電力購買契約(PPA)市場:現狀分析與預測(2024年～2032年)

Power Purchase Agreement Market: Current Analysis and Forecast (2024-2032)

出版日期: 2024年07月01日 | 出版商:

UnivDatos Market Insights Pvt Ltd | 英文 145 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

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簡介目錄

購電協議（PPA）通常是指電力生產者和消費者（電力消費者或交易者）兩方之間的長期供電合約。 PPA 定義了合約條款，包括供電量、協商價格、會計和違規處罰。由於許多驅動因素，包括環境問題的監管壓力以及引入再生能源的成本降低，購電協議市場正在快速成長。購電協議是一種財務上準備就緒且可接受的模式，可降低與能源價格波動相關的風險，並透過長期承購協議為大型專案提供財務緩衝。例如，2022年，亞馬遜宣佈在美國、西班牙和英國等多個國家簽署總計超過270萬千瓦再生能源容量的新購電協議。這些協議是亞馬遜承諾的一部分，即到 2025 年在其全球營運中實現 100% 可再生能源。

市場依類型分為實物交割 PPA、虛擬 PPA、投資組合 PPA、大宗交割 PPA 等。到 2023 年，虛擬購電協議將在購電協議 (PPA) 市場中佔據很大佔有率。 VPPA 在地點和風險管理方面提供靈活性。 VPPA 是一種金融合同，而不是實物交付合同，允許公司在不接收能源實體交付的情況下支持再生能源專案。這對於經營地點分散的公司來說尤其有利。

購電協議 (PPA) 市場按類別分為企業、政府和其他。企業部門在購電協議（PPA）中佔有主要市場佔有率。許多公司正在製定雄心勃勃的永續發展目標，以減少碳足跡並提高其環境、社會和治理 (ESG) 資格。購電協議可以滿足這些永續發展目標，因為它們提供了一種直接有效的方式來確保再生能源的安全。例如，Google、蘋果和微軟等公司已簽訂大規模購電協議，利用再生能源為自己供電。

購電協議（PPA）市場依規模分為20MW及以下、20-50MW、50-100MW及100MW以上。 100MW以上規模的部分佔購電協議（PPA）的最大佔有率。大型發電廠可以產生大量能源，這對於滿足大型企業和政府的高能源需求至關重要。透過一個專案生產大量再生能源的能力使這些發電廠對購電協議更具吸引力。

電力購買協議 (PPA) 市場根據太陽能、風能、地熱能、水力、碳捕獲和儲存等應用進行細分。在各種再生能源應用中，太陽能在購電協議（PPA）市場中佔據了重要佔有率。在過去的十年中，太陽能的成本顯著降低。技術知識的提高、大量採購和生產效率的提高使得降低太陽能板和其他產品的成本成為可能。此外，太陽能技術一致性的改進，包括太陽能電池效率的提高和先進太陽能儲存系統的開發，正在增加太陽能專案的可行性和吸引力。

為了更了解購電協議 (PPA) 的市場實施情況，市場包括北美（美國、加拿大、北美其他地區）、歐洲（德國、英國、法國、西班牙、義大利、歐洲其他地區）、亞太地區。北美在購電協議（PPA）市場中佔有重要佔有率。這是由於多種因素造成的，包括政策支援、可再生資源的充足供應以及企業對永續發展的高度重視。值得注意的是，美國已經實施了促進再生能源計畫的措施。透過購電協議推廣再生能源是由投資稅收抵免 (ITC) 等聯邦政策和再生能源組合標準 (RPS) 等州政策推動的。許多北美領先的全球公司，如Google、亞馬遜和微軟，都制定了永續發展目標。這些公司越來越多地透過購電協議從再生能源購買電力，以降低成本和溫室氣體排放。

市場上的一些主要參與者包括通用電氣、西門子、殼牌公司、Statkraft、Fairdeal Greentech India、NextEra Energy Resources、Enel Green Power、Orsted、Brookfield Renewable Partners、TotalEnergies。

A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) often refers to a long-term electricity supply agreement between two parties, usually between a power producer and a customer (an electricity consumer or trader). The PPA defines the conditions of the agreement, such as the amount of electricity to be supplied, negotiated prices, accounting, and penalties for non-compliance. The PPA market is growing fast because of the many drivers such as environmental concerns regulation pressures and the cost savings that accrue from adopting renewable energy. PPAs are a financially ready-made and acceptable model that reduces the risks associated with price fluctuation in energy and that presents projects at scale with a financial cushion through long-term offtake agreements. For instance: In 2022, Amazon announced several new PPAs, totalling over 2.7 GW of renewable energy capacity across multiple countries, including the U.S., Spain, and the U.K. These agreements are part of Amazon's commitment to achieve 100% renewable energy across its global operations by 2025.

Based on type the power purchase agreement market is segmented into physical delivery PPA, virtual PPA, portfolio PPA, block delivery PPA, and others. Virtual PPA caters to a significant share of the power purchase agreement market in 2023. VPPAs provide flexibility in terms of location and risk management. They are financial contracts rather than physical delivery agreements, allowing companies to support renewable energy projects without taking physical delivery of the energy. This is particularly advantageous for companies with geographically dispersed operations.

