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市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1548151

全球建築黏合劑市場研究報告 - 2024 年至 2032 年產業分析、規模、佔有率、成長、趨勢和預測

Global Construction Adhesives Market Research Report - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2024 to 2032

出版日期: | 出版商: Value Market Research | 英文 178 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

價格

全球建築黏合劑市場需求預計將從2023年的107.9億美元達到2032年近171.6億美元的市場規模,2024-2032年研究期間複合年成長率為5.29%。

建築黏合劑是建築業中使用的專用黏合劑,用於牢固地連接木材、金屬、混凝土和陶瓷。這些黏合劑旨在提供堅固、耐用的黏合,可承受各種應力和環境條件。它們採用不同的配方,包括環氧樹脂、聚氨酯和矽膠,每種配方都具有適合特定應用的獨特性能。這些黏合劑在現代建築項目中至關重要,從組裝結構部件和安裝固定裝置到密封接縫和間隙。它們的多功能性、高強度以及耐潮濕、耐溫度變化和耐化學品的能力,使其對於確保建築工程的完整性和使用壽命至關重要。

市場動態

建築黏合劑市場是由建築業對高效、可靠的黏合解決方案日益成長的需求所推動的。隨著建築項目變得更加複雜,材料更加多樣化,提供牢固、持久的高性能黏合劑至關重要。這些黏合劑對於各種應用至關重要,包括結構黏合、地板安裝和鑲板,使其在現代建築實踐中不可或缺。住宅和商業建築行業的成長為市場帶來了巨大的機會。隨著全球城市化和基礎設施發展的擴大,對建築黏合劑的需求預計將增加。

黏合劑配方的創新,例如提供增強的黏合強度、更快的固化時間和提高對環境因素的抵抗力的配方,透過滿足建築業的新興需求來推動市場成長。技術進步在擴大市場機會方面也發揮著不可或缺的作用。環保和低揮發性有機化合物黏合劑的開發符合日益成長的環境問題和監管要求。這些進步滿足了對永續建築材料和綠色建築實踐日益成長的需求。此外,DIY(自己動手做)專案和家居裝修的興起也促進了市場的成長。隨著越來越多的消費者承擔自己的施工和維修任務,對使用者友好且有效的建築黏合劑的需求不斷增加。然而,原料價格波動和黏合劑配方嚴格的監管標準可能會抑制市場成長。

該報告是利用波特五力模型、市場吸引力分析和價值鏈分析等重要工具創建的,旨在幫助全球企業清晰地應對快速發展的市場中的機會和挑戰。這些工具還提供全球建築黏合劑市場中每個應用/產品領域的詳細資訊。

市場區隔

該研究透過按樹脂類型、技術和應用進行細分,對全球建築黏合劑市場提供了決定性的看法。該報告根據區域細分分析了這些子集。這項研究將使行銷人員為滿足客戶不斷變化的需求做好準備。

依樹脂類型

  • 丙烯酸纖維
  • 聚氨酯
  • 聚醋酸乙烯酯
  • 環氧樹脂
  • 其他
  • 依技術
  • 水性
  • 溶劑型
  • 反應式及其他

按申請

  • 住宅
  • 商業的
  • 工業的
  • 區域分析

此部分涵蓋北美、歐洲、亞太、拉丁美洲、中東和非洲地區的建築黏合劑市場。區域細分是根據全球建築黏合劑市場的當前和未來趨勢以及所有主要區域的各個應用領域進行的。

  • 該研究報告還包括在全球市場營運的主要公司的概況。全球建築黏合劑市場的一些知名企業包括 HB Fuller Company、3M、Sika AG、Dow、Bostik SA、Henkel AG & Co. KGaA、Franklin International Inc、Avery Dennison Corporation、Illinois Tool Works Incorporation、DAP Products Inc ..本節從公司概況、財務概況、業務策略以及預測期間的最新發展等重要面向對主要參與者進行分析。

如果您有任何客製化要求,請寫信給我們。我們的研究團隊可以根據您的需求提供客製化報告。

目錄

第1章:前言

  • 報告說明
    • 客觀的
    • 目標受眾
    • 獨特的銷售主張 (USP) 和產品
  • 研究範圍
  • 研究方法
    • 市場研究過程
    • 市場研究方法論

第 2 章:執行摘要

  • 市場亮點
  • 全球市場概況

第 3 章:建築黏合劑 - 產業分析

  • 簡介 - 市場動態
  • 市場促進因素
  • 市場限制
  • 機會
  • 產業動態
  • 波特五力分析
  • 市場吸引力分析
    • 按樹脂類型分類的市場吸引力分析
    • 按技術分類的市場吸引力分析
    • 市場吸引力分析:依應用分類
    • 市場吸引力分析:按地區

