查看購物車
  • Simplified Chinese
  • English
  • Japanese
  • Korean
6G通訊：光學、光電、航太材料和元件市場（2025-2045）
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1533185

6G通訊：光學、光電、航太材料和元件市場（2025-2045）

6G Communications: Optical, Optronics and Aerospace Materials and Devices Markets 2025-2045
出版日期: | 出版商: Zhar Research | 英文 367 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

價格
簡介目錄

6G 通訊將始終使用高達 300GHz 的頻率，但需要採用光學器件才能取得商業成功。這是因為它需要在許多地方可用，包括航空航天、陸地（包括室內）和水下。大多數這些地點都無法透過電纜到達，無線電頻率很少達到也無法接近 1Tbps。因此，增加紅外線和可見光通訊將非常重要，並且射頻基礎設施將變得越來越光學透明。增強或重新導向訊號的 6G 智慧窗戶和透明建築立面不會因美觀原因而被拒絕，而最好的 6G RIS 則提供光學透明度，可增強或重新導向各個方向的訊號。

6G 基礎設施變得越來越偏遠、數量眾多、昂貴、耗電且炎熱，包括衛星、無人機和島嶼。因此，安裝後可以保留的自發電和自冷卻功能對於基礎設施和客戶端設備都極為重要。

章節架構： 8
SWOT 評級： 18
2045年以前的預測線： 25
主要結論： 21
新資訊圖表： 27
公司： 112
頁數： 367

本報告調查了6G通訊光學、光電和航空航天材料和裝置市場，提供6G傳輸、冷卻和私人發電中近紅外線/可見光材料和裝置在的重要性，以及航空航天材料和硬體中6G的機會，6G材料和硬體的路線圖，6G材料和硬體市場的預測，各種技術的研究、進展和前景總結。

目錄

第1章 執行摘要/結論

  • 調查方法
  • 主要結論：為什麼6G只有大規模部署光技術才能成功
  • 6G傳輸、冷卻、自發電不可或缺的近紅外線/可見光材料和裝置
  • 光學材料和裝置對於 6G 的成功非常重要
  • 用於6G通訊的光學材料的化合物和碳同素異形體：近期研究進展水準排名
  • 主要結論：航空航太材料與硬體領域的 6G 機會
  • 6G 航空太空船 - 7 種變速箱選項
  • 主要結論：6G光無線通訊OWC
  • OWC應用於6G的SWOT評估
  • 6G VLC 的 SWOT 評估
  • 主要結論：超越訊號處理的 6G 光學材料
  • 按主題和技術成熟度劃分的固體冷卻研究管道
  • 透過能量收集選項滿足 6G 手機、平板電腦、主動 RIS 和 UM MIMO 基地台日益成長的功率需求
  • 6G材料與硬體路線圖
  • 6G材料與硬體市場預測：~2045年

第2章 簡介

  • 顯示光學技術的概述和狀態資訊圖
  • 6G第一階段：逐步成長
  • 6G第二階段：令人困惑且極為困難
  • 6G 材料需求和工具包顯示了許多光學功能的重要性
  • 補充6G頻率選擇
  • 6G RIS 的演進
  • 6G基地台的演進
  • 6G材料/設備製造商範例

第3章 6G衛星通訊與HAPS通信，低空無人機6G

  • 摘要
  • 6G-NTN：考慮將地面和非地面組件整合到6G中
  • 6G航空航太平台比較
  • 空中6G基地台 "天空之塔" 研究
  • HAPS 以及其他 6G 通訊和感測的最新趨勢
  • 6G等通訊相關無人機研究：2024年48篇論文綜述
  • 透過衛星實現 6G 的進展：
  • 有可能引進地面 6G 和低空太陽能來支援無人機服務以及其他無人機的 6G

第4章 6G OWC（光無線通訊）

  • 定義/優點/範例
  • 用於 6G 通訊的 OWC
  • 5G FSO 的經驗教訓
  • 包括 6G 在內的 OWC 研究進展：2024年
  • OWC 組件及其材料
  • 32 家 FSO 硬體和系統供應商的範例和國家分析