Based on category, the power purchase agreement market is categorized into corporate, government, and others. The corporate segment acquires a major market share in power purchase agreements. Many corporations have set ambitious sustainability targets to reduce their carbon footprints and enhance their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) credentials. PPAs provide a direct and effective way to secure renewable energy, thus aligning with these sustainability objectives. For instance, companies like Google, Apple, and Microsoft have all entered substantial PPAs to power their operations with renewable energy.

Based on size, the power purchase agreement market is segmented into Up to 20 MW, 20-50 MW, 50-100 MW, and Above 100 MW. The above 100 MW size segment caters to a significant share of the power purchase agreement. Large-scale power plants can generate significant amounts of energy, which is essential for meeting the high energy demands of large corporations and governments. The ability to produce a substantial amount of renewable energy from a single project makes these plants more attractive for PPAs.

Based on application, the power purchase agreement market is classified into solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, carbon capture storage, and others. Among various renewable energy applications, solar energy has acquired an extensive share in the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) market. Solar energy has seen a significant reduction in costs over the past decade. Increased technological knowledge, volume purchasing, and gains in production efficiencies have made it possible to bring down the cost of solar panels and other products. Moreover, there have been improvements in the consistency of solar technology delivering continuing improvements in such areas as solar cell efficiency developing sophisticated solar energy storage systems has improved the feasibility and appeal of solar projects.

For a better understanding of the market adoption of the power purchase agreement, the market is analyzed based on its worldwide presence in countries such as North America (U.S., Canada, and the Rest of North America), Europe (Germany, UK, France, Spain, Italy, Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, and Rest of Asia-Pacific), Rest of World. North America has acquired a significant share of the power purchase agreement market. This is due to several factors like supportive policies, sufficient availability of renewable resources, and high company ownership in sustainable development. It is important to note that the United States has put in place measures regarding the promotion of renewable energy projects. The promotion of renewable energy through PPAs is facilitated by federal policies like the Investment Tax Credit (ITC) and state policies like Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS). A lot of the leading global companies from North America including such big movers as Google, Amazon, and Microsoft, have pinned sustainable development goals for themselves. More and more these companies are relying on PPAs to purchase power from renewable sources to cut costs and greenhouse emissions.

Some of the major players operating in the market include General Electric, Siemens, Shell Plc, Statkraft, Fairdeal Greentech India, NextEra Energy Resources, Enel Green Power, Orsted, Brookfield Renewable Partners, and TotalEnergies.

1.MARKET INTRODUCTION

1.1. Market Definitions
1.2. Main Objective
1.3. Stakeholders
1.4. Limitation

2.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OR ASSUMPTION

2.1. Research Process of the Power Purchase Agreement Market
2.2. Research Methodology of the Power Purchase Agreement Market
2.3. Respondent Profile

3.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

3.1. Industry Synopsis
3.2. Segmental Outlook
- 3.2.1. Market Growth Intensity
3.3. Regional Outlook

4.MARKET DYNAMICS

4.1. Drivers
4.2. Opportunity
4.3. Restraints
4.4. Trends
4.5. PESTEL Analysis
4.6. Demand Side Analysis
4.7. Supply Side Analysis
- 4.7.1. Merger & Acquisition
- 4.7.2. Investment Scenario
- 4.7.3. Industry Insights: Leading Startups and Their Unique Strategies

5.PRICING ANALYSIS

5.1. Regional Pricing Analysis
5.2. Price Influencing Factors

6.GLOBAL POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT MARKET REVENUE (USD BN), 2022-2032F

7.MARKET INSIGHTS BY TYPE

7.1. Physical Delivery PPA
7.2. Virtual PPA
7.3. Portfolio PPA
7.4. Block Delivery PPA
7.5. Others

8.MARKET INSIGHTS BY CATEGORY

8.1. Corporate
8.2. Government
8.3. Others

9.MARKET INSIGHTS BY SIZE

9.1. Up to 20 MW
9.2. 20-50 MW
9.3. 50-100 MW
9.4. Above 100 MW

10.MARKET INSIGHTS BY APPLICATION

10.1. Solar
10.2. Wind
10.3. Geothermal
10.4. Hydro
10.5. Carbon Capture and Storage
10.6. Others

11.MARKET INSIGHTS BY REGION

11.1. North America
- 11.1.1. U.S.
- 11.1.2. Canada
- 11.1.3. Rest of North America
11.2. Europe
- 11.2.1. Germany
- 11.2.2. UK
- 11.2.3. France
- 11.2.4. Spain
- 11.2.5. Italy
- 11.2.6. Rest of Europe
11.3. Asia-Pacific
- 11.3.1. China
- 11.3.2. Japan
- 11.3.3. India
- 11.3.4. Rest of Asia-Pacific
11.4. Rest of World

12.VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

12.1. Marginal Analysis
12.2. List of Market Participants

13.COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

13.1. Competition Dashboard
13.2. Competitor Market Positioning Analysis
13.3. Porter Five Forces Analysis

14.COMPANY PROFILED

14.1. General Electric
- 14.1.1. Company Overview
- 14.1.2. Key Financials
- 14.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 14.1.4. Product Portfolio
- 14.1.5. Recent Developments
14.2. Siemens
14.3. Shell Plc
14.4. Statkraft
14.5. Fairdeal Greentech India
14.6. NextEra Energy Resources
14.7. Enel Green Power
14.8. Orsted
14.9. Brookfield Renewable Partners
14.10. TotalEnergies