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市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1568913

2024-2032年日本燃料電池堆回收再利用市場預測

Japan Fuel Cell Stack Recycling and Reuse Market Forecast 2024-2032
出版日期: | 出版商: Inkwood Research | 英文 140 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

價格

主要調查結果

日本燃料電池堆回收再利用市場預計到2032年將達到 6,532萬美元的收益，2024-2032年預測期間年複合成長率為 22.95%。

市場洞察

隨著日本重點發展氫經濟和永續發展，日本的燃料電池堆回收和再利用市場正經歷顯著成長。日本的氫基本策略目的是2030年建立完善的氫供應鏈，目的是透過間接刺激的交通和能源等各個領域促進燃料電池堆的生產和部署來進入這一市場。隨著燃料電池技術變得越來越普遍，對有效回收和再利用過程來處理廢電池組的需求變得越來越重要。

日本燃料電池堆回收和再利用市場的擴張受到該國到2050年實現碳中和和資源效率承諾的影響，這是其環境政策的核心。該國家戰略強調燃料電池必需材料（例如鉑）的回收和再利用，並支持循環經濟模式。因此，燃料電池堆回收和再利用市場預計將與日本廣泛的氫和清潔能源經濟同步成長。

此外，日本對參與燃料電池回收的公司的補貼和稅收優惠將鼓勵對氫經濟非常重要的基礎設施發展。儲能系統補助計劃等計劃為回收設施提供財政支持，並提高回收技術的經濟可行性。這種基礎設施支援對於容納越來越多的即將報廢的燃料電池堆以及充分實現燃料電池技術的環境效益非常重要。

投資氫基礎設施並促進全國氫供應鏈將推動日本燃料電池堆回收和再利用市場的成長。將回收和再利用過程整合到氫經濟中將加強資源安全，最大限度地減少浪費，並支持日本為適應氣候變遷所做的努力。隨著日本應對能源轉型的複雜性，燃料電池堆回收和再利用市場處於有利地位，可滿足永續未來的需求並解決能源領域的潛在挑戰。

回收和再利用過程中的技術進步推動市場向前發展。材料回收方面的創新，特別是在鉑金等貴金屬的提取方面，提高回收方法的效率並減少其對環境的影響。這些技術發展不僅支持日本的永續發展目標，而且還透過將有價值的材料重新引進供應鏈來促進資源最佳化。

細分分析

日本的燃料電池堆回收和再利用市場依類型、回收過程和最終用途行業進行細分。回收製程板塊進一步拓展為火法冶金回收、濕式冶金回收、機械回收等回收製程。

濕式冶金回收是從燃料電池堆中回收有價值金屬的重要過程，特別是隨著對清潔能源解決方案的需求不斷成長。此方法利用水化學從廢燃料電池中選擇性地提取貴金屬，例如鉑、鈀和銠。該過程包括幾個關鍵步驟，包括浸出，用溶劑處理廢燃料電池材料以溶解所需的金屬。隨後進行沉澱，使溶解的金屬恢復為固體形式，將其分離和純化。隨後的精煉步驟提高了回收金屬的品質，使其適合在新燃料電池或其他應用的生產中重複使用。

隨著氫氣技術的進步和可持續能源解決方案的推動，燃料電池市場不斷成長，高效的濕式冶金回收製程可以最大限度地減少廢棄物並改善燃料電池製造對環境的影響，這一點非常重要。這種方法不僅可以保護自然資源，還可以透過實現高價值材料的永續再利用來支持循環經濟。

競爭考察

日本燃料電池堆回收再利用市場的主要公司包括Cummins Inc, Doosan Corporation, Johnson Matthey,等。

Doosan是一家總部位於韓國首爾的全球性企業集團，經營多元化業務，包括能源、機械、材料和 IT 服務。主要業務領域包括能源解決方案（Doosan Enerbility）、IT服務、廣告、物流自動化、半導體測試和覆銅板製造。Doosan的子公司遍佈北美、亞洲和歐洲，強調服務於廣泛市場的全球足跡。到2023年，合併銷售額將達到19.13兆韓元，總資產將達到28.287兆韓元，展現強大的財務基礎和對工業成長的承諾。