第5章 VLC（可見光通訊）：航空航太、地面、水下

  • 改變人們對 VLC 基礎知識及其在 6G 中的重要性的看法
    • 競爭地位與潛在用途
    • 6G 的重要性
  • VLC 格式
    • 摘要
    • LiFi
    • 互動式 iVLC
    • 組織光通信
  • VLC技術的進展與展望
    • 過去參數的改進
    • 混合系統
    • VLC光源的成就與現實目標
    • VLC 接收器的成就與現實目標
    • 2024年的干擾管理
    • 2024年發射式太陽能聚光器的使用
    • 2024室內VLC系統優化
    • MIMO VLC 進展：2024年
  • 水下 6G 通訊：VLC 現況、進展與替代方案
    • 摘要
    • 2024年的主要進展
    • 水下無線通訊技術比較
  • 6G VLC 的一般建議
  • 6G VLC 的 SWOT 評估

第6章 ORIS：增強近紅外線和可見頻率傳播路徑的 6G ORIS 硬體和系統設計

  • 摘要
  • ORIS：室內、室外、水下
  • 優先考慮研究和企業發展
  • 近紅外線與可見光 ORIS 及相關設備設計概述
  • 用於遠紅外線太赫茲、近紅外線和可見頻率的 RIS 調諧的材料和裝置
    • 資訊圖表：RIS 特性、調整標準、物理原理、啟動選項
    • 6G RIS 調諧材料的優點與挑戰比較
    • 在 6G RIS 研究中獲勝的 RIS 調諧材料比較
    • 液晶ORIS研究範例
    • 其他超材料 ORIS 材料和設計
    • 對 225 篇近期研究論文和企業活動的分析
  • 推進近紅外線和可見光 ORIS 及相關設備設計：2024年
  • ORIS 應對的挑戰
  • 空氣中的衰減如何互補
  • 平流層及其他地區通訊的一部分
  • ORIS 系統技術與架構：2024年進展

第7章 6G 0.3THz 至可見光 6G 傳輸的電介質、光學材料和半導體

  • 摘要
  • 降低風險和衍射光學元件 DOE 的範例
  • 電介質
  • 為 6G 光電選擇半導體和具競爭力的材料
  • 太赫茲波導電纜和小型單元
  • 6G近紅外線光纖的未來

第8章 用於 6G 基礎設施和客戶端設備的新型光學冷卻和太陽能板載電源

  • 用於 6G 基礎設施和設備的新一代固態冷卻技術
  • 為客戶端設備提供自供電 6G 基礎設施和太陽能發電
簡介目錄

Summary

6G Communications will always use frequencies up to 300GHz but, to succeed commercially, it must strongly adopt optical equipment. Reasons include the need to be far more available - in aerospace, on land, including indoors, and underwater - without defaulting to mere GHz performance. You cannot run cables to most of that, radio frequencies cannot reach much of that and the promised 1Tbps cannot be approached. Consequently infrared and visible light communication must be added. Indeed, RF infrastructure will increasingly become optically transparent - invisible. The 6G smart window and transparent building facade boosting and redirecting the signals do not get rejected for ugliness. Indeed, the best 6G reconfigurable intelligent surfaces have all-round reach enabled by optical transparency.

6G infrastructure will increasingly be more remote (satellites, drones, islands), numerous, expensive and power-hungry meaning hotter. Fit-and-forget self-powering and self-cooling of both infrastructure and client devices become very important. That photovoltaics and solid-state cooling also involves manipulation of infrared and visible light. Next generation fiber optics and maybe far infrared THz cables now being researched will be the 6G intermediaries - more optics. Aerospace technology optically provides both reach and customers. Time for a report on both. This is it. The 369 page, commercially oriented report, "6G Communications: Optical, Optronics and Aerospace Materials and Devices Markets 2025-2045" has it all. Vitally, that includes the flood of research breakthroughs and changes of strategy through 2024.

   Chapters:8
   SWOT appraisals:18
   Forecast lines to 2045:25
   Key conclusions:21
   New Infograms:27
   Companies:112
   Pages:367

The Executive Summary and Conclusions takes 33 pages to present the total picture including the roadmaps and 26 forecast lines. Infograms and comparison tables make it an easy read. The 38-page Introduction then explains how 6G will start with incremental improvement but a difficult, disruptive Phase Two will be essential to fully deliver on the promises and paybacks. Learn how this strongly introduces optics. See many of the manufacturers getting involved, some latest advances and an initial taster of your materials and device opportunities emerging.

The rest of the report consists of one chapter on aerospace 6G, four chapters on optical communication being prepared for 6G, and finally a chapter on that essential photovoltaics and optronic solid state cooling for both 6G infrastructure and client devices.

