首頁 > 市場調查報告書 > 材料

有機化合物

市場調查報告書

商品編碼

1586662

二甲苯市場 - 全球產業規模、佔有率、趨勢、機會和預測，按類型、應用、地區和競爭細分，2019-2029F

Xylene Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Type, By Application, By Region and Competition, 2019-2029F

出版日期: 2024年11月08日 | 出版商:

TechSci Research | 英文 185 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

價格

簡介目錄

2023年全球二甲苯市場估值為302.7億美元，預計2029年將達到381.0億美元，預測期內複合年成長率為4.11%。全球二甲苯市場在化學工業中發揮著至關重要的作用，是生產塑膠、油漆和黏合劑等眾多產品的關鍵原料。二甲苯是一種從原油中提取的揮發性芳香烴，主要用於生產聚酯纖維和聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET)，廣泛用於包裝材料、紡織品和瓶子。

市場概況
預測期	2025-2029
2023 年市場規模	302.7億美元
2029 年市場規模	381億美元
2024-2029 年複合年成長率	4.11%
成長最快的細分市場	鄰二甲苯
最大的市場	北美洲

包裝（尤其是食品和飲料行業）對 PET 的需求不斷成長，是二甲苯市場的主要成長動力。 PET 是二甲苯的衍生物，因其輕質、可回收和耐用的特性而受到高度重視，使其成為包裝應用的理想選擇。隨著瓶裝飲料和包裝食品消費量的不斷增加，特別是在新興經濟體，作為 PET 生產原料的二甲苯需求持續上升。

二甲苯是透過煉油和石化過程從原油中提取的，因此其市場對油價波動高度敏感。地緣政治緊張局勢、歐佩克成員國產量變化或全球需求變化所導致的原油價格波動直接影響二甲苯生產成本。這給生產商帶來了不確定性，他們可能在維持穩定的價格和利潤率方面面臨困難。

二甲苯被歸類為危險化學品，其在工業應用中的使用具有潛在的健康風險。接觸二甲苯蒸氣會導致各種健康問題，包括呼吸問題、頭暈和長期器官損傷。因此，許多國家都制定了嚴格的安全法規和工作場所標準來限制二甲苯接觸。遵守這些法規需要對安全措施進行持續投資，這可能會增加生產成本。

主要市場促進因素

聚合物產業二甲苯需求不斷成長

塗料產業對二甲苯的需求不斷成長

主要市場挑戰

原料價格波動

主要市場趨勢

二甲苯生產技術進步

細分市場洞察

類型洞察

應用洞察

區域洞察

Global Xylene Market was valued at USD 30.27 Billion in 2023 and is expected to reach USD 38.10 Billion by 2029 with a CAGR of 4.11% during the forecast period. The global xylene market plays a vital role in the chemical industry, serving as a key raw material in the production of numerous products, ranging from plastics to paints and adhesives. Xylene, a volatile aromatic hydrocarbon derived from crude oil, is primarily used in the production of polyester fibers and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), widely utilized in packaging materials, textiles, and bottles.

Market Overview
Forecast Period	2025-2029
Market Size 2023	USD 30.27 Billion
Market Size 2029	USD 38.10 Billion
CAGR 2024-2029	4.11%
Fastest Growing Segment	O-Xylene
Largest Market	North America

The rising demand for PET in packaging, particularly in the food and beverage sector, is a major growth driver for the xylene market. PET, a derivative of xylene, is highly valued for its lightweight, recyclable, and durable properties, making it ideal for packaging applications. With the increasing consumption of bottled beverages and packaged foods, especially in emerging economies, the demand for xylene as a feedstock for PET production continues to rise.

Xylene is derived from crude oil through refining and petrochemical processes, making its market highly sensitive to fluctuations in oil prices. Volatility in crude oil prices, driven by geopolitical tensions, changes in production by OPEC members, or shifts in global demand, directly impacts the cost of xylene production. This creates uncertainty for producers, who may face difficulties in maintaining stable pricing and profit margins.

Xylene is classified as a hazardous chemical, with potential health risks associated with its use in industrial applications. Exposure to xylene vapors can lead to various health issues, including respiratory problems, dizziness, and long-term organ damage. As a result, stringent safety regulations and workplace standards are in place in many countries to limit xylene exposure. Compliance with these regulations requires ongoing investment in safety measures, which can increase production costs.

