查看購物車
  • Simplified Chinese
  • English
  • Japanese
  • Korean
全球生物燃料與合成燃料市場 (eFuel) (2025-2035)
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1564669

全球生物燃料與合成燃料市場 (eFuel) (2025-2035)

The Global Market for Biofuels and EFuels 2025-2035
出版日期: | 出版商: Future Markets, Inc. | 英文 446 Pages, 147 Tables, 110 Figures | 訂單完成後即時交付

價格

源自再生生物質資源的生物燃料在市場上佔有很大佔有率，其中乙醇和生質柴油處於領先地位。這些傳統生物燃料受惠於政府的支持性政策和指令，特別是在美國、巴西和歐盟 (EU)。然而，糧食安全和土地利用問題正在促使人們轉向利用非糧食材料和廢棄物生產的先進生物燃料。合成燃料（也稱為 eFuels 或 Power-to-X 燃料）正在成為生物燃料的一種有前景的補充，具有提供碳中和液體燃料的潛力。透過將綠氫和捕獲的二氧化碳結合製成的合成燃料提供了一種以適合現有基礎設施和引擎的方式儲存可再生電力的方法。

生物燃料和合成燃料市場都是由多種因素複雜的相互作用形成的，包括技術進步、政策支持和不斷變化的消費者偏好。尤其是航空業已成為永續燃料採用的關鍵驅動力，永續航空燃料（SAF）成為航空公司和燃料製造商等的焦點。隨著生產規模的擴大和成本的下降，我們預計這些永續燃料將在長途運輸和重工業等難以脫碳的產業中發揮越來越重要的作用。

本報告審視了全球生物燃料和合成燃料 (eFuel) 市場，包括生物燃料類型和技術、原料分析、合成燃料生產路線和市場課題以及 230 多家公司的概況等。

目錄

第1章 調查手法

第2章 摘要整理

  • 脫碳
  • 與化石燃料的比較
  • 在循環經濟中的作用
  • 政府政策
  • 市場推動因素
  • 市場課題
  • 液體生物燃料市場
  • 生物燃料的永續性

第3章 產業發展(2022年～2024年)

第4章 生質燃料

  • 概要
  • 全球生質燃料市場
  • SWOT分析:生質燃料市場
  • 生質燃料成本的比較:各類型(2024年)
  • 類型
  • 煉油廠
  • 原料

第5章 烴生質燃料

  • 生質柴油
  • 可再生柴油
  • 永續的航空燃料(SAF)
  • 生物石腦油

第6章 酒精燃料

  • 生物甲醇
  • 生質乙醇
  • 生物丁醇

第7章 生物質來歷的天然氣(氣體)

  • 原料
  • 生物合成氣
  • 生物氫
  • 沼氣生產的生物炭
  • 生物DME

第8章 面向生質燃料化學回收

  • 塑膠的熱解
  • 使用後輪胎的熱解
  • 生物質和塑膠廢棄物的共熱解
  • 氣化
  • 水熱解
  • SWOT分析

第9章 合成燃料(eFuel)

  • 簡介
  • 綠色氫
  • CO2回收
  • 合成氣生產
  • e沼氣
  • e甲醇
  • SWOT分析
  • 生產
  • 電解槽
  • 價格
  • 市場課題
  • 企業

第10章 藻類來歷的生質燃料

  • 技術描述
  • 二氧化碳回收與利用
  • 轉換路徑
  • SWOT分析
  • 生產
  • 市場課題
  • 價格
  • 製造商

第11章 綠色氨

  • 生產
  • 綠色氨的合成方法
  • SWOT分析
  • 藍氨
  • 市場與應用
  • 價格
  • 預期市場需求
  • 公司和項目

第12章 碳回收來歷的生質燃料

  • 摘要
  • 從點源回收二氧化碳
  • 生產路線
  • SWOT分析
  • 直接空氣捕獲 (DAC)
  • 使用碳生產生質燃料

第13章 生質油(熱解油)

  • 概要
  • 生產
  • 熱解反應器
  • SWOT分析
  • 用途
  • 生質油廠商
  • 價格

第14章 廢棄物固態燃料(RDF)

  • 概要
  • 生產
  • 市場

第15章 企業簡介(238公司的簡介)

第16章 參考文獻

Biofuels, derived from renewable biomass sources, have established a significant presence in the market, with ethanol and biodiesel leading the way. These conventional biofuels have benefited from supportive government policies and mandates, particularly in the United States, Brazil, and the European Union. However, concerns about food security and land use have prompted a shift towards advanced biofuels produced from non-food feedstocks and waste materials. Emerging as a promising complement to biofuels, e-fuels (also known as synthetic fuels or power-to-X fuels) are gaining attention for their potential to provide carbon-neutral liquid fuels. Produced by combining green hydrogen with captured carbon dioxide, e-fuels offer a way to store renewable electricity in a form compatible with existing infrastructure and engines.