Chapter 3, "6G satellite and HAPS communication and 6G for low-level drones" is 46 pages. It includes new low-level solar drones announced in 2024 and use of 6G to manage drones. It strongly investigates high-altitude pseudo satellite HAPS, drones and dirigibles, aloft for years on advanced photovoltaic power. At least in part, they will use optical communication to vastly extend 6G reach. They hold position, reposition to serve disaster areas and to get around weather when signalling to Earth. They even land for repair and repurposing and they beat the cost, latency and Doppler challenges of Low Earth Orbit LEO satellites that are also key for ubiquitous 6G and are covered here. Learn about HAPS acting as both base stations and relays.

Chapters 4 and 5 respectively cover the overall picture of optical wireless communications then the subset of visible light communications. Chapter 4. "6G Optical Wireless Communication OWC" (40 pages) concentrates mainly on issues, progress in 2024, materials and devices. Learn how, across space, many optical frequencies can be used, certainly far infrared to visible, but, through air, such as satellite and HAPS to Earth communications, near infrared is currently favoured for high bit rate. Can LiFi succeed for streetlights and indoors, forming a part of 6G?

Chapter 5, "Visible Light Communication VLC: aerospace, terrestrial, underwater" is 39 pages. For example, it reports new advances in underwater high data rate communication where it is visible light that penetrates best with several hundred meters now in prospect.

Chapter 6, "Optical reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: 6G ORIS hardware and system design enhancing the propagation path at infrared and visible frequencies" (47 pages) Learn here of much research on Far IR THz RIS and far more on Near IR/visible but the analysis shows too little focus on hardware aspects of ORIS overall. See how much of the visible light work involves moving micro-mirror arrays, particularly that in 2024. However, the superior life, reliability and functionality of solid-state options described is essential. Enjoy much analysis of the tuning materials.

Chapter 7, "Dielectrics, optical materials, semiconductors for 6G 0.3THz to visible light 6G transmission" needs 75 pages. This is because it is a deep dive into low loss dielectrics, semiconductors and alternatives in optical transmission but also the optical hardware intermediary options meaning next generation fiber optic cable materials and the new work on Far IR THz waveguides even as cables.

The report closes with 33 pages of Chapter 8, "New photonic cooling and photovoltaic on-board power for 6G infrastructure and client devices". The optronic cooling choices here include passive daylight radiative cooling PDRC, Janus and Anti-Stokes. Observe how the appropriate photovoltaics is moving to triple and quadruple junctions, sometimes bifacial and certainly ultra-light weight. The emerging materials and likely progress are closely assessed.

Overall, the essential report, "6G Communications: Optical, Optronics and Aerospace Materials and Devices Markets 2025-2045" provides PhD level analysis and a great deal of further reading and insights from 2024. It is particularly focussed on your materials, device and systems opportunities emerging as all these optical needs arrive, optically providing transmission, detection, wider reach, power, and cooling.

CAPTION 6G fully passive transparent metamaterial reflect-array market $ billion 2029-2045. Source: "6G Communications: Optical, Optronics and Aerospace Materials and Devices Markets 2025-2045".

Table of Contents

1. Executive summary and conclusions

  • 1.1. Methodology of this analysis
  • 1.2. Key conclusions: Why 6G can only succeed by massive adoption of optics
  • 1.3. Near IR/ visible light materials and devices essential for 6G transmission, cooling and self-powering
  • 1.4. How optical materials and devices are essential for 6G success
  • 1.5. Ranking of number of recent research advances by compound and carbon allotrope for optical materials useful in 6G Communications
  • 1.6. Key conclusions: 6G opportunities for aerospace materials and hardware
  • 1.7. Aerospace vehicles for 6G - transmission options for 7 types
  • 1.8. Key conclusions: Optical wireless communication OWC for 6G
  • 1.9. SWOT appraisal of OWC as applied to 6G
  • 1.10. SWOT appraisal of VLC for 6G
  • 1.11. Key conclusions: 6G optical materials beyond signal handling
  • 1.12. Research pipeline of solid-state cooling by topic and technology readiness level
  • 1.13. Increased 6G mobile phone, tablet, active RIS and UM MIMO base station power demands matched to energy harvesting options
  • 1.14. Roadmaps of 6G materials and hardware 2025-2045
  • 1.15. Market forecasts for 6G materials and hardware to 2045 in 15 lines and graphs
    • 1.15.1. Market for 6G vs 5G base stations units millions yearly 2024-2045
    • 1.15.2. Market for 6G base stations market value $bn if successful 2025-2045
    • 1.15.3. 6G RIS value market $ billion: active and three semi-passive categories 2029-2045: table, graphs
    • 1.15.4. 6G fully passive transparent metamaterial reflect-array market $ billion 2029-2045
    • 1.15.5. 6G added value materials value market by segment: Thermal, Low Loss, Other 2028-2045
    • 1.15.6. 6G infrastructure/ client device market for materials manipulating IR and visible light: four categories $ billion 2029-2045
    • 1.15.7. Smartphone billion units sold globally 2023-2045 if 6G is successful
    • 1.15.8. Fiber optic cable market global with possible 6G impact $billion 2025-2045
    • 1.15.9. Indium phosphide semiconductor market global with possible 6G impact $billion 2025-2045
    • 1.15.10. Global metamaterial and metasurface market billion square meters 2025-2045
    • 1.15.11. Terahertz hardware market excluding 6G $ billion globally 2025-2045