作為永續技術創新的領導者，Doosan致力於開發支持工業發展和環境永續性的技術。公司廣泛的全球網路，加上對研究和創新的投資，使Doosan成為促進永續發展和應對市場挑戰的驅動力。

目錄

第1章 研究範圍與研究方法

第2章 執行摘要

  • 市場規模/估計
  • 國家概況 - 日本
  • 國家分析
  • 調查範圍
  • 危機情境分析
  • 主要市場研究結果

第3章 市場動態

  • 主要驅動因素
    • 貴金屬的稀有性
    • 各行業日益採用燃料電池汽車
    • 回收法的技術進步
  • 主要阻礙因素
    • 回收成本高昂
    • 燃料電池回收的技術複雜性

第4章 主要分析

  • 親市場分析
  • 主要市場動向
    • 開發適合回收的製造技術
    • 法規促進燃料電池回收並鼓勵對材料回收和永續技術的投資
  • PESTLE分析
    • 政治
    • 經濟
    • 社會
    • 技術
    • 法律
    • 環境
  • 波特五力分析
  • 成長前景圖
    • 日本的成長前景圖
  • 市場成熟度分析
  • 市場集中度分析
  • 價值鏈分析
  • 主要購買基準
    • 成本效益
    • 環境影響
    • 規制遵守
    • 技術與流程效率
    • 可靠性和一致性
  • 燃料電池堆回收再利用市場監管框架

第5章 市場：依類型

  • 固体高分子形燃料電池（Pemfcs）
    • 市場預測圖表
    • 細分分析
  • 固体酸化物形燃料電池（Sofcs）
    • 市場預測圖表
    • 細分分析
  • 熔融碳酸鹽燃料電池（mcfc）
    • 市場預測圖表
    • 細分分析
  • 磷酸燃料電池（PAFCS）
    • 市場預測圖表
    • 細分分析
  • 其他類型
    • 市場預測圖表
    • 細分分析

第6章 市場：依回收過程

  • 乾回收
    • 市場預測圖表
    • 細分分析
  • 濕式冶金回收
    • 市場預測圖表
    • 細分分析
  • 機械回收
    • 市場預測圖表
    • 細分分析
  • 其他回收流程
    • 市場預測圖表
    • 細分分析

第7章 市場：依最終用途產業

  • 輸送
    • 市場預測圖表
    • 細分分析
  • 固定式發電
    • 市場預測圖表
    • 細分分析
  • 攜帶式發電
    • 市場預測圖表
    • 細分分析

第8章 競爭情勢

  • 主要策略發展
    • 併購
    • 產品發布與開發
    • 合作夥伴與協議
    • 業務擴張與資產剝離
  • 公司簡介
    • BALLARD POWER
    • BLOOM ENERGY
    • CUMINS INC
    • DOOSAN CORPORATION
    • JOHNSON MATTHEY
    • NEDSTACK FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY BV
    • ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
Product Code: 94838

KEY FINDINGS

The Japan fuel cell stack recycling and reuse market is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 22.95% over the forecast period of 2024-2032, reaching a revenue of $65.32 million by 2032.

MARKET INSIGHTS

The Japan fuel cell stack recycling and reuse market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the country's focus on developing a hydrogen-based economy and sustainability. Japan's Basic Hydrogen Strategy aimed at creating a full-fledged hydrogen supply chain by 2030, has indirectly stimulated this market by promoting the production and deployment of fuel cell stacks across various sectors, including transportation and energy. As fuel cell technology becomes more widespread, the need for efficient recycling and reuse processes to handle end-of-life stacks is increasingly crucial.

The expansion of Japan's fuel cell stack recycling and reuse market is influenced by the nation's commitment to carbon neutrality by 2050 and resource efficiency, both core aspects of its environmental policies. This national strategy highlights the recycling and reuse of critical materials in fuel cells, such as platinum, supporting a circular economy model. Consequently, the market for recycling and reusing fuel cell stacks is expected to grow in tandem with the country's broader hydrogen and clean energy economy.