The market for both biofuels and e-fuels is being shaped by a complex interplay of factors including technological advancements, policy support, and shifting consumer preferences. The aviation sector, in particular, is emerging as a key driver for sustainable fuel adoption, with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) becoming a focus for airlines and fuel producers alike. As production scales up and costs decrease, these sustainable fuels are expected to play an increasingly important role in decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors like long-distance transport and heavy industry.

This comprehensive market report provides an in-depth analysis of the global biofuels and e-fuels markets, covering the crucial period from 2025 to 2035. As the world seeks to decarbonize the transportation sector and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, biofuels and e-fuels are emerging as key players in the transition to sustainable energy.

Report contents include:

  • Role of biofuels and e-fuels in decarbonization efforts, their comparison to fossil fuels, and their place in the circular economy. Analysis of government policies, market drivers, and challenges shaping the industry.
  • Comprehensive market forecasts for liquid biofuels from 2020 to 2035, broken down by type and production.
  • Sustainability aspects of biofuels, addressing concerns about land use, food security, and lifecycle emissions.
  • Key industry developments from 2022 to 2024, providing insight into recent technological advancements, policy changes, and market trends.
  • Biofuel Types and Technologies: Detailed analysis of various biofuel types, including solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels, as well as conventional and advanced biofuels. The report covers production processes, feedstocks, and emerging technologies.
  • Feedstock Analysis: biofuel feedstocks, from first-generation crops to advanced feedstocks like algae and waste materials. The report includes SWOT analyses for different feedstock categories.
  • Hydrocarbon Biofuels: biodiesel, renewable diesel, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), and bio-naphtha, including production processes, market trends, and key players.
  • lcohol Fuels: biomethanol, bioethanol, and biobutanol markets, including production pathways, applications, and market forecasts.
  • Biomass-Based Gas: biogas, biomethane, biosyngas, and biohydrogen, including feedstocks, production processes, and market applications.
  • Chemical Recycling for Biofuels: emerging technologies for converting plastic waste and used tires into biofuels, including pyrolysis and gasification processes.
  • E-Fuels: electrofuels (e-fuels), covering production pathways, market challenges, and key players in this emerging sector.
  • Algae-Derived Biofuels: potential for algae-based biofuels, including production pathways, market challenges, and key players.
  • Green Ammonia: green ammonia as a potential energy carrier and fuel, including production methods, applications, and market projections.
  • Carbon Capture for Biofuels: technologies and market potential for producing biofuels from captured carbon dioxide, including direct air capture (DAC) processes.
  • Company Profiles: Over 230 detailed company profiles covering key players across the biofuels and e-fuels value chain, from feedstock providers to technology developers and fuel producers. Companies profiled include Aduro Clean Technologies, Aemetis, Agra Energy, Agilyx, Air Company, Aircela, Algenol, Alpha Biofuels, AM Green, Andritz, APChemi, Apeiron Bioenergy, Aperam BioEnergia, Applied Research Associates (ARA), Arcadia eFuels, ASB Biodiesel, Atmonia, Avalon BioEnergy, Avantium, Avioxx, BASF, BBCA Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid, BDI-BioEnergy International, BEE Biofuel, Benefuel, Bio2Oil, Bio-Oils, BIOD Energy, Biofy, Biofine Technology, BiogasClean, Biojet, Bloom Biorenewables, BlueAlp Technology, Blue BioFuels, Braven Environmental, Brightmark Energy, bse Methanol, BTG Bioliquids, Byogy Renewables, C1 Green Chemicals, Caphenia, Carbonade, CarbonBridge, Carbon Collect, Carbon Engineering, Carbon Infinity, Carbon Neutral Fuels, Carbon Recycling International, Carbon Sink, Carbyon, Cargill, Cassandra Oil, Casterra Ag, Celtic Renewables, Cereal Process Technologies (CPT), CERT Systems, CF Industries Holdings, Chitose Bio Evolution, Circla Nordic, CleanJoule, Climeworks, CNF Biofuel, Concord Blue Engineering, Cool Planet Energy Systems, Corsair Group International, Coval Energy, Crimson Renewable Energy, C-Zero, D-CRBN, Diamond Green Diesel, Dimensional Energy, Dioxide Materials, Dioxycle, Domsjo Fabriker, DuPont, EcoCeres, Eco Environmental, Eco Fuel Technology, Electro-Active Technologies, Emerging Fuels Technology (EFT), Encina Development Group, Enerkem, Eneus Energy, Enexor BioEnergy, Eni Sustainable Mobility, Ensyn, EnviTec Biogas, Euglena, Firefly Green Fuels, Forge Hydrocarbons, FuelPositive, Fuenix Ecogy, Fulcrum BioEnergy, Galp Energia, GenCell Energy, Genecis Bioindustries, Gevo, GIDARA Energy, Graforce Hydro, Granbio Technologies, Greenergy, Green COP, Green Earth Institute, Green Fuel, Hago Energetics, Haldor Topsoe, Handerek Technologies, Hero BX, Honeywell, HutanBio, Hyundai Oilbank, Hy2Gen, Hydrogenious LOHC, HYCO1, HydGene Renewables, Ineratec, Infinitree, Infinium Electrofuels, Innoltek, Jet Zero Australia, Jilin COFCO Biomaterial, Jupiter Ionics, Kaidi, Kanteleen Voima, Khepra, Klean Industries, Krajete, Kvasir Technologies, LanzaJet, Lanzatech, Lectrolyst, Licella, Liquid Wind, Lootah Biofuels, Lummus Technology, LXP Group, Manta Biofuel, Mash Energy, Mercurius Biorefining, MOFWORX, Mote, Neogen, NeoZeo, Neste, New Hope Energy, NewEnergyBlue, NextChem, Nexus Fuels, Nordic ElectroFuel, Nordsol, Norsk e-Fuel, Nova Pangaea Technologies, Novozymes, Obeo Biogas, Oberon Fuels, Obrist Group, Oceania Biofuels, O.C.O, OMV, Opus 12 and many more.