Key Market Drivers

Growing Demand of Xylene in Polymer Industry

Xylene plays a critical role in the polymer industry, particularly in the production of PET, which is used extensively in packaging, textiles, and automotive components. As a precursor to terephthalic acid (PTA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), both of which are essential in PET production, xylene's demand has surged in line with the growing polymer market.

PET's lightweight, durable, and recyclable properties make it a favored choice in industries seeking sustainable packaging solutions. The global shift toward eco-friendly products and increased demand for packaging materials that meet environmental regulations has further driven the production of PET. Consequently, the demand for xylene, as a key raw material, continues to rise, positioning it as a major factor in the global xylene market's growth.

The polymer industry's expansion is closely linked to the rising demand from automotive and packaging sectors, both of which rely heavily on xylene-derived polymers. The automotive industry, in particular, is increasingly incorporating lightweight and high-performance plastics to reduce vehicle weight, enhance fuel efficiency, and meet regulatory standards on emissions. Xylene-based polymers like PET and polypropylene are crucial in manufacturing components such as fuel tanks, bumpers, and interior parts.

Similarly, the packaging industry's growth is further driving demand for PET, which is used in a wide range of applications, including food and beverage containers, personal care products, and household items. As consumer demand for lightweight, durable, and sustainable packaging continues to increase, the demand for xylene, as a vital component in PET production, grows in parallel. The combination of expanding end-use industries and the versatility of xylene-based polymers positions xylene as a key driver in the global market.

Growing Demand of Xylene in Paint Industry

Xylene's ability to dissolve various substances, including binders, pigments, and additives, makes it indispensable in the formulation of paints and coatings. Its excellent solvency allows for the creation of smooth, high-quality finishes, making it essential in both industrial and decorative applications. In addition, xylene's fast evaporation rate enables paints to dry quickly, making it an attractive choice for manufacturers seeking to enhance the efficiency and performance of their products. This is particularly important in industries such as automotive, construction, and consumer goods, where fast-drying, durable coatings are in high demand.

The growth of the construction and automotive sectors is directly contributing to the rising demand for xylene in the paint industry. Both industries require large quantities of high-quality paints and coatings for applications such as protective finishes, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic enhancements. Xylene, as a key solvent in these formulations, is critical to achieving the desired performance characteristics in these demanding applications. With the ongoing expansion of construction projects and automotive production worldwide, particularly in emerging markets, the demand for xylene is expected to grow accordingly.

The shift towards high-performance, specialized coatings across various industries is another factor driving the demand for xylene. As manufacturers focus on improving the durability, chemical resistance, and environmental impact of their products, xylene plays a pivotal role in delivering enhanced performance in advanced coating formulations. These high-performance coatings are widely used in industrial settings, automotive applications, and infrastructure projects, where they offer superior protection against harsh environmental conditions.

Advancements in paint and coating technologies have also contributed to the growing demand for xylene. Manufacturers are increasingly developing new formulations that require solvents like xylene to achieve optimal results. These formulations, designed to meet specific industry needs such as reduced drying times, improved adhesion, and enhanced durability, rely on xylene's solvent properties to deliver superior performance. As these technologies evolve, the need for xylene as a solvent in these cutting-edge applications will continue to rise.

Key Market Challenges

Volatility in Price of Feedstock

Xylene, a petrochemical derivative, relies heavily on crude oil and natural gas as primary feedstocks, making its pricing structure highly sensitive to fluctuations in global oil markets. The unpredictable nature of these raw material costs presents both operational and strategic challenges for xylene manufacturers and end-users across industries.

As a direct derivative of crude oil, xylene's market dynamics are closely tied to global oil prices. The cost of crude oil is influenced by a range of factors including geopolitical tensions, changes in supply and demand, OPEC production decisions, and natural disasters affecting oil-producing regions. These factors create a ripple effect that directly impacts xylene production costs, making it difficult for companies to plan long-term pricing strategies.

For example, during periods of heightened geopolitical tensions in oil-producing regions, such as the Middle East, supply disruptions can lead to spikes in crude oil prices. This increase translates to higher feedstock costs for xylene producers, which ultimately raises the prices of xylene-derived products, including polyester fibers, plastics, and solvents. Such price volatility can erode profit margins and make it difficult for companies to maintain stable pricing for their customers.

