ITS (智慧型運輸系統) - 實現聯網汽車及自動駕駛車:技術、市場、標準化、產業

Intelligent Transportation Systems - Towards Connected and Autonomous Cars: Technologies, Markets, Standardization, Industry

出版日期: 2023年01月20日 | 出版商:

PracTel, Inc. | 英文 172 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

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本報告提供ITS (智慧型運輸系統) 的市場調查，ITS概要，結構和主要技術，標準化趨勢，聯網汽車及自動駕駛車的技術開發趨勢等資料。

The advances in the ITS are presently tied with the development of a "Connected Car" (CC) - a moving car that is wirelessly connected with surrounding cars and the infrastructure (as well as supporting connectivity inside of a car). Such a car opens a spectrum of new and exciting opportunities for automakers, service providers and users.

CC programs are now under development all around the globe. Though there are many technological choices to support CC communications, two technologies are leading:

5.9 GHz DSRC, and
C-V2X.

The report concentrates on those leaders; and analyzes their characteristics, parameters, marketing statistics, industries and the spectrum of applications. It also compares these technologies and their applicability to CC communications.

5.9 GHz DSRC technology is being tested and trialed in the U.S. for the last 25 years; and a rich collection of communications channels statistics has been gathered. This technology was considered for standardization of CC communications by the U.S. DOT. It has many attractions, such as the economies of scale based on the IEEE 802.11p standard, network simplicity and other. It also standardized and accepted in Europe.

Note that the 2020 FCC rulemaking regarding the 5.9 GHz spectrum sharing established a solid ground for C-V2X technologies to lead CC communications.

Utilization LTE-A and its modifications for C-V2X communications attracts users by longer reaches, higher speeds, possibility of low latency (1-3 ms), and utilization of the cellular infrastructure in which CC communications will be only one of many use cases. The standard was finalized in Release 14 of the 3GPP; and the technology is lately under extensive testing, trialing and initial commercialization. Two methods are being developed: a) D2D communications, and b) Broadcast communications. They are discussed in the report.

The report details specifics of 5.9 GHz DSRC and LTE-A for CC communications, their marketing aspects, and the related legislative work. It also concentrates on benefits and limitations of each technology and surveys related industries.

The industry concentrated attention on the design and production of electronics that can support both technologies in one package - this is the current trend in CC communications chipsets manufacturing.

This particular report also addresses the ITS progress in reaching its ultimate goal - to make a car "intelligent" enough to safely drive without a human participation. It also updates the status of a driverless car development in connection with transition to the 5G era: the industry identified driverless cars as most viable form of ITS, dominating the roadways by 2040 and sparking dramatic changes in vehicular travel. The report discusses the specifics of the 5G era as they are seen by the industry at the present time with emphasis on what 5G technologies can bring to the driverless car.

Such a car was considered by many as a scientists' dream only 10-15 years ago; now it is a reality and all predictions are that driverless cars will hit the roads in 6-8 years. A fully developed driverless car can function only in the 5G (or later generations) environments.

The report provides overview of the current status of the driverless car development, pictures the future steps, which the industry is planning, analyzes roadblocks, and emphasizes the importance of standardization - several organizations are working in this direction. The analysis concentrates on technological and marketing aspects of driverless cars and also on the status of the industry.

The survey of driverless cars projects currently underway is conducted. Initial marketing statistics are developed.

The report is intended for a wide audience of technical and managerial staff involved in the ITS development; and, particular, for specialists working on CC and driverless cars programs.