Key Topics Covered:

  • Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel
  • Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)
  • Bio-naphtha
  • Biomethanol and Bioethanol
  • Biogas and Biomethane
  • E-fuels and Power-to-X Technologies
  • Algae-based Biofuels
  • Green Ammonia
  • Carbon Capture and Utilization in Fuel Production
  • Chemical Recycling of Waste to Biofuels
  • Pyrolysis Oil and Bio-oils
  • Refuse-Derived Fuels (RDF)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 2.1. Decarbonization
  • 2.2. Comparison to fossil fuels
  • 2.3. Role in the circular economy
  • 2.4. Government policies
  • 2.5. Market drivers
  • 2.6. Market challenges
  • 2.7. Liquid biofuels market
    • 2.7.1. Liquid biofuel production and consumption (in thousands of m3), 2000-2022
    • 2.7.2. Liquid biofuels market 2020-2035, by type and production.
  • 2.8. Sustainability of biofuels

3. INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS 2022-2024

4. BIOFUELS

  • 4.1. Overview
  • 4.2. The global biofuels market
    • 4.2.1. Diesel substitutes and alternatives
    • 4.2.2. Gasoline substitutes and alternatives
  • 4.3. SWOT analysis: Biofuels market
  • 4.4. Comparison of biofuel costs 2024, by type
  • 4.5. Types
    • 4.5.1. Solid Biofuels
    • 4.5.2. Liquid Biofuels
    • 4.5.3. Gaseous Biofuels
    • 4.5.4. Conventional Biofuels
    • 4.5.5. Advanced Biofuels
  • 4.6. Refineries
  • 4.7. Feedstocks
    • 4.7.1. First-generation (1-G)
    • 4.7.2. Second-generation (2-G)
      • 4.7.2.1. Lignocellulosic wastes and residues
      • 4.7.2.2. Biorefinery lignin
    • 4.7.3. Third-generation (3-G)
      • 4.7.3.1. Algal biofuels
        • 4.7.3.1.1. Properties
        • 4.7.3.1.2. Advantages
    • 4.7.4. Fourth-generation (4-G)
    • 4.7.5. Advantages and disadvantages, by generation
    • 4.7.6. Energy crops
      • 4.7.6.1. Feedstocks
      • 4.7.6.2. SWOT analysis
    • 4.7.7. Agricultural residues
      • 4.7.7.1. Feedstocks
      • 4.7.7.2. SWOT analysis
    • 4.7.8. Manure, sewage sludge and organic waste
      • 4.7.8.1. Processing pathways
      • 4.7.8.2. SWOT analysis
    • 4.7.9. Forestry and wood waste
      • 4.7.9.1. Feedstocks
      • 4.7.9.2. SWOT analysis
    • 4.7.10. Feedstock costs

5. HYDROCARBON BIOFUELS

  • 5.1. Biodiesel
    • 5.1.1. Biodiesel by generation
    • 5.1.2. SWOT analysis
    • 5.1.3. Production of biodiesel and other biofuels
      • 5.1.3.1. Pyrolysis of biomass
      • 5.1.3.2. Vegetable oil transesterification
      • 5.1.3.3. Vegetable oil hydrogenation (HVO)
        • 5.1.3.3.1. Production process
      • 5.1.3.4. Biodiesel from tall oil
      • 5.1.3.5. Fischer-Tropsch BioDiesel
      • 5.1.3.6. Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass
      • 5.1.3.7. CO2 capture and Fischer-Tropsch (FT)
      • 5.1.3.8. Dymethyl ether (DME)
    • 5.1.4. Biodiesel Projects
    • 5.1.5. Recent market developments 2023-2024
    • 5.1.6. Prices
    • 5.1.7. Companies
    • 5.1.8. Global consumption
  • 5.2. Renewable diesel
    • 5.2.1. Production
    • 5.2.2. SWOT analysis
    • 5.2.3. Global consumption
    • 5.2.4. Prices
  • 5.3. Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)
    • 5.3.1. Description
    • 5.3.2. Recent market developments
    • 5.3.3. SWOT analysis
    • 5.3.4. Global production and consumption
    • 5.3.5. Production pathways
    • 5.3.6. Prices
    • 5.3.7. Sustainable aviation fuel production capacities
    • 5.3.8. Challenges
    • 5.3.9. Companies
    • 5.3.10. Global consumption
  • 5.4. Bio-naphtha
    • 5.4.1. Overview
    • 5.4.2. SWOT analysis
    • 5.4.3. Markets and applications
    • 5.4.4. Prices
    • 5.4.5. Production capacities, by producer, current and planned
    • 5.4.6. Production capacities, total (tonnes), historical, current and planned