The erratic nature of feedstock prices forces xylene manufacturers to adopt flexible pricing models, which can lead to unpredictable revenue streams. Companies that are unable to effectively pass on the increased costs to their customers face shrinking margins, while those that do adjust prices risk losing market share to competitors who may have more stable supply chains or diversified sourcing strategies.

Additionally, the reliance on crude oil makes the xylene market vulnerable to sudden economic shocks. During the COVID-19 pandemic, for instance, oil prices collapsed due to decreased global demand, creating short-term relief for xylene producers in terms of lower feedstock costs. However, as the market recovered, crude oil prices surged again, bringing about new cost pressures that manufacturers needed to address.

Key Market Trends

Technological Advancements in Production of Xylene

One of the most significant advancements in xylene production is the optimization of refining and aromatics processing techniques. Traditional methods, such as catalytic reforming and pyrolysis gasoline processing, have long been utilized to produce xylene from crude oil. However, emerging technologies are now focused on improving the separation and purification of xylene isomers, including paraxylene, orthoxylene, and metaxylene, from mixed xylene streams.

Enhanced fractionation methods have notably increased the efficiency of separating xylene isomers, which is critical for producing high-purity paraxylene. These innovations have contributed to reduced energy consumption, lower operational costs, and higher yields of valuable products.

In October 2020, the "Biorefinery and Sustainable Chemistry" team at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam developed a green, sustainable method for selective p-xylene (pXL) synthesis. Their approach uses a heterogeneously catalyzed three-step process: Diels-Alder cycloaddition of biologically derived 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) to acrylic acid (AA), dehydration to form a phenyl ring, and final decarboxylation to pXL in a continuous flow system.

Another groundbreaking development is the implementation of Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) technology in xylene production. This continuous chromatographic separation process offers higher selectivity and throughput compared to traditional batch distillation methods, particularly benefiting paraxylene production, which is essential for manufacturing polyester fibers and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics.

Catalyst technology also plays a crucial role in xylene production, and recent innovations are transforming the field. Enhanced catalyst formulations are improving conversion rates and selectivity in key processes like isomerization and disproportionation, both of which are essential for efficient xylene production.

Additionally, advancements in carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes, derived from a spirobifluorene-based polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-SBF), have introduced new possibilities for xylene isomer separation. These CMS membranes, which are solvent- and temperature-resistant, can withstand high transmembrane pressures and offer competitive performance against state-of-the-art zeolites under high xylene loadings. Their development has provided valuable insights into manipulating CMS pore structures, potentially reducing energy consumption, carbon emissions, and equipment footprint.

Segmental Insights

Type Insights

Based on Type, O-Xylene have emerged as the fastest growing segment in the Global Xylene Market in 2023. O-Xylene is a key component in the production of plasticizers and polyester resins, which are used extensively in the automotive sector. The rising demand for lightweight vehicles, which require strong yet lightweight materials, has led to increased use of plasticizers and resins in car manufacturing. This shift toward energy-efficient vehicles, especially in emerging markets such as China and India, is driving demand for O-Xylene, as it serves as a fundamental input in producing these materials.

The global construction sector is witnessing robust growth, particularly in developing regions. O-Xylene-derived phthalic anhydride is used in the production of alkyd resins, which are essential in paints and coatings used for construction purposes. As urbanization continues and infrastructure projects expand in countries across Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East, the demand for high-quality paints and coatings is on the rise, boosting the need for O-Xylene.

O-Xylene is used in the production of various consumer goods, including adhesives, plastics, and solvents. With the growing consumer demand for electronics, packaging materials, and household products, industries are increasingly utilizing O-Xylene in their manufacturing processes. The global trend toward greater consumption of durable and high-quality consumer goods, particularly in regions with rising disposable income levels, is driving the need for O-Xylene.

Application Insights

Based on Application, Ink & Dye have emerged as the fastest growing segment in the Global Xylene Market during the forecast period. One of the main drivers of the growing demand for xylene in the ink and dye industry is the increasing use of high-performance inks in industrial applications. Industries such as packaging, textiles, and printing rely on inks with superior adhesion, fast drying times, and long-lasting vibrancy. Xylene is widely used as a solvent in the production of these high-performance inks due to its ability to dissolve and mix various components, enhancing the quality and durability of the final product.