第 4 章:價值鏈分析

  • 價值鏈分析
  • 原料分析
    • 原料清單
    • 原料廠商清單
    • 主要原物料價格走勢
  • 潛在買家名單
  • 行銷管道
    • 直效行銷
    • 間接行銷
    • 行銷通路發展趨勢

第 5 章:全球建築黏合劑市場分析:按樹脂類型

  • 按樹脂類型分類的概述
  • 歷史和預測數據
  • 依樹脂類型分析
  • 丙烯酸纖維
  • 聚氨酯
  • 聚醋酸乙烯酯
  • 環氧樹脂
  • 其他

第 6 章:全球建築黏合劑市場分析:按技術分類

  • 依技術概述
  • 歷史和預測數據
  • 依技術分析
  • 水性
  • 溶劑型
  • 反應式及其他

第 7 章:全球建築黏合劑市場分析:按應用分類

  • 概述:按應用
  • 歷史和預測數據
  • 分析:按應用
  • 住宅
  • 商業的
  • 工業的

第 8 章:全球建築黏合劑市場分析:依地理位置

  • 區域展望
  • 介紹
  • 北美銷售分析
    • 概覽、歷史與預測資料銷售分析
    • 北美按細分市場銷售分析
    • 北美按國家銷售分析
    • 美國銷售分析
    • 加拿大銷售分析
    • 墨西哥銷售分析
  • 歐洲銷售分析
    • 概覽、歷史與預測資料銷售分析
    • 歐洲按細分市場銷售分析
    • 歐洲按國家銷售分析
    • 英國銷售分析
    • 法國銷售分析
    • 德國銷售分析
    • 義大利銷售分析
    • 俄羅斯銷售分析
    • 歐洲其他地區銷售分析
  • 亞太地區銷售分析
    • 概覽、歷史與預測資料銷售分析
    • 亞太地區按細分市場銷售分析
    • 亞太地區國家/地區銷售分析
    • 中國銷售分析
    • 印度銷售分析
    • 日本銷售分析
    • 韓國銷售分析
    • 澳洲銷售分析
    • 東南亞銷售分析
    • 亞太地區其他地區銷售分析
  • 拉丁美洲銷售分析
    • 概覽、歷史與預測資料銷售分析
    • 拉丁美洲按細分市場銷售分析
    • 拉丁美洲按國家銷售分析
    • 巴西銷售分析
    • 阿根廷銷售分析
    • 秘魯銷售分析
    • 智利銷售分析
    • 拉丁美洲其他地區銷售分析
  • 中東和非洲銷售分析
    • 概覽、歷史與預測資料銷售分析
    • 中東和非洲按細分市場銷售分析
    • 中東和非洲國家銷售分析
    • 沙烏地阿拉伯銷售分析
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公國銷售分析
    • 以色列銷售分析
    • 南非銷售分析
    • 中東其他地區和非洲銷售分析

第 9 章:建築黏合劑公司的競爭格局

  • 建築膠合劑市場競爭
  • 夥伴關係/協作/協議
  • 併購
  • 新產品發布
  • 其他發展

第 10 章:公司簡介

  • 公司股份分析
  • 市場集中度
  • HB Fuller Company
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最新動態
  • 3M
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最新動態
  • Sika AG
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最新動態
  • Dow
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最新動態
  • Bostik SA
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最新動態
  • Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最新動態
  • Franklin International Inc.
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最新動態
  • Avery Dennison Corporation
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最新動態
  • Illinois Tool Works Incorporation
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最新動態
  • DAP Products Inc.
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最新動態

注意 - 在公司概況中,財務詳細資訊和近期發展視情況而定,或者如果是私人公司,則可能不包括在內

Product Code: VMR11211221

The global demand for Construction Adhesives Market is presumed to reach the market size of nearly USD 17.16 Billion by 2032 from USD 10.79 Billion in 2023 with a CAGR of 5.29% under the study period 2024 - 2032.

Construction adhesives are specialized bonding agents used in the building and construction industry to securely join wood, metal, concrete, and ceramics. These adhesives are designed to provide strong, durable bonds that withstand various stresses and environmental conditions. They come in different formulations, including epoxy, polyurethane, and silicone, each offering unique properties suited to specific applications. These adhesives are crucial in modern construction projects, from assembling structural components and installing fixtures to sealing joints and gaps. Their versatility, high strength, and resistance to moisture, temperature changes, and chemical exposure make them essential for ensuring the integrity and longevity of construction work.