6. ALCOHOL FUELS

  • 6.1. Biomethanol
    • 6.1.1. SWOT analysis
    • 6.1.2. Methanol-to gasoline technology
      • 6.1.2.1. Production processes
        • 6.1.2.1.1. Biomethanol from Biogas Reforming
        • 6.1.2.1.2. Biomethanol from Hydrothermal Gasification
        • 6.1.2.1.3. Anaerobic digestion
        • 6.1.2.1.4. Biomass gasification
        • 6.1.2.1.5. Power to Methane
    • 6.1.3. Methanol Synthesis Companies
  • 6.2. Bioethanol
    • 6.2.1. Technology description
    • 6.2.2. 1G Bio-Ethanol
    • 6.2.3. SWOT analysis
    • 6.2.4. Alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) & alcohol-to-gasoline (ATG): methanol & ethanol
      • 6.2.4.1. ATJ and ATG processes
      • 6.2.4.2. Ethanol Feedstocks
      • 6.2.4.3. Methanol-to-Gasoline (MTG) and Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ) processes
      • 6.2.4.4. Companies
    • 6.2.5. Cellulosic Ethanol Production
    • 6.2.6. Sulfite spent liquor fermentation
    • 6.2.7. Gasification
      • 6.2.7.1. Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
      • 6.2.7.2. Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
    • 6.2.8. CO2 capture and alcohol synthesis
    • 6.2.9. Biomass hydrolysis and fermentation
      • 6.2.9.1. Separate hydrolysis and fermentation
      • 6.2.9.2. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
      • 6.2.9.3. Pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF)
      • 6.2.9.4. Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF)
      • 6.2.9.5. Direct conversion (consolidated bioprocessing) (CBP)
    • 6.2.10. Global ethanol consumption
  • 6.3. Biobutanol
    • 6.3.1. Production
    • 6.3.2. Prices

7. BIOMASS-BASED GAS

  • 7.1. Feedstocks
    • 7.1.1. Biomethane
    • 7.1.2. Production pathways
      • 7.1.2.1. Landfill gas recovery
      • 7.1.2.2. Anaerobic digestion
      • 7.1.2.3. Thermal gasification
    • 7.1.3. SWOT analysis
    • 7.1.4. Global production
    • 7.1.5. Prices
      • 7.1.5.1. Raw Biogas
      • 7.1.5.2. Upgraded Biomethane
    • 7.1.6. Bio-LNG
      • 7.1.6.1. Markets
        • 7.1.6.1.1. Trucks
        • 7.1.6.1.2. Marine
      • 7.1.6.2. Production
      • 7.1.6.3. Plants
    • 7.1.7. bio-CNG (compressed natural gas derived from biogas)
    • 7.1.8. Carbon capture from biogas
  • 7.2. Biosyngas
    • 7.2.1. Production
    • 7.2.2. Prices
  • 7.3. Biohydrogen
    • 7.3.1. Description
    • 7.3.2. SWOT analysis
    • 7.3.3. Production of biohydrogen from biomass
      • 7.3.3.1. Biological Conversion Routes
        • 7.3.3.1.1. Bio-photochemical Reaction
        • 7.3.3.1.2. Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion
      • 7.3.3.2. Thermochemical conversion routes
        • 7.3.3.2.1. Biomass Gasification
        • 7.3.3.2.2. Biomass Pyrolysis
        • 7.3.3.2.3. Biomethane Reforming
    • 7.3.4. Applications
    • 7.3.5. Prices
  • 7.4. Biochar in biogas production
  • 7.5. Bio-DME

8. CHEMICAL RECYCLING FOR BIOFUELS

  • 8.1. Plastic pyrolysis
  • 8.2. Used tires pyrolysis
    • 8.2.1. Conversion to biofuel
  • 8.3. Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes
  • 8.4. Gasification
    • 8.4.1. Syngas conversion to methanol
    • 8.4.2. Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
    • 8.4.3. Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
  • 8.5. Hydrothermal cracking
  • 8.6. SWOT analysis