2. Introduction

  • 2.1. Overview and landscape infogram showing optics technology
  • 2.2. 6G Phase One will be incremental
    • 2.2.1. Overview
    • 2.2.2. New needs, 5G inadequacies, massive overlap 4G, 5G, 6G
  • 2.3 6G Phase Two will be disruptive and extremely difficult
    • 2.3.1. Overview
    • 2.3.2. Some objectives of 6G mostly not achievable at start
    • 2.3.3. View of a Japanese MNO heavily involved in hardware
    • 2.3.4. ITU proposals and 3GPP initiatives also go far beyond what is achievable at start
    • 2.3.5. Ultimate objectives and perceptions of those most heavily investing in 6G
  • 2.4. Some 6G material needs and toolkit showing importance of many optical functions
  • 2.5. Choosing complementary 6G frequencies
    • 2.5.1. Overview
    • 2.5.2. How attenuation in air by frequency and type 0.1THz to visible is complementary
    • 2.5.3. Infogram: The Terahertz Gap and optics demands 6G RIS tuning materials and devices different from 5G
    • 2.5.4. Spectrum for 6G Phase One and Two in context of current general use of spectrum
    • 2.5.5. Essential frequencies for 6G success and some hardware resulting
  • 2.6. Evolution of 6G reconfigurable intelligent surfaces RIS
    • 2.6.1. Multifunctional and using many optical technologies
    • 2.6.2. Infogram: RIS specificity, tuning criteria, physical principles, activation options
    • 2.6.3. 6G RIS tuning material benefits and challenges compared
    • 2.6.4. RIS will become zero energy devices and they will enable ZED client devices
    • 2.6.5. Examples of 2024 research advances with far infrared THz RIS
    • 2.6.6. 6G RIS SWOT appraisal
  • 2.7. Evolution of 6G base stations
    • 2.7.1. Trend to use more optical technology
    • 2.7.2. 6G Self-powered ultra-massive UM-MIMO base station design
  • 2.8. Examples of manufacturers of 6G materials and equipment
    • 2.8.1. Across the landscape infogram
    • 2.8.2. Mapped across the globe

3. 6G satellite and HAPS communication and 6G for low-level drones

  • 3.1. Overview
  • 3.2. 6G-NTN examines integration of terrestrial and non-terrestrial components into 6G
  • 3.3. Aerospace platforms for 6G compared
  • 3.4. Aerial 6G base station research "tower in the sky"
  • 3.5. Latest advances in HAPS for 6G and other communication and sensing
    • 3.5.1. SWOT appraisal of HAPS as a 6G aerospace platform
    • 3.5.2. HAPS for 6G Networks: Potential Use Cases, Open Challenges, Possible Solutions
    • 3.5.3. HAPS Alliance progressing HAPS communication
    • 3.5.4. AVIC China Caihong (Rainbow) CH-T4
    • 3.5.5. AALTO HAPS UK, Germany, France
    • 3.5.6. BAE Systems Prismatic UK PHASA-35
    • 3.5.7. EuroHAPS, CIRA, ESG, TAO Europe
    • 3.5.8. Softbank Japan HAPS communication research in 2024
    • 3.5.9. Thales Alenia Space France Italy Stratobus
  • 3.6. Research on UAV involved in 6G and other communication: 48 papers from 2024 examined
  • 3.7. Progress towards 6G with satellites: relevant advances in 2024
    • 3.7.1. Overview
    • 3.7.2. SpaceX Starlink and Omnispace objection
    • 3.7.3. Research through 2024: 13 papers examined
  • 3.8. Terrestrial 6G aiding drone services and low level solar and other drones potentially deploying 6G announced in 2024
    • 3.8.1. Company initiatives in 2024 and new research
    • 3.8.2. Artificial Intelligence Reflective Surface AIRS enhancing drone management
    • 3.8.3. Three 2024 research advances in potential collaboration between 6G terrestrial base stations and aerial RIS
    • 3.8.4. 2024 breakthroughs in low-level solar drones
    • 3.8.5. 44 other relevant research advances announced in 2024