The packaging industry, in particular, is seeing a surge in demand for inks that can adhere to a variety of surfaces, including plastics, glass, and metals. Xylene-based inks offer the necessary properties for achieving high-quality prints that withstand environmental factors such as heat, moisture, and UV exposure. This demand for versatile and durable inks in packaging is fueling the growth of the ink and dye segment within the xylene market.

The global textile and fashion industry is another key factor contributing to the rise of the ink and dye segment in the xylene market. The need for vibrant and long-lasting colors in textiles, particularly in fashion and home furnishings, is driving the demand for xylene-based dyes. Xylene serves as an effective solvent in the dyeing process, ensuring that colors are evenly distributed and penetrate deeply into fibers.

Regional Insights

Based on Region, North America have emerged as the dominating region in the Global Xylene Market in 2023. One of the primary reasons for North America's leadership in the xylene market is its well-developed industrial infrastructure. The region is home to a wide range of industries that utilize xylene, including paints and coatings, automotive, and chemical manufacturing. This diverse industrial landscape ensures a steady demand for xylene, making it a key component in various manufacturing processes. The established infrastructure facilitates efficient supply chains, enabling quick and reliable distribution to end-users.

North America boasts significant production capabilities for xylene, driven by a robust petrochemical industry. The region benefits from abundant natural resources, including shale oil and gas, which have led to increased feedstock availability for petrochemical production. Major chemical companies in North America have invested heavily in advanced refining and extraction technologies, resulting in high-quality xylene production at competitive costs. This production strength allows North American companies to meet domestic and global demand effectively.

The demand for xylene is particularly robust in several key industries, such as paints and coatings, adhesives, and plastics. In the paints and coatings sector, for example, xylene serves as a critical solvent, enhancing the performance and durability of formulations. As the construction and automotive industries continue to expand, the need for high-quality coatings and adhesives is rising, further driving xylene consumption. North America's strong manufacturing base in these industries ensures a consistent demand for xylene.

Key Market Players

Shell International B.V.
TotalEnergies SE
Braskem Europe GmbH
BASF SE
Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC.
China National Petroleum Corporation
Exxon Mobil Corporation
LOTTE Chemical CORPORATION
Reliance Industries Limited
Honeywell International Inc.

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Xylene Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Xylene Market, By Type:

O-Xylene
M-Xylene
P-Xylene

Xylene Market, By Application:

Plastic & Polymer
Paints & Coatings
Adhesives
Ink & Dye
Cosmetics
Others

Xylene Market, By Region:

North America
- United States
- Canada
- Mexico
Europe
- France
- United Kingdom
- Italy
- Germany
- Spain
Asia Pacific
- China
- India
- Japan
- Australia
- South Korea
South America
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Colombia
Middle East & Africa
- South Africa
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Xylene Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Xylene Market report with the given market data, Tech Sci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

1. Product Overview

1.1. Market Definition
1.2. Scope of the Market
- 1.2.1. Markets Covered
- 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
- 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

2.1. Objective of the Study
2.2. Baseline Methodology
2.3. Key Industry Partners
2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
2.5. Forecasting Methodology
2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

3.1. Overview of the Market
3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

4. Impact of COVID-19 on Global Xylene Market

5. Global Xylene Market Outlook

5.1. Market Size & Forecast
- 5.1.1. By Value
5.2. Market Share & Forecast
- 5.2.1. By Type (O-Xylene, M-Xylene, P-Xylene)
- 5.2.2. By Application (Plastic & Polymer, Paints & Coatings, Adhesives, Ink & Dye, Cosmetics, Others)
- 5.2.3. By Region
- 5.2.4. By Company (2023)
5.3. Market Map

6. North America Xylene Market Outlook

6.1. Market Size & Forecast
- 6.1.1. By Value
6.2. Market Share & Forecast
- 6.2.1. By Type
- 6.2.2. By Application
- 6.2.3. By Country
6.3. North America: Country Analysis
- 6.3.1. United States Xylene Market Outlook
  - 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
  - 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 6.3.1.2.1. By Type
    - 6.3.1.2.2. By Application
- 6.3.2. Mexico Xylene Market Outlook
  - 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
  - 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 6.3.2.2.1. By Type
    - 6.3.2.2.2. By Application
- 6.3.3. Canada Xylene Market Outlook
  - 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
  - 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 6.3.3.2.1. By Type
    - 6.3.3.2.2. By Application