9. ELECTROFUELS (E-FUELS)

  • 9.1. Introduction
    • 9.1.1. Costs
    • 9.1.2. Benefits of e-fuels
    • 9.1.3. Production pathways
  • 9.2. Green hydrogen
    • 9.2.1. Electrolyzer Technologies
  • 9.3. CO2 capture
    • 9.3.1. Overview
    • 9.3.2. CO2 Capture Systems
    • 9.3.3. Direct Air Capture (DAC) technology for e-fuel production
  • 9.4. Syngas production
    • 9.4.1. Overview
    • 9.4.2. Syngas Production Technologies
      • 9.4.2.1. Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS)
      • 9.4.2.2. Direct Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: CO2 to Hydrocarbons
      • 9.4.2.3. Low-Temperature Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
      • 9.4.2.4. Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOECs)
    • 9.4.3. Solar power in E-Fuels
      • 9.4.3.1. Overview
      • 9.4.3.2. Key advantages
      • 9.4.3.3. Projects
    • 9.4.4. Companies
  • 9.5. E-methane
    • 9.5.1. Overview
    • 9.5.2. Methanation
      • 9.5.2.1. Thermocatalytic methanation
      • 9.5.2.2. Biological methanation
      • 9.5.2.3. Companies
  • 9.6. E-methanol
    • 9.6.1. Overview
    • 9.6.2. E-Methanol Production
    • 9.6.3. Direct methanol synthesis
    • 9.6.4. Companies
  • 9.7. SWOT analysis
  • 9.8. Production
    • 9.8.1. eFuel production facilities, current and planned
  • 9.9. Electrolysers
  • 9.10. Prices
  • 9.11. Market challenges
  • 9.12. Companies

10. ALGAE-DERIVED BIOFUELS

  • 10.1. Technology description
  • 10.2. CO2 capture and utilization
  • 10.3. Conversion pathways
    • 10.3.1. Macroalgae
    • 10.3.2. Microalgae / Cyanobacteria
      • 10.3.2.1. Microalgae cultivation for biofuel production
      • 10.3.2.2. Open cultivation systems
      • 10.3.2.3. Closed photobioreactors (PBRs)
    • 10.3.3. Companies
    • 10.3.4. Projects
  • 10.4. SWOT analysis
  • 10.5. Production
    • 10.5.1. Algal Biofuel Production
  • 10.6. Market challenges
  • 10.7. Prices
  • 10.8. Producers

11. GREEN AMMONIA

  • 11.1. Production
    • 11.1.1. Decarbonisation of ammonia production
    • 11.1.2. Green ammonia projects
  • 11.2. Green ammonia synthesis methods
    • 11.2.1. Haber-Bosch process
    • 11.2.2. Biological nitrogen fixation
    • 11.2.3. Electrochemical production
    • 11.2.4. Chemical looping processes
  • 11.3. SWOT analysis
  • 11.4. Blue ammonia
    • 11.4.1. Blue ammonia projects
  • 11.5. Markets and applications
    • 11.5.1. Chemical energy storage
      • 11.5.1.1. Ammonia fuel cells
    • 11.5.2. Marine fuel
  • 11.6. Prices
  • 11.7. Estimated market demand
  • 11.8. Companies and projects

12. BIOFUELS FROM CARBON CAPTURE

  • 12.1. Overview
  • 12.2. CO2 capture from point sources
  • 12.3. Production routes
  • 12.4. SWOT analysis
  • 12.5. Direct air capture (DAC)
    • 12.5.1. Description
    • 12.5.2. Deployment
    • 12.5.3. Point source carbon capture versus Direct Air Capture
    • 12.5.4. Technologies
      • 12.5.4.1. Solid sorbents
      • 12.5.4.2. Liquid sorbents
      • 12.5.4.3. Liquid solvents
      • 12.5.4.4. Airflow equipment integration
      • 12.5.4.5. Passive Direct Air Capture (PDAC)
      • 12.5.4.6. Direct conversion
      • 12.5.4.7. Co-product generation
      • 12.5.4.8. Low Temperature DAC
      • 12.5.4.9. Regeneration methods
    • 12.5.5. Commercialization and plants
    • 12.5.6. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in DAC
    • 12.5.7. DAC plants and projects-current and planned
    • 12.5.8. Markets for DAC
    • 12.5.9. Costs
    • 12.5.10. Challenges
    • 12.5.11. Players and production
  • 12.6. Carbon utilization for biofuels
    • 12.6.1. Production routes
      • 12.6.1.1. Electrolyzers
      • 12.6.1.2. Low-carbon hydrogen
    • 12.6.2. Products & applications
      • 12.6.2.1. Vehicles
      • 12.6.2.2. Shipping
      • 12.6.2.3. Aviation
      • 12.6.2.4. Costs
      • 12.6.2.5. Ethanol
      • 12.6.2.6. Methanol
      • 12.6.2.7. Sustainable Aviation Fuel
      • 12.6.2.8. Methane
      • 12.6.2.9. Algae based biofuels
      • 12.6.2.10. CO2-fuels from solar
    • 12.6.3. Challenges
    • 12.6.4. SWOT analysis
    • 12.6.5. Companies

13. BIO-OILS (PYROLYSIS OIL)

  • 13.1. Description
    • 13.1.1. Advantages of bio-oils
  • 13.2. Production
    • 13.2.1. Biomass Pyrolysis
    • 13.2.2. Plastic Waste Pyrolysis
    • 13.2.3. Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic
    • 13.2.4. Costs of production
    • 13.2.5. Upgrading
  • 13.3. Pyrolysis reactors
  • 13.4. SWOT analysis
  • 13.5. Applications
  • 13.6. Bio-oil producers
  • 13.7. Prices

14. REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS (RDF)

  • 14.1. Overview
  • 14.2. Production
    • 14.2.1. Production process
    • 14.2.2. Mechanical biological treatment
  • 14.3. Markets (238 company profiles)

16. REFERENCES

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Market drivers for biofuels
  • Table 2. Market challenges for biofuels
  • Table 3. Liquid biofuels market 2020-2035, by type and production
  • Table 4. Industry developments in biofuels 2022-2024
  • Table 5. Comparison of biofuels
  • Table 6. Comparison of biofuel costs (USD/liter) 2024, by type
  • Table 7. Categories and examples of solid biofuel
  • Table 8. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity
  • Table 9. Classification of biomass feedstock
  • Table 10. Biorefinery feedstocks
  • Table 11. Feedstock conversion pathways
  • Table 12. First-Generation Feedstocks
  • Table 13. Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities
  • Table 14. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins
  • Table 15. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes
  • Table 16. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol
  • Table 17. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae
  • Table 18. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops
  • Table 19. Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels, by generation
  • Table 20. Biodiesel by generation
  • Table 21. Comparison of Fossil Diesel, Biodiesel & Renewable Diesel
  • Table 22. Biodiesel production techniques
  • Table 23. Summary of pyrolysis technique under different operating conditions
  • Table 24. Biomass materials and their bio-oil yield
  • Table 25. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process
  • Table 26. Properties of vegetable oils in comparison to diesel
  • Table 27. Main producers of HVO and capacities
  • Table 28. Example commercial Development of BtL processes
  • Table 29. Pilot or demo projects for biomass to liquid (BtL) processes
  • Table 30. Comparison of Biodiesel vs Renewable Diesel: Properties & Engine Compatibility
  • Table 31. Biodiesel Projects by Scale, Company and Location
  • Table 32. Recent biodiesel market developments 2023-2024
  • Table 33. Recent company activity in Biodiesel
  • Table 34. Global biodiesel consumption, 2020-2035 (M litres/year)
  • Table 35. Global renewable diesel consumption, 2020-2035 (M litres/year)
  • Table 36. Renewable diesel price ranges
  • Table 37. Advantages and disadvantages of Sustainable aviation fuel
  • Table 38. Recent market developments in Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)
  • Table 39. Production pathways for Sustainable aviation fuel
  • Table 40. Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Projects by Scale, Company, Location, Technology Pathway, and Start Date
  • Table 41. Recent company activity in SAF
  • Table 42. Global Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Consumption 2019-2035 (Million litres/year)
  • Table 43. Bio-based naphtha markets and applications
  • Table 44. Bio-naphtha market value chain
  • Table 45. Bio-naphtha pricing against petroleum-derived naphtha and related fuel products
  • Table 46. Bio-based Naphtha production capacities, by producer
  • Table 47.Methanol Production & Colors
  • Table 48. Main Pathways to Biomethanol Production
  • Table 49. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas
  • Table 50. 1st Generation Bioethanol Production Processes
  • Table 51.Ethanol Feedstocks
  • Table 52. Methanol Feedstocks
  • Table 53. Methanol-to-Gasoline (MTG) Process Overview
  • Table 54. Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) Process Steps
  • Table 55. MTG vs MTJ Process Comparison
  • Table 56. Methanol-to-Gasoline (MTG) Companies
  • Table 57. Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) Technology Companies
  • Table 58. Cellulosic Ethanol Production
  • Table 59. Lignocellulosic Biomass Feedstocks
  • Table 60. Challenges in Breaking Down Lignocellulosic Biomass
  • Table 61. Processes in bioethanol production
  • Table 62. Microorganisms used in CBP for ethanol production from biomass lignocellulosic
  • Table 63. Ethanol consumption 2020-2035 (million litres)
  • Table 64. Properties of petrol and biobutanol
  • Table 65. Biogas feedstocks
  • Table 66. Existing and planned bio-LNG production plants
  • Table 67. Methods for capturing carbon dioxide from biogas