1.0. Introduction

1.1. Statistics
1.2. Goal
1.3. Scope
1.4. Research Methodology
1.5. Target Audience

2.0. ITS: Systems in Actions

2.1. General
2.2. Composition
- 2.2.1. Formation
- 2.2.2. Subsystems
- 2.2.3. Layers and Components-Roadways
2.3. Key Technologies
2.4. ITS Standardization: In Progress
- 2.4.1. Overview
- 2.4.2. ETSI- Europe
- 2.4.3. U.S.
  - 2.4.3.1. General
  - 2.4.3.2. National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol (NTCIP)
    - 2.4.3.2.1. Scope
    - 2.4.3.2.2. Family
- 2.4.4. International
  - 2.4.4.1. General
  - 2.4.4.2. ITU
  - 2.4.4.3. 3GPP
- 2.4.5. Summary
2.5. ITS Functionalities
- 2.5.1. Intelligent Infrastructure
- 2.5.2. Intelligent Vehicles
2.6. ITS Market Statistics
- 2.6.1. General
- 2.6.2. Assumptions
- 2.6.3. Estimate

3.0. Connected Car Specifics

3.1. General
- 3.1.1. Types of Connectivity
3.2. Legislation
- 3.2.1. U.S.
  - 3.2.1.1. NHTSA Actions and Plans
- 3.2.2. Directions
  - 3.2.2.1. EU and England
  - 3.2.2.2. Varieties
3.3. Properties and Requirements
- 3.3.1. Methods
- 3.3.2. Network Requirements: 5G
- 3.3.3. Functional Technologies
  - 3.3.3.1. Wi-Fi (in addition to 802.11p)
  - 3.3.3.2. Bluetooth Smart
  - 3.3.3.3. Near Field Communication (NFC)
  - 3.3.3.4. Integrated GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)
  - 3.3.3.5. Automotive Ethernet
  - 3.3.3.6. Fiber Connectivity
3.4. CC: Driving Forces
3.5. Major Use Cases
3.6. Market

4.0. 5.9 GHz DSRC

4.1. General
- 4.1.1. History- Spectrum
  - 4.1.1.1. Recent Developments-Spectrum Sharing
  - 4.1.1.2. Opinions
  - 4.1.1.3. FCC Ruling
4.2. Industry Efforts- Cooperation
4.3. Place
4.4. Structure and Protocols
- 4.4.1. Requirements
- 4.4.2. Milestones
- 4.4.3. IEEE 802.11p
  - 4.4.3.1. General
  - 4.4.3.2. Objectives and Status
  - 4.4.3.3. ASTM Contributions
  - 4.4.3.4. Characteristics
- 4.4.4. IEEE 1609
  - 4.4.4.1. General
  - 4.4.4.2. Overview
  - 4.4.4.3. IEEE 1609 in Use
- 4.4.5. ETSI ITS-G5-Major Features
- 4.4.6. ISO and DSRC
- 4.4.7. SAE and DSRC
4.5. Components and Procedures
- 4.5.1. Components
- 4.5.2. Procedures
4.6. Major Applications
- 4.6.1. EPS
4.7. Spectrum-DSRC- International
- 4.7.1. Channels Designation
4.8. Services
- 4.8.1. Major Services
- 4.8.2. Service Categories
- 4.8.3. Service Requirements
4.9. Summary: 5.9 GHz DSRC Characteristics
4.10. Benefits and Limitations-5.9 GHz DSRC
- 4.10.1. General
- 4.10.2. Toll Industry Benefits
- 4.10.3. Limitations
4.11. Comparison
- 4.11.1. 915 MHz DSRC and 5.9 GHz DSRC
- 4.11.2. CEN278 (5.8 GHz) DSRC and 5.9 GHz DSRC
4.12. Market Segment
- 4.12.1. Market Drivers
- 4.12.2. Market Requirements
- 4.12.3. Market Estimate
4.13. Industry
- 4.13.1. Industry Coalition
- 4.13.2. Recent Projects
- 4.13.3. Vendors
  - AutoTalks
  - Cohda Wireless
  - Delphi
  - Kapsch
  - NXP
  - Siemens
  - Qualcomm
  - u-blox
4.14. Views
4.15. Advancements: 802.11bd
- 4.15.1. Requirements-Advanced Vehicles Applications
- 4.15.2. 802.11p Evolution

5.0. Cellular Technologies and Connected Car

5.1. Two Groups
5.2. 3GPP Activities
- 5.2.1. Modes of Operations
  - 5.2.1.1. D2D Communications
    - 5.2.1.1.1. 3GPP Release 16 Additions
  - 5.2.1.2. C-V2X Broadcast
- 5.2.3. Performance Comparison
- 5.2.4. Further Steps
5.3. Industry
- Autotalks
- AT&T/Audi-Tesla
- Broadcom
- Commsignia
- Cohda Wireless
- Ficosa
- GM
- Qualcomm
- Veoneer