7. Europe Xylene Market Outlook

7.1. Market Size & Forecast
- 7.1.1. By Value
7.2. Market Share & Forecast
- 7.2.1. By Type
- 7.2.2. By Application
- 7.2.3. By Country
7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
- 7.3.1. France Xylene Market Outlook
  - 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
  - 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 7.3.1.2.1. By Type
    - 7.3.1.2.2. By Application
- 7.3.2. Germany Xylene Market Outlook
  - 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
  - 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 7.3.2.2.1. By Type
    - 7.3.2.2.2. By Application
- 7.3.3. United Kingdom Xylene Market Outlook
  - 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
  - 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 7.3.3.2.1. By Type
    - 7.3.3.2.2. By Application
- 7.3.4. Italy Xylene Market Outlook
  - 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
  - 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 7.3.4.2.1. By Type
    - 7.3.4.2.2. By Application
- 7.3.5. Spain Xylene Market Outlook
  - 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
  - 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 7.3.5.2.1. By Type
    - 7.3.5.2.2. By Application

8. Asia Pacific Xylene Market Outlook

8.1. Market Size & Forecast
- 8.1.1. By Value
8.2. Market Share & Forecast
- 8.2.1. By Type
- 8.2.2. By Application
- 8.2.3. By Country
8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
- 8.3.1. China Xylene Market Outlook
  - 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
  - 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 8.3.1.2.1. By Type
    - 8.3.1.2.2. By Application
- 8.3.2. India Xylene Market Outlook
  - 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
  - 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 8.3.2.2.1. By Type
    - 8.3.2.2.2. By Application
- 8.3.3. South Korea Xylene Market Outlook
  - 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
  - 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 8.3.3.2.1. By Type
    - 8.3.3.2.2. By Application
- 8.3.4. Japan Xylene Market Outlook
  - 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
  - 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 8.3.4.2.1. By Type
    - 8.3.4.2.2. By Application
- 8.3.5. Australia Xylene Market Outlook
  - 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
  - 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 8.3.5.2.1. By Type
    - 8.3.5.2.2. By Application

9. South America Xylene Market Outlook

9.1. Market Size & Forecast
- 9.1.1. By Value
9.2. Market Share & Forecast
- 9.2.1. By Type
- 9.2.2. By Application
- 9.2.3. By Country
9.3. South America: Country Analysis
- 9.3.1. Brazil Xylene Market Outlook
  - 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
  - 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 9.3.1.2.1. By Type
    - 9.3.1.2.2. By Application
- 9.3.2. Argentina Xylene Market Outlook
  - 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
  - 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 9.3.2.2.1. By Type
    - 9.3.2.2.2. By Application
- 9.3.3. Colombia Xylene Market Outlook
  - 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
  - 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 9.3.3.2.1. By Type
    - 9.3.3.2.2. By Application

10. Middle East and Africa Xylene Market Outlook

10.1. Market Size & Forecast
- 10.1.1. By Value
10.2. Market Share & Forecast
- 10.2.1. By Type
- 10.2.2. By Application
- 10.2.3. By Country
10.3. MEA: Country Analysis
- 10.3.1. South Africa Xylene Market Outlook
  - 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
  - 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 10.3.1.2.1. By Type
    - 10.3.1.2.2. By Application
- 10.3.2. Saudi Arabia Xylene Market Outlook
  - 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
  - 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 10.3.2.2.1. By Type
    - 10.3.2.2.2. By Application
- 10.3.3. UAE Xylene Market Outlook
  - 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
    - 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
  - 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
    - 10.3.3.2.1. By Type
    - 10.3.3.2.2. By Application

11. Market Dynamics

11.1. Drivers
11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Xylene Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porters Five Forces Analysis

14.1. Competition in the Industry
14.2. Potential of New Entrants
14.3. Power of Suppliers
14.4. Power of Customers
14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

15.1. Shell International B.V.
- 15.1.1. Business Overview
- 15.1.2. Company Snapshot
- 15.1.3. Products & Services
- 15.1.4. Financials (As Reported)
- 15.1.5. Recent Developments
- 15.1.6. Key Personnel Details
- 15.1.7. SWOT Analysis
15.2. TotalEnergies SE
15.3. Braskem Europe GmbH
15.4. BASF SE
15.5. Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC.
15.6. China National Petroleum Corporation
15.7. Exxon Mobil Corporation
15.8. LOTTE Chemical CORPORATION
15.9. Reliance Industries Limited
15.10. Honeywell International Inc.