  • Table 68. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways
  • Table 69. Markets and applications for biohydrogen
  • Table 70. Summary of gasification technologies
  • Table 71. Overview of hydrothermal cracking for advanced chemical recycling
  • Table 72. Technology & Process Developers in E-Fuels by End-Product
  • Table 73. E-Fuel Production Costs Breakdown
  • Table 74. Applications of e-fuels, by type
  • Table 75. Overview of e-fuels
  • Table 76. Benefits of e-fuels
  • Table 77. E-fuel production efficiencies
  • Table 78. Production Pathways for E-Fuels
  • Table 79. Electrolyzer Performance Metrics
  • Table 80. Overview of Electrolyzer Technologies
  • Table 81. Electrolyzer Technology Companies
  • Table 82. Main CO2 Capture Systems
  • Table 83.Technologies for Carbon Capture
  • Table 84. Syngas Production Technologies for E-Fuels
  • Table 85. Comparison of RWGS & SOEC Co-Electrolysis Routes
  • Table 86.Companies using Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) for E-Fuels
  • Table 87. SOEC & SOFC System Suppliers
  • Table 88. Companies in CO2 reduction technologies
  • Table 89. Comparison of Thermocatalytic vs Biocatalytic Methanation
  • Table 90. Methanation Companies
  • Table 91. Power-to-Methane Projects,
  • Table 92. Methanol Production & Colors
  • Table 93. E-methanol production methods
  • Table 94. Main process steps, key equipment, and operating conditions
  • Table 95.Companies in Methanol Synthesis
  • Table 96. eFuel production facilities, current and planned
  • Table 97. Main characteristics of different electrolyzer technologies
  • Table 98. Market challenges for e-fuels
  • Table 99. E-fuels companies
  • Table 100. 3rd Generation Biofuel Production Feedstocks
  • Table 101. Biofuel Production Process Using Macroalgae
  • Table 102. Biofuel Production Process Using Microalgae / Cyanobacteria
  • Table 103. Open vs Closed Algae Cultivation Systems
  • Table 104. Microalgae Cultivation System Suppliers: Photobioreactors (PBRs) & Ponds
  • Table 105. Algal and Microbial Biofuel Processes & Projects
  • Table 106. Algae-derived biofuel producers
  • Table 107. Green ammonia projects (current and planned)
  • Table 108. Blue ammonia projects
  • Table 109. Ammonia fuel cell technologies
  • Table 110. Market overview of green ammonia in marine fuel
  • Table 111. Summary of marine alternative fuels
  • Table 112. Estimated costs for different types of ammonia
  • Table 113. Main players in green ammonia
  • Table 114. Market overview for CO2 derived fuels
  • Table 115. Point source examples
  • Table 116. Advantages and disadvantages of DAC
  • Table 117. Companies developing airflow equipment integration with DAC
  • Table 118. Companies developing Passive Direct Air Capture (PDAC) technologies
  • Table 119. Companies developing regeneration methods for DAC technologies
  • Table 120. DAC companies and technologies
  • Table 121. DAC technology developers and production
  • Table 122. DAC projects in development
  • Table 123. Markets for DAC
  • Table 124. Costs summary for DAC
  • Table 125. Cost estimates of DAC
  • Table 126. Challenges for DAC technology
  • Table 127. DAC companies and technologies
  • Table 128. Market overview for CO2 derived fuels
  • Table 129. Main production routes and processes for manufacturing fuels from captured carbon dioxide
  • Table 130. CO2-derived fuels projects
  • Table 131. Thermochemical methods to produce methanol from CO2
  • Table 132. Pilot plants for CO2-to-methanol conversion
  • Table 133. Microalgae products and prices
  • Table 134. Main Solar-Driven CO2 Conversion Approaches
  • Table 135. Market challenges for CO2 derived fuels
  • Table 136. Companies in CO2-derived fuel products
  • Table 137. Typical composition and physicochemical properties reported for bio-oils and heavy petroleum-derived oils
  • Table 138. Properties and characteristics of pyrolysis liquids derived from biomass versus a fuel oil
  • Table 139. Comparison of Pyrolysis Technologies
  • Table 140. Pyrolysis Products & Market Applications
  • Table 141. Main techniques used to upgrade bio-oil into higher-quality fuels
  • Table 142. Pyrolysis reactor companies
  • Table 143. Markets and applications for bio-oil
  • Table 144. Bio-oil producers
  • Table 145. Key resource recovery technologies
  • Table 146. Markets and end uses for refuse-derived fuels (RDF)
  • Table 147. Granbio Nanocellulose Processes