6.0. Comparison: DSRC-WAVE and C-V2X

6.1. General
6.2. Details
- 6.2.1. Readiness
- 6.2.2. Networking
- 6.2.3. Range
- 6.2.4. Response
- 6.2.5. Scalability
- 6.2.6. Economics
- 6.2.7. Speed of Transmission
- 6.2.8. Versatility
- 6.2.9. Telematics
6.3. 5G Vision
- 6.3.1. Potential Benefits of C- V2X
6.4. Trend

7.0. Connected Car-Trials, Groups and Alliances

7.1. Open Automotive Alliance
7.2. 4G Venture Forum for Connected Cars
7.3. Apple-iOS in the Car
7.4. Connected Vehicle to Everything of Tomorrow Consortium (ConVeX)
7.5. WWW Consortium
7.6. GSMA Connected Car Forum
7.7. Car Connectivity Consortium
7.8. Towards 5G Partnership
7.9. 5GAA

8.0. Evolving of Driverless Car

8.1. Growing Together
8.2. Directions and Issues
8.3. ADAS
8.4. Current Status-Legislation and Insurance
- 8.4.1. The U.S.
- 8.4.2. The GB
  - 8.4.2.1. Details
- 8.4.3. China
- 8.4.4. Germany
8.5. Major Benefits
8.6. Solutions
8.7. Market Projections and Price
8.8. Phases
- 8.8.1. Required Characteristics
8.9. Industry and R&D
- 8.9.1. Automakers
  - 8.9.1.1. Audi
    - 8.9.1.1.1. First Level 3 Car
    - 8.9.1.1.2. Progress
  - 8.9.1.2. Ford
  - 8.9.1.3. GM
  - 8.9.1.4. Nissan
    - 8.9.1.4.1. Getting Closer
  - 8.9.1.5. Daimler/Mercedes
    - 8.9.1.5.1. Autonomous Truck
    - 8.9.1.5.2. Developments
  - 8.9.1.6. VW and AdaptIVe Consortium
    - 8.9.1.6.1. AdaptIVe Consortium
    - 8.9.1.6.2. Activity
  - 8.9.1.7. Volvo Cars
  - 8.9.1.8. Tesla Motors
  - 8.9.1.9. SAIC
  - 8.9.1.10. BMW
  - 8.9.1.11. Other
- 8.9.2. R&D and Competitors
  - 8.9.2.1. Alphabet/Google-ProjectX-Waymo
  - 8.9.2.2. Baidu
  - 8.9.2.3. DOTs
  - 8.9.2.4. Telecom Readiness: Driverless Car- 5G Communications
    - 8.9.2.4.1. Huawei
    - 8.9.2.4.2. Swisscom
  - 8.9.2.5. QNX
  - 8.9.2.6. Continental Automotive
  - 8.9.2.7. Nvidia
- 8.9.3. Start-ups
  - 8.9.3.1. Cruise Automotive
  - 8.9.3.2. Induct Technologies
  - 8.9.3.3. Uber/Aurora
  - 8.9.3.4. Lyft/Toyota
  - 8.9.3.5. Nuro
  - 8.9.3.6. Aurora
  - 8.9.3.7. Poni.ai
  - 8.9.3.8. TuSimple
  - 8.9.3.9. Beep
  - 8.9.3.10. Jidu
8.10. Standardization
- 8.10.1. NHTSA
  - 8.10.1.1. Levels
- 8.10.2. SAE International
  - 8.10.2.1. USA Preparedness
- 8.10.3. IEEE
- 8.10.4. Chinese Standards
  - 8.10.4.1. General
  - 8.10.4.2. AV classification
- 8.10.5. AECC
- 8.10.6. Summary
8.11. COVID-19: Impact on Driverless Car Development
- 8.11.1. Major Changes