Market Dynamics

The construction adhesives market is driven by the increasing demand for efficient and reliable bonding solutions in the construction industry. As construction projects become more complex and materials more diverse, high-performance adhesives that provide strong, durable bonds are essential. These adhesives are critical for various applications, including structural bonding, flooring installation, and paneling, making them indispensable in modern building practices. The residential & commercial construction sector's growth presents significant opportunities for the market. As urbanization and infrastructure development expand globally, the demand for construction adhesives is expected to rise.

Innovations in adhesive formulations, such as those offering enhanced bonding strength, faster curing times, and improved resistance to environmental factors, drive market growth by addressing the emerging needs of the construction industry. Technological advancements also play an integral role in expanding market opportunities. The development of eco-friendly & low-VOC adhesives aligns with growing environmental concerns and regulatory requirements. These advancements cater to the increasing demand for sustainable building materials and green construction practices. Additionally, the rise of DIY (do-it-yourself) projects and home renovations contributes to market growth. As more consumers undertake their own construction and repair tasks, the demand for user-friendly and effective construction adhesives increases. However, fluctuating raw material prices & stringent regulatory standards for adhesive formulations can restrain market growth.

The report has been created by using crucial tools such as Porter's Five Forces Model, Market Attractiveness Analysis and Value Chain analysis to help businesses around the globe navigate opportunities and challenges in the rapidly evolving marketplace with clarity. These tools also serve the detailed information of each application/product segment in the global market of construction adhesives.

Market Segmentation

The study offers a decisive view of the global construction adhesives market by segmenting it in terms of resin type, technology, and application. The report analyzes these subsets with respect to the regional segmentation. This research study will prepare marketers for the evolving needs of their customers.

By Resin Type

  • Acrylic
  • Polyurethanes
  • Polyvinyl Acetate
  • Epoxy
  • Others
  • By Technology
  • Water-based
  • Solvent-based
  • Reactive & Others

By Application

  • Residential
  • Commercial
  • Industrial
  • Regional Analysis

This section covers construction adhesives market for the regions North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Regional segmentation has been done based on the present and future trends in the global construction adhesives market along with the individual application segment across all the prominent region.

  • This research report also includes profiles of major companies operating in the global market. Some of the prominent players operating in the global Construction Adhesives market are H.B. Fuller Company, 3M, Sika AG, Dow, Bostik SA, Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Franklin International Inc, Avery Dennison Corporation, Illinois Tool Works Incorporation, DAP Products Inc.. This section cover profiling of major players in terms of important aspects such as company overview, financial overview, business strategy, and recent developments undertaken during the forecast horizon.

In case you have any custom requirements, do write to us. Our research team can offer a customized report as per your need.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 . PREFACE

  • 1.1. Report Description
    • 1.1.1. Objective
    • 1.1.2. Target Audience
    • 1.1.3. Unique Selling Proposition (USP) & offerings
  • 1.2. Research Scope
  • 1.3. Research Methodology
    • 1.3.1. Market Research Process
    • 1.3.2. Market Research Methodology

2 . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 2.1. Highlights of Market
  • 2.2. Global Market Snapshot

3 . CONSTRUCTION ADHESIVES - INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

  • 3.1. Introduction - Market Dynamics
  • 3.2. Market Drivers
  • 3.3. Market Restraints
  • 3.4. Opportunities
  • 3.5. Industry Trends
  • 3.6. Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 3.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis
    • 3.7.1 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Resin Type
    • 3.7.2 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Technology
    • 3.7.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application
    • 3.7.4 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region

4 . VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

  • 4.1. Value Chain Analysis
  • 4.2. Raw Material Analysis
    • 4.2.1. List of Raw Materials
    • 4.2.2. Raw Material Manufactures List
    • 4.2.3. Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  • 4.3. List of Potential Buyers
  • 4.4. Marketing Channel
    • 4.4.1. Direct Marketing
    • 4.4.2. Indirect Marketing
    • 4.4.3. Marketing Channel Development Trend

5 . GLOBAL CONSTRUCTION ADHESIVES MARKET ANALYSIS BY RESIN TYPE

  • 5.1 Overview by Resin Type
  • 5.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 5.3 Analysis by Resin Type
  • 5.4 Acrylic Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 5.5 Polyurethanes Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 5.6 Polyvinyl Acetate Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 5.7 Epoxy Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 5.8 Others Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

6 . GLOBAL CONSTRUCTION ADHESIVES MARKET ANALYSIS BY TECHNOLOGY

  • 6.1 Overview by Technology
  • 6.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 6.3 Analysis by Technology
  • 6.4 Water-based Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 6.5 Solvent-based Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 6.6 Reactive & Others Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

7 . GLOBAL CONSTRUCTION ADHESIVES MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

  • 7.1 Overview by Application
  • 7.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 7.3 Analysis by Application
  • 7.4 Residential Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 7.5 Commercial Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 7.6 Industrial Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