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Liquid biofuel production and consumption (in thousands of m3), 2000-2023
  • Figure 2. Distribution of global liquid biofuel production in 2023
  • Figure 3. Diesel and gasoline alternatives and blends
  • Figure 4. SWOT analysis for biofuels
  • Figure 5. Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals
  • Figure 6. SWOT analysis for energy crops in biofuels
  • Figure 7. SWOT analysis for agricultural residues in biofuels
  • Figure 8. SWOT analysis for Manure, sewage sludge and organic waste in biofuels
  • Figure 9. SWOT analysis for forestry and wood waste in biofuels
  • Figure 10. Range of biomass cost by feedstock type
  • Figure 11. Regional production of biodiesel (billion litres)
  • Figure 12. SWOT analysis for biodiesel
  • Figure 13. Flow chart for biodiesel production
  • Figure 14. Biodiesel (B20) average prices, current and historical, USD/litre, 2012-2023
  • Figure 15. Global biodiesel consumption, 2020-2035 (M litres/year)
  • Figure 16. SWOT analysis for renewable iesel
  • Figure 17. Global renewable diesel consumption, 2010-2035 (M litres/year)
  • Figure 18. SWOT analysis for Sustainable aviation fuel
  • Figure 19. Global Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Production and Consumption 2019-2035 (Million litres/year)
  • Figure 20. SWOT analysis for bio-naphtha
  • Figure 21. Bio-based naphtha production capacities, 2018-2033 (tonnes)
  • Figure 22. SWOT analysis biomethanol
  • Figure 23. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks
  • Figure 24. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading
  • Figure 25. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation
  • Figure 26. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process
  • Figure 27. SWOT analysis for ethanol
  • Figure 28. Ethanol consumption 2020-2035 (million litres)
  • Figure 29. Biobutanol production route
  • Figure 30. Biogas and biomethane pathways
  • Figure 31. Overview of biogas utilization
  • Figure 32. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production
  • Figure 33. Schematic overview of biomass gasification for biomethane production
  • Figure 34. SWOT analysis for biogas
  • Figure 35. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm3/h of Syngas, 2023
  • Figure 36. SWOT analysis for biohydrogen
  • Figure 37. Waste plastic production pathways to (A) diesel and (B) gasoline
  • Figure 38. Schematic for Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires
  • Figure 39. Used tires conversion process
  • Figure 40. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm3/h of Syngas, 2023
  • Figure 41. Overview of biogas utilization
  • Figure 42. Biogas and biomethane pathways
  • Figure 43. SWOT analysis for chemical recycling of biofuels
  • Figure 44. Process steps in the production of electrofuels
  • Figure 45. Mapping storage technologies according to performance characteristics
  • Figure 46. Production process for green hydrogen
  • Figure 47. SWOT analysis for E-fuels
  • Figure 48. E-liquids production routes
  • Figure 49. Fischer-Tropsch liquid e-fuel products
  • Figure 50. Resources required for liquid e-fuel production
  • Figure 51. Levelized cost and fuel-switching CO2 prices of e-fuels
  • Figure 52. Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels
  • Figure 53. SWOT analysis for algae-derived biofuels
  • Figure 54. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production
  • Figure 55. Classification and process technology according to carbon emission in ammonia production
  • Figure 56. Green ammonia production and use
  • Figure 57. Schematic of the Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis reaction
  • Figure 58. Schematic of hydrogen production via steam methane reformation
  • Figure 59. SWOT analysis for green ammonia
  • Figure 60. Estimated production cost of green ammonia
  • Figure 61. Projected annual ammonia production, million tons to 2050
  • Figure 62. CO2 capture and separation technology
  • Figure 63. Conversion route for CO2-derived fuels and chemical intermediates
  • Figure 64. Conversion pathways for CO2-derived methane, methanol and diesel
  • Figure 65. SWOT analysis for biofuels from carbon capture
  • Figure 66. CO2 captured from air using liquid and solid sorbent DAC plants, storage, and reuse
  • Figure 67. Global CO2 capture from biomass and DAC in the Net Zero Scenario
  • Figure 68. DAC technologies
  • Figure 69. Schematic of Climeworks DAC system
  • Figure 70. Climeworks' first commercial direct air capture (DAC) plant, based in Hinwil, Switzerland
  • Figure 71. Flow diagram for solid sorbent DAC
  • Figure 72. Direct air capture based on high temperature liquid sorbent by Carbon Engineering
  • Figure 73. Global capacity of direct air capture facilities
  • Figure 74. Global map of DAC and CCS plants
  • Figure 75. Schematic of costs of DAC technologies
  • Figure 76. DAC cost breakdown and comparison
  • Figure 77. Operating costs of generic liquid and solid-based DAC systems
  • Figure 78. Conversion route for CO2-derived fuels and chemical intermediates
  • Figure 79. Conversion pathways for CO2-derived methane, methanol and diesel
  • Figure 80. CO2 feedstock for the production of e-methanol
  • Figure 81. Schematic illustration of (a) biophotosynthetic, (b) photothermal, (c) microbial-photoelectrochemical, (d) photosynthetic and photocatalytic (PS/PC), (e) photoelectrochemical (PEC), and (f) photovoltaic plus electrochemical (PV+EC) approaches for CO2
  • Figure 82. SWOT analysis: CO2 utilization in fuels
  • Figure 83. Audi synthetic fuels
  • Figure 84. Bio-oil upgrading/fractionation techniques
  • Figure 85. SWOT analysis for bio-oils
  • Figure 86. ANDRITZ Lignin Recovery process
  • Figure 87. ChemCyclingTM prototypes
  • Figure 88. ChemCycling circle by BASF
  • Figure 89. FBPO process
  • Figure 90. Direct Air Capture Process
  • Figure 91. CRI process
  • Figure 92. Cassandra Oil process
  • Figure 93. Colyser process
  • Figure 94. ECFORM electrolysis reactor schematic
  • Figure 95. Dioxycle modular electrolyzer
  • Figure 96. Domsjo process
  • Figure 97. FuelPositive system
  • Figure 98. INERATEC unit
  • Figure 99. Infinitree swing method
  • Figure 100. Audi/Krajete unit
  • Figure 101. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process
  • Figure 102: Plantrose process
  • Figure 103. Sunfire process for Blue Crude production
  • Figure 104. Takavator
  • Figure 105. O12 Reactor
  • Figure 106. Sunglasses with lenses made from CO2-derived materials
  • Figure 107. CO2 made car part
  • Figure 108. The Velocys process
  • Figure 109. Goldilocks process and applications
  • Figure 110. The Proesa-R Process