4. 6G Optical Wireless Communication OWC

  • 4.1. Definitions, justification, examples
    • 4.1.1. Context
    • 4.1.2. Definitions and scope of OWC and its subsets
    • 4.1.3. Infogram: Potential 6G transmission systems using OWC
    • 4.1.4. FSO attenuation in air: physics, issues and solutions
    • 4.1.5 Actual and emerging applications of OWC before 6G arrives
    • 4.1.6. Recent example of FSO inter-space/ stratosphere
    • 4.1.7. Other emerging OWC applications
    • 4.1.8. Infrared IR, visible light VL and ultraviolet UV for 6G in air: issues and parameters
  • 4.2. OWC for 6G Communications
    • 4.2.1. Most promising frequencies
    • 4.2.2. Massively heterogeneous
    • 4.2.3. Non-coherent vs coherent
    • 4.2.4. Importance of FSOC for 6G by location and interconnect
    • 4.2.5. SWOT appraisal of OWC as applied to 6G
  • 4.3. Lessons from 5G FSO
  • 4.4. OWC research advances in 2024 including those oriented to 6G
  • 4.5. OWC components and their materials
  • 4.6. 32 examples of suppliers of FSO hardware and systems with country analysis

5. Visible Light Communication VLC: aerospace, terrestrial, underwater

  • 5.1. VLC basics and changing views on its relevance to 6G
    • 5.1.1. Competitive position and potential applications
    • 5.1.2. Relevance to 6G
  • 5.2. Forms of VLC
    • 5.2.1. Overview
    • 5.2.2. LiFi
    • 5.2.4. Interactive iVLC
    • 5.2.5. Through the tissue optical communications
  • 5.3. VLC technological progress and prospects
    • 5.3.1. Past improvement of parameters
    • 5.3.2. Hybrid systems
    • 5.3.3. Achievements and realistic objectives for VLC light sources
    • 5.3.3. Achievements and realistic objectives for VLC receivers
    • 5.3.4. Interference management in 2024
    • 5.3.5. Use of luminescent solar concentrators in 2024
    • 5.3.6. Indoor VLC system optimisation in 2024
    • 5.3.6. MIMO VLC advances in 2024
  • 5.4. Underwater 6G Communication: VLC situation and progress vs alternatives
    • 5.4.1. Overview
    • 5.4.2. Major advances in 2024
    • 5.4.3. Comparison of underwater wireless communication technologies
  • 5.5. General recommendations concerning 6G VLC
  • 5.6. SWOT appraisal of VLC for 6G

6. Optical reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: 6G ORIS hardware and system design enhancing the propagation path at near infrared and visible frequencies

  • 6.1. Overview
  • 6.2. ORIS indoor, outdoor and underwater
  • 6.3. Prioritisation of research and company development are inappropriate; analysis
  • 6.4. Overview of near-infrared and visible light ORIS and allied device design
    • 6.4.1. How metasurface RIS hardware operates
    • 6.4.2. Basic RIS and its potential capabilities
    • 6.4.3. Metamaterial ORIS for 6G Communication
  • 6.5. Materials and devices for RIS tuning at Far IR THz, Near IR and visible light frequencies
    • 6.5.1. Infogram: RIS specificity, tuning criteria, physical principles, activation options
    • 6.5.2. 6G RIS tuning material benefits and challenges compared
    • 6.5.3. Comparison of RIS tuning materials winning in 6G RIS-related research
    • 6.5.4. Examples of liquid crystal ORIS research
    • 6.5.5. Other metamaterial ORIS materials and designs
    • 6.5.6. Analysis of 225 recent research papers and company activity
  • 6.6. Near-infrared and visible light ORIS and allied device design with advances in 2024
  • 6.7. Challenges addressed by ORIS
  • 6.8. How attenuation in air by frequency and type 0.1THz to visible is complementary
  • 6.9. Part of stratospheric communications and beyond
  • 6.10. ORIS system technologies and architectures: progress through 2024