8 . GLOBAL CONSTRUCTION ADHESIVES MARKET ANALYSIS BY GEOGRAPHY

  • 8.1. Regional Outlook
  • 8.2. Introduction
  • 8.3. North America Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.2. North America By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.3. North America By Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.4. United State Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.5. Canada Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.6. Mexico Sales Analysis
  • 8.4. Europe Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.2. Europe by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.3. Europe by Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.4. United Kingdom Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.5. France Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.6. Germany Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.7. Italy Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.8. Russia Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.9. Rest Of Europe Sales Analysis
  • 8.5. Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.2. Asia Pacific by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.3. Asia Pacific by Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.4. China Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.5. India Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.6. Japan Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.7. South Korea Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.8. Australia Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.9. South East Asia Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.10. Rest Of Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
  • 8.6. Latin America Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.2. Latin America by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.3. Latin America by Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.4. Brazil Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.5. Argentina Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.6. Peru Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.7. Chile Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.8. Rest of Latin America Sales Analysis
  • 8.7. Middle East & Africa Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.2. Middle East & Africa by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.3. Middle East & Africa by Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.4. Saudi Arabia Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.5. UAE Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.6. Israel Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.7. South Africa Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.8. Rest Of Middle East And Africa Sales Analysis

9 . COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE OF THE CONSTRUCTION ADHESIVES COMPANIES

  • 9.1. Construction Adhesives Market Competition
  • 9.2. Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • 9.3. Merger And Acquisitions
  • 9.4. New Product Launch
  • 9.5. Other Developments

10 . COMPANY PROFILES OF CONSTRUCTION ADHESIVES INDUSTRY

  • 10.1. Company Share Analysis
  • 10.2. Market Concentration Rate
  • 10.3. H.B. Fuller Company
    • 10.3.1. Company Overview
    • 10.3.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.3.3. Products
    • 10.3.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.4. 3M
    • 10.4.1. Company Overview
    • 10.4.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.4.3. Products
    • 10.4.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.5. Sika AG
    • 10.5.1. Company Overview
    • 10.5.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.5.3. Products
    • 10.5.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.6. Dow
    • 10.6.1. Company Overview
    • 10.6.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.6.3. Products
    • 10.6.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.7. Bostik SA
    • 10.7.1. Company Overview
    • 10.7.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.7.3. Products
    • 10.7.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.8. Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
    • 10.8.1. Company Overview
    • 10.8.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.8.3. Products
    • 10.8.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.9. Franklin International Inc.
    • 10.9.1. Company Overview
    • 10.9.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.9.3. Products
    • 10.9.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.10. Avery Dennison Corporation
    • 10.10.1. Company Overview
    • 10.10.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.10.3. Products
    • 10.10.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.11. Illinois Tool Works Incorporation
    • 10.11.1. Company Overview
    • 10.11.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.11.3. Products
    • 10.11.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.12. DAP Products Inc.
    • 10.12.1. Company Overview
    • 10.12.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.12.3. Products
    • 10.12.4. Recent Developments

Note - in company profiling, financial details and recent development are subject to availability or might not be covered in case of private companies

LIST OF TABLES

  • Market Snapshot
  • Drivers : Impact Analysis
  • Restraints : Impact Analysis
  • List of Raw Material
  • List of Raw Material Manufactures
  • List of Potential Buyers
  • Analysis by Resin Type (USD MN)
  • Acrylic Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Polyurethanes Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Polyvinyl Acetate Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Epoxy Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis Market by Technology (USD MN)
  • Water-based Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Solvent-based Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Reactive & Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis by Application (USD MN)
  • Residential Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Commercial Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Industrial Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Construction Adhesives Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • North America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • United State Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Canada Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Mexico Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Estimate by Country (USD MN)
  • United Kingdom Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • France Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Germany Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Italy Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Russia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Spain Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • China Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Japan Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • India Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Korea Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Australia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South East Asia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Brazil Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Argentina Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Peru Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Chile Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Saudi Arabia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • UAE Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Israel Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Middle East and Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • Mergers And Acquisition

LIST OF FIGURES

  • Research Scope of Construction Adhesives Report
  • Market Research Process
  • Market Research Methodology
  • Global Construction Adhesives Market Size, by Region (USD MN)
  • Porters Five Forces Analysis
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Resin Type
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Technology
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Application
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region
  • Value Chain Analysis
  • Global Market Analysis by Resin Type (USD MN)
  • Acrylic Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Polyurethanes Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Polyvinyl Acetate Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Epoxy Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by Technology (USD MN)
  • Water-based Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Solvent-based Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Reactive & Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by Application (USD MN)
  • Residential Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Commercial Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Industrial Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Sales (USD MN)
  • North America Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Recent Development in Industry
  • Top Company Market Share Analysis

Kindly note that the above listed are the basic tables and figures of the report and are not limited to the TOC.