in the industry over the upcoming years. The global coal mining market report provides a complete industry analysis, market size, market share, growth trends, and forecasts for 2023 to 2028. The report starts with a detailed market introduction and an executive summary that highlights the report's key growth numbers. The subsequent chapters discuss the value chain of the market, Porter's Five Forces Model, and market attractiveness analysis. An exclusive chapter on COVID-19 impact analysis has been added to understand how the market has responded to the pandemic.

The market dynamics section of the report elaborates the current market drivers, restraints along with the challenges/risks and upcoming opportunities. This section can be of high interest for any company's strategists and new product development department. The global coal mining market study segments the market and provides the market size in terms of revenue and/ or sales. This data is bifurcated by region and later by countries. The data is collected through detailed primary interviews and industry experts across the world. The detailed methodology can be seen in our sample reports. These market estimates are also influenced by the latest social, political and economic changes along with the current market dynamics that are affecting this coal mining market.

The next sections of the coal mining market report studies the market competitiveness and profiles some key market players/manufacturers. These sections are knowledgeable for understanding the competitor's product-line, their financials, recent developments and the top market share owners in the industry.

Countries Covered in the report are as below:

North America - United States, Canada, and Mexico

Europe - United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Russia, Spain & Rest of Europe

Asia-Pacific - China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia & Rest of APAC

Latin America - Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Chile & Rest of Latin America

Middle East and Africa - Saudi Arabia, UAE, Israel, South Africa

Market Segmentation in the report is as below:

By Mining Technology

Surface Mining

Strip Mining

Auger Mining

Open-pit Mining

Mountain Removal Mining

Underground Mining

Room & Pillar

Longwall Mining

By Application

Thermal Power Generation

Steel Manufacturing

Cement Manufacturing

Others

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 . PREFACE

• 1.1. Report Description
  • 1.1.1. Objective
  • 1.1.2. Target Audience
  • 1.1.3. Unique Selling Proposition (USP) & offerings
• 1.2. Research Scope
• 1.3. Research Methodology
  • 1.3.1. Market Research Process
  • 1.3.2. Market Research Methodology

2 . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 2.1. Highlights of Coal Mining Market
• 2.2. Global Coal Mining Market Snapshot

3 . COAL MINING - INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

• 3.1. Introduction
• 3.2. Market Drivers of Coal Mining Market
• 3.3. Market Restraints of Coal Mining Market
• 3.4. Opportunities of Coal Mining Market
• 3.5. Trends of Coal Mining Market
• 3.6. Porter's Five Force Analysis of Coal Mining Market
• 3.7. Coal Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis
  • 3.7.1 Market Attractive Analysis by Mining Technology
  • 3.7.2 Market Attractive Analysis by Application
  • 3.7.3 Market Attractive Analysis by Region

4 . VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

• 4.1. Coal Mining Value Chain Analysis
• 4.2. Coal Mining Raw Material Analysis
  • 4.2.1. List of Raw Materials
  • 4.2.2. Coal Mining Raw Material Manufactures List
  • 4.2.3. Price Trend of Coal Mining Key Raw Materials
• 4.3. List of Potential Buyers
• 4.4. Marketing Channel
  • 4.4.1. Direct Marketing
  • 4.4.2. Indirect Marketing
  • 4.4.3. Marketing Channel Development Trend

5 IMPACT ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK

• 5.1. Impact Analysis of Covid-19 Outbreak on Coal Mining Market
  • 5.1.1. Direct Impact on Production
  • 5.1.2. Supply Chain and Market Disruption
  • 5.1.3. Financial Impact on Firms and Financial Markets
• 5.2. COVID-19 Impact Analysis by Production, Import, Export and Demand
• 5.3. Coal Mining Market: Pre V/S Post COVID-19
• 5.4. Estimated Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic on the Coal Mining Market Size in 2020, by Scenario
• 5.5. COVID-19: Micro and Macro Factor Analysis on Coal Mining Market

6 . GLOBAL COAL MINING MARKET ANALYSIS BY MINING TECHNOLOGY

• 6.1 Overview by Mining Technology
• 6.2 Historical Data 2015-2018
• 6.3 Global Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology
• 6.4 Market Analysis of Surface Mining by Regions
• 6.6 Market Analysis of Strip Mining by Regions
• 6.5 Market Analysis of Auger Mining by Regions
• 6.7 Market Analysis of Open-pit Mining by Regions
• 6.8 Market Analysis of Mountain Removal Mining by Regions
• 6.9 Market Analysis of Underground Mining by Regions
• 6.10. Market Analysis of Room & Pillar by Regions
• 6.11 Market Analysis of Longwall Mining by Regions