7. Dielectrics, optical materials and semiconductors for 6G 0.3THz to visible light 6G transmission

  • 7.1. Overview
  • 7.2. Derisking and example Diffractive Optical Elements DOE
  • 7.3. Dielectrics
    • 7.3.1. Overview
    • 7.3.2. Dielectric requirements at 6G far IR, near IR and visible light frequencies with examples
    • 7.3.3. Low loss and allied materials for RIS by popularity in research
    • 7.3.4. Different dielectrics from 5G to 6G: better parameters, lower costs, larger areas
    • 7.3.5. SWOT appraisal of low-loss dielectrics for 6G infrastructure and client devices
    • 7.3.6. Dielectric optimisation for 6G in four tables and infograms
    • 7.3.7. Example: Development of advanced polyimide dielectrics
    • 7.3.8. The quest for high and low permittivity 6G low loss materials
    • 7.3.9. Permittivity 0.1-1THz for 19 low loss compounds simplified
    • 7.3.10. Dissipation factor optimisation across THz frequency for 19 material families
    • 7.3.11. Examples of research in 2024
    • 7.3.12. Seeking THz low loss through composites and porosity
    • 7.3.13. Special case: high resistivity silicon for 6G at 1THz
  • 7.4. Semiconductor and competitive material choices for 6G optronics beyond earlier coverage
    • 7.4.1. Overview
    • 7.4.2. Status of 11 semiconductor and active layer candidates
    • 7.4.3. Liquid crystal adopting many more 6G optronic roles: advantages, challenges
    • 7.4.4. Vanadium dioxide adopting many more 6G optronic roles: advantages, challenges
  • 7.5. Terahertz waveguide cables and small units
    • 7.5.1. Need, and state of play
    • 7.5.2. Advances in THz waveguides in 2025 (pre-publication), 2024 and 2023
    • 7.5.3. Design and materials of 6G waveguide cables including fluoropolymers and polypropylenes
    • 7.5.4. THz waveguides from InAs, GaP, sapphire etc. for boosting emitters, sensing etc.
    • 7.5.5. Manufacturing polymer THz cable in long reels
    • 7.5.6. THz waveguide gratings etched on metal-wires
    • 7.5.7. SWOT appraisal of terahertz cable waveguides in 6G systems
  • 7.6. Future near IR fiber optics for 6G
    • 7.6.1. 5G experience
    • 7.6.2. Fundamental types
    • 7.6.3. Vulnerability of fiber optic cable: Serious attacks occurring
    • 7.6.4. Limiting use of the fiber and its electronics to save cost
    • 7.6.5. Fiber optic cable design and materials
    • 7.6.6. SWOT appraisal of fiber optics in 6G system design

8. New photonic cooling and photovoltaic on-board power for 6G infrastructure and client devices

  • 8.1. Next technologies for solid-state cooling 6G infrastructure and devices
    • 8.1.1. Overview
    • 8.1.2. Infogram: Cooling toolkit with 6 optical and part-optical technologies for 6G starred
    • 8.1.3. 2024 research announcing new multifunctional composites providing cooling by manipulating near IR, mid IR and visible light
    • 8.1.4. Research pipeline of solid-state cooling by topic and technology readiness level
    • 8.1.5. The most needed compounds for future solid-state cooling from 211 recent researches
    • 8.1.6. Eight SWOT appraisals for solid-state cooling in general and seven emerging versions
    • 8.1.7. Thermoelectric temperature control materials for 6G chips, lasers with SWOT appraisal
  • 8.2. Photovoltaics for self-powered 6G infrastructure and client devices
    • 8.2.1. Overview
    • 8.2.2. Increased 6G mobile phone, tablet, active RIS and UM MIMO base station power demands matched to energy harvesting options
    • 8.2.3. Best photovoltaic research efficiencies trend to 2025
    • 8.2.4. 2024 proposal of "Perpetual" 6G RIS using energy harvesting
    • 8.2.5. 2024: 23 examples of new tandem and triple junction photovoltaics and allied research advances suitable for 6G
    • 8.2.6. Prospect of doubling the power per unit area of photovoltaics for 6G infrastructure and clint devices