Furthermore, Japan's subsidies and tax incentives for companies involved in fuel cell recycling initiatives foster the development of essential infrastructure for the hydrogen economy. Programs like the Subsidy Program for Promoting the Introduction of Energy Storage Systems offer financial support to recycling facilities, enhancing the economic feasibility of recycling technologies. This infrastructural support is pivotal for handling the increasing volume of fuel cell stacks reaching the end of their operational life, ensuring that the environmental benefits of fuel cell technologies are fully realized.

Investments in hydrogen infrastructure and the push for a national hydrogen supply chain facilitate the growth of Japan's fuel cell stack recycling and reuse market. Integrating recycling and reuse processes into the hydrogen economy enhances resource security, minimizes waste, and supports Japan's efforts in climate resilience. As Japan navigates the complexities of its energy transition, the fuel cell stack recycling and reuse market is well-positioned to meet the demands of a sustainable future and address potential challenges in the energy sector.

Technological advancements in recycling and reuse processes are driving the market forward. Innovations in materials recovery, particularly the extraction of valuable metals like platinum, have improved the efficiency of recycling methods, reducing their environmental impact. These technological developments not only support Japan's sustainability goals but also contribute to resource optimization by reintroducing valuable materials back into the supply chain.

SEGMENTATION ANALYSIS

The Japan fuel cell stack recycling and reuse market segmentation includes market by type, recycling process, and end use industry. The recycling process segment is further expanded into pyrometallurgical recycling, hydrometallurgical recycling, mechanical recycling, and other recycling processes.

Hydrometallurgical recycling is a critical process in the recovery of valuable metals from fuel cell stacks, particularly as the demand for clean energy solutions continues to rise. This method leverages aqueous chemistry to selectively extract precious metals, such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium, from spent fuel cells. The process typically involves several key steps, including leaching, where spent fuel cell materials are treated with solvents to dissolve targeted metals. This is followed by precipitation, where the dissolved metals are converted back into solid form, allowing for their separation and purification. Subsequent refining processes enhance the quality of the recovered metals, making them suitable for reuse in new fuel cell production or other applications.

As the market for fuel cells grows, driven by advancements in hydrogen technology and the push for sustainable energy solutions, efficient hydrometallurgical recycling processes will be essential for minimizing waste and reducing the environmental impact of fuel cell production. This approach not only conserves natural resources but also supports the circular economy by enabling the sustainable reuse of high-value materials.

COMPETITIVE INSIGHTS

Major players operating in the Japan fuel cell stack recycling and reuse market include Cummins Inc, Doosan Corporation, Johnson Matthey, etc.

Doosan Corporation is a global conglomerate headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, with diversified operations in energy, machinery, materials, IT services, and more. The company's key business segments include energy solutions (Doosan Enerbility), IT services, advertising, logistics automation, semiconductor testing, and the manufacturing of copper-clad laminates. Doosan's subsidiaries span across North America, Asia, and Europe, emphasizing a global footprint that caters to a broad market. With consolidated sales reaching KRW 19,130 billion in 2023 and total assets amounting to KRW 28,287 billion, the corporation showcases a strong financial base and commitment to industrial growth.

A leader in sustainable innovation, Doosan Corporation focuses on advancing technologies that support industrial development and environmental sustainability. The company's extensive global network, combined with investments in research and technological innovation, positions Doosan as a driving force in promoting sustainable development and meeting market challenges.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. RESEARCH SCOPE & METHODOLOGY

  • 1.1. STUDY OBJECTIVES
  • 1.2. METHODOLOGY
  • 1.3. ASSUMPTIONS & LIMITATIONS

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 2.1. MARKET SIZE & ESTIMATES
  • 2.2. COUNTRY SNAPSHOT - JAPAN
  • 2.3. COUNTRY ANALYSIS
  • 2.4. SCOPE OF STUDY
  • 2.5. CRISIS SCENARIO ANALYSIS
  • 2.6. MAJOR MARKET FINDINGS
    • 2.6.1. STANDARDIZATION AND DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
    • 2.6.2. PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS ARE THE MOST COMMONLY RECYCLED AND REUSED TYPE OF FUEL CELL
    • 2.6.3. PYROMETALLURGICAL RECYCLING IS THE PRIMARY PROCESS UTILIZED FOR FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE
    • 2.6.4. TRANSPORTATION IS THE LEADING END USE INDUSTRY FOR FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE

3. MARKET DYNAMICS

  • 3.1. KEY DRIVERS
    • 3.1.1. SCARCITY OF PRECIOUS METALS
    • 3.1.2. RISING ADOPTION OF FUEL CELL VEHICLES ACROSS INDUSTRIES
    • 3.1.3. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN RECYCLING METHODS
  • 3.2. KEY RESTRAINTS
    • 3.2.1. HIGH COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH RECYCLING
    • 3.2.2. TECHNICAL COMPLEXITY OF RECYCLING FUEL CELLS

4. KEY ANALYTICS

  • 4.1. PARENT MARKET ANALYSIS
  • 4.2. KEY MARKET TRENDS
    • 4.2.1. DEVELOPMENT OF RECYCLING-FRIENDLY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES
    • 4.2.2. REGULATIONS DRIVE FUEL CELL RECYCLING, ENCOURAGING MATERIAL RECOVERY AND SUSTAINABLE TECH INVESTMENTS
  • 4.3. PESTLE ANALYSIS
    • 4.3.1. POLITICAL
    • 4.3.2. ECONOMICAL
    • 4.3.3. SOCIAL
    • 4.3.4. TECHNOLOGICAL
    • 4.3.5. LEGAL
    • 4.3.6. ENVIRONMENTAL
  • 4.4. PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
    • 4.4.1. BUYERS POWER
    • 4.4.2. SUPPLIERS POWER
    • 4.4.3. SUBSTITUTION
    • 4.4.4. NEW ENTRANTS
    • 4.4.5. INDUSTRY RIVALRY
  • 4.5. GROWTH PROSPECT MAPPING
    • 4.5.1. GROWTH PROSPECT MAPPING FOR JAPAN
  • 4.6. MARKET MATURITY ANALYSIS
  • 4.7. MARKET CONCENTRATION ANALYSIS
  • 4.8. VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
    • 4.8.1. RAW MATERIAL PROCUREMENT
    • 4.8.2. FUEL CELL MANUFACTURING
    • 4.8.3. FUEL CELL USAGE
    • 4.8.4. END-OF-LIFE MANAGEMENT
    • 4.8.5. DISMANTLING & RECYCLING
    • 4.8.6. SECONDARY MARKET AND REUSE
    • 4.8.7. DISPOSAL OF NON-RECYCLABLE MATERIALS
  • 4.9. KEY BUYING CRITERIA
    • 4.9.1. COST EFFECTIVENESS
    • 4.9.2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
    • 4.9.3. REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
    • 4.9.4. TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS EFFICIENCY
    • 4.9.5. RELIABILITY AND CONSISTENCY
  • 4.10. FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

5. MARKET BY TYPE

  • 5.1. PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS (PEMFCS)
    • 5.1.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
    • 5.1.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
  • 5.2. SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFCS)
    • 5.2.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
    • 5.2.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
  • 5.3. MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS (MCFCS)
    • 5.3.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
    • 5.3.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
  • 5.4. PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELLS (PAFCS)
    • 5.4.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
    • 5.4.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
  • 5.5. OTHER TYPES
    • 5.5.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
    • 5.5.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS

6. MARKET BY RECYCLING PROCESS

  • 6.1. PYROMETALLURGICAL RECYCLING
    • 6.1.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
    • 6.1.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
  • 6.2. HYDROMETALLURGICAL RECYCLING
    • 6.2.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
    • 6.2.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
  • 6.3. MECHANICAL RECYCLING
    • 6.3.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
    • 6.3.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
  • 6.4. OTHER RECYCLING PROCESSES
    • 6.4.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
    • 6.4.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS

7. MARKET BY END USE INDUSTRY

  • 7.1. TRANSPORTATION
    • 7.1.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
    • 7.1.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
  • 7.2. STATIONARY POWER GENERATION
    • 7.2.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
    • 7.2.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
  • 7.3. PORTABLE POWER GENERATION
    • 7.3.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
    • 7.3.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS

8. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • 8.1. KEY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS
    • 8.1.1. MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS
    • 8.1.2. PRODUCT LAUNCHES & DEVELOPMENTS
    • 8.1.3. PARTNERSHIPS & AGREEMENTS
    • 8.1.4. BUSINESS EXPANSIONS & DIVESTITURES
  • 8.2. COMPANY PROFILES
    • 8.2.1. BALLARD POWER
      • 8.2.1.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
      • 8.2.1.2. PRODUCTS
      • 8.2.1.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
    • 8.2.2. BLOOM ENERGY
      • 8.2.2.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
      • 8.2.2.2. PRODUCTS
      • 8.2.2.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
    • 8.2.3. CUMINS INC
      • 8.2.3.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
      • 8.2.3.2. PRODUCTS
      • 8.2.3.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
    • 8.2.4. DOOSAN CORPORATION
      • 8.2.4.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
      • 8.2.4.2. PRODUCTS
      • 8.2.4.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
    • 8.2.5. JOHNSON MATTHEY
      • 8.2.5.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
      • 8.2.5.2. PRODUCTS
      • 8.2.5.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
    • 8.2.6. NEDSTACK FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY BV
      • 8.2.6.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
      • 8.2.6.2. PRODUCTS
      • 8.2.6.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
    • 8.2.7. ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
      • 8.2.7.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
      • 8.2.7.2. PRODUCTS
      • 8.2.7.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES

LIST OF TABLES

  • TABLE 1: MARKET SNAPSHOT - FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE
  • TABLE 2: JAPAN REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
  • TABLE 3: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY TYPE, HISTORICAL YEARS 2018-2022 (IN $ MILLION)
  • TABLE 4: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY TYPE, FORECAST YEARS 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • TABLE 5: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY RECYCLING PROCESS, HISTORICAL YEARS 2018-2022 (IN $ MILLION)
  • TABLE 6: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY RECYCLING PROCESS, FORECAST YEARS 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • TABLE 7: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY END USE INDUSTRY, HISTORICAL YEARS 2018-2022 (IN $ MILLION)
  • TABLE 8: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY END USE INDUSTRY, FORECAST YEARS 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • TABLE 9: LIST OF MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS
  • TABLE 10: LIST OF PRODUCT LAUNCHES & DEVELOPMENTS
  • TABLE 11: LIST OF PARTNERSHIPS & AGREEMENTS
  • TABLE 12: LIST OF BUSINESS EXPANSIONS & DIVESTITURES

LIST OF FIGURES

  • FIGURE 1: KEY MARKET TRENDS
  • FIGURE 2: PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
  • FIGURE 3: GROWTH PROSPECT MAPPING FOR JAPAN
  • FIGURE 4: MARKET CONCENTRATION ANALYSIS
  • FIGURE 5: VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
  • FIGURE 6: KEY BUYING CRITERIA
  • FIGURE 7: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, GROWTH POTENTIAL, BY TYPE, IN 2023
  • FIGURE 8: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS (PEMFCS), 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • FIGURE 9: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFCS), 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • FIGURE 10: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS (MCFCS), 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • FIGURE 11: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELLS (PAFCS), 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • FIGURE 12: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY OTHER TYPES, 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • FIGURE 13: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, GROWTH POTENTIAL, BY RECYCLING PROCESS, IN 2023
  • FIGURE 14: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY PYROMETALLURGICAL RECYCLING, 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • FIGURE 15: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY HYDROMETALLURGICAL RECYCLING, 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • FIGURE 16: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY MECHANICAL RECYCLING, 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • FIGURE 17: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY OTHER RECYCLING PROCESSES, 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • FIGURE 18: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, GROWTH POTENTIAL, BY END USE INDUSTRY, IN 2023
  • FIGURE 19: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY TRANSPORTATION, 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • FIGURE 20: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY STATIONARY POWER GENERATION, 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
  • FIGURE 21: JAPAN FUEL CELL STACK RECYCLING AND REUSE MARKET, BY PORTABLE POWER GENERATION, 2024-2032 (IN $ MILLION)