7 . GLOBAL COAL MINING MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

• 7.1 Overview by Application
• 7.2 Historical Data 2015-2018
• 7.3 Global Coal Mining Market Analysis by Application
• 7.4 Market Analysis of Thermal Power Generation by Regions
• 7.5 Market Analysis of Steel Manufacturing by Regions
• 7.6 Market Analysis of Cement Manufacturing by Regions
• 7.7 Market Analysis of Others by Regions

8 . GLOBAL COAL MINING MARKET ANALYSIS BY GEOGRAPHY

• 8.1. Regional Outlook
• 8.2. Introduction
• 8.3. North America
  • 8.3.1. Overview and Historic Data
  • 8.3.2. North America Coal Mining Market Estimate By Market Segment
  • 8.3.3. North America Coal Mining Market Estimate By Country
  • 8.3.4. United State
  • 8.3.5. Canada
  • 8.3.6. Mexico
• 8.4. Europe
  • 8.4.1. Overview and Historic Data
  • 8.4.2. Europe Coal Mining Market Estimate by Market Segment
  • 8.4.3. Europe Coal Mining Market Estimate by Country
  • 8.4.4. United Kingdom
  • 8.4.5. France
  • 8.4.6. Germany
  • 8.4.7. Italy
  • 8.4.8. Russia
  • 8.4.9. Rest Of Europe
• 8.5. Asia Pacific
  • 8.5.1. Overview and Historic Data
  • 8.5.2. Asia Pacific Coal Mining Market Estimate by Market Segment
  • 8.5.3. Asia Pacific Coal Mining Market Estimate by Country
  • 8.5.4. China
  • 8.5.5. India
  • 8.5.6. Japan
  • 8.5.7. South Korea
  • 8.5.8. Australia
  • 8.5.9. Rest Of Asia Pacific
• 8.6. Latin America
  • 8.6.1. Overview and Historic Data
  • 8.6.2. Latin America Coal Mining Market Estimate by Market Segment
  • 8.6.3. Latin America Coal Mining Market Estimate by Country
  • 8.6.4. Brazil
  • 8.6.5. Argentina
  • 8.6.6. Peru
  • 8.6.7. Chile
  • 8.6.8. Rest of Latin America
• 8.7. Middle East & Africa
  • 8.7.1. Overview and Historic Data
  • 8.7.2. Middle East & Africa Coal Mining Market Estimate by Market Segment
  • 8.7.3. Middle East & Africa Coal Mining Market Estimate by Country
  • 8.7.4. Saudi Arabia
  • 8.7.5. UAE
  • 8.7.6. Israel
  • 8.7.7. South Africa
  • 8.7.8. Rest Of Middle East And Africa

9 . COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE OF THE COAL MINING COMPANIES

• 9.1. Coal Mining Market Competition
• 9.2. Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
• 9.3. Merger And Acquisitions
• 9.4. New Product Launch
• 9.5. Other Developments

10 . COMPANY PROFILES OF COAL MINING INDUSTRY

• 10.1. Company Share Analysis
• 10.2. Market Concentration Rate
• 10.3. Glencore plc
  • 10.3.1. Company Overview
  • 10.3.2. Financials
  • 10.3.3. Products
  • 10.3.4. Recent Developments
• 10.4. BHP Billiton Limited
  • 10.4.1. Company Overview
  • 10.4.2. Financials
  • 10.4.3. Products
  • 10.4.4. Recent Developments
• 10.5. Rio Tinto Group
  • 10.5.1. Company Overview
  • 10.5.2. Financials
  • 10.5.3. Products
  • 10.5.4. Recent Developments
• 10.6. Vale SA
  • 10.6.1. Company Overview
  • 10.6.2. Financials
  • 10.6.3. Products
  • 10.6.4. Recent Developments
• 10.7. Anglo American Plc
  • 10.7.1. Company Overview
  • 10.7.2. Financials
  • 10.7.3. Products
  • 10.7.4. Recent Developments
• 10.8. China Shenhua Energy Company Limited
  • 10.8.1. Company Overview
  • 10.8.2. Financials
  • 10.8.3. Products
  • 10.8.4. Recent Developments
• 10.9. Freeport-McMoRan Inc.
  • 10.9.1. Company Overview
  • 10.9.2. Financials
  • 10.9.3. Products
  • 10.9.4. Recent Developments
• 10.10. Coal India Limited
  • 10.10.1. Company Overview
  • 10.10.2. Financials
  • 10.10.3. Products
  • 10.10.4. Recent Developments
• 10.11. Fortescue Metals Group
  • 10.11.1. Company Overview
  • 10.11.2. Financials
  • 10.11.3. Products
  • 10.11.4. Recent Developments
• 10.12. Consol Energy Inc.
  • 10.12.1. Company Overview
  • 10.12.2. Financials
  • 10.12.3. Products
  • 10.12.4. Recent Developments

Note - in company profiling, financial details and recent development are subject to availability or might not be covered in case of private companies

LIST OF TABLES

• Global Coal Mining Market Snapshot
• Drivers of The Global Coal Mining Market Impact Analysis
• Restraints of The Global Coal Mining Market Impact Analysis
• List of Raw Material
• List of Raw Material Manufactures
• List of Potential Buyers
• COVID-19 Impact Analysis by Production, Import, Export and Demand
• Coal Mining Market: Pre V/S Post COVID-19
• Estimated Impact Of The Coronavirus (Covid-19) Epidemic On The Coal Mining Market Size In 2020, By Scenario
• COVID-19: Micro and Macro Factor Analysis on Coal Mining Market
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Historic Data 2015-2018
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Surface Mining by Geography ( USD MN)
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Strip Mining by Geography ( USD MN)
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Auger Mining by Geography ( USD MN)
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Open-pit Mining by Geography ( USD MN)
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Mountain Removal Mining by Geography ( USD MN)
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Underground Mining by Geography ( USD MN)
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Room & Pillar by Geography ( USD MN)
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis by Application ( USD MN)
• Historic Data 2015-2018
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Thermal Power Generation by Geography ( USD MN)
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Steel Manufacturing by Geography ( USD MN)
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Cement Manufacturing by Geography ( USD MN)
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Others by Geography ( USD MN)
• Global Coal Mining Market by Geography ( USD MN)
• Historic Data 2015-2018
• North America Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• North America Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• North America Coal Mining Market Estimate by Country ( USD MN)
• United State Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• United State Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Canada Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Canada Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Mexico Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Mexico Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Europe Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Europe Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Europe Coal Mining Market Estimate by Country ( USD MN)
• United Kingdom Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• United Kingdom Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• France Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• France Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Germany Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Germany Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Italy Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Italy Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Russia Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Russia Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Spain Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Spain Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Rest of Europe Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Rest of Europe Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Asia Pacific Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Asia Pacific Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Asia Pacific Coal Mining Market Estimate by Country ( USD MN)
• China Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• China Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Japan Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Japan Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• India Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• India Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• South Korea Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• South Korea Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Australia Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Australia Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Rest of Asia Pacific Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Rest of Asia Pacific Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Latin America Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Latin America Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Latin America Coal Mining Market Estimate by Country ( USD MN)
• Brazil Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Brazil Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Argentina Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Argentina Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Peru Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Peru Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Chile Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Chile Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Rest of Latin America Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Rest of Latin America Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Middle East & Africa Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Middle East & Africa Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Middle East & Africa Coal Mining Market Estimate by Country ( USD MN)
• Saudi Arabia Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Saudi Arabia Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• UAE Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• UAE Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Israel Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Israel Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• South Africa Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• South Africa Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Rest of Middle East and Africa Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology ( USD MN)
• Rest of Middle East and Africa Coal Mining Market Estimate by Application ( USD MN)
• Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
• Mergers And Acquisiton

LIST OF FIGURES

• Research Scope of Coal Mining Report
• Market Research Process
• Market Research Methodology
• Global Coal Mining Market Size, by Region (2019)
• Porters Five Forces Analysis
• Market Attractiveness Analysis by Mining Technology
• Market Attractiveness Analysis by Application
• Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region
• Value Chain Analysis
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis by Mining Technology
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Surface Mining by Region
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Strip Mining by Region
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Auger Mining by Region
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Open-pit Mining by Region
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Mountain Removal Mining by Region
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Underground Mining by Region
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Room & Pillar by Region
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis by Application
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Thermal Power Generation by Region
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Steel Manufacturing by Region
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Cement Manufacturing by Region
• Global Coal Mining Market Analysis in Others by Region
• Global Coal Mining Market by Revenue
• North America Coal Mining Market by Revenue
• Europe Coal Mining Market by Revenue
• Asia Pacific Coal Mining Market by Revenue
• Latin America Coal Mining Market by Revenue
• Middle East & Africa Coal Mining Market by Revenue
• Recent Development in Coal Mining Industry
• Company Market Share Analysis
• Kindly note that the above listed are the basic tables and figures of the report and are not limited to